Annual Report 1980-81
APPENDICES
NUMBER PAGES
I. Major International Conferences/Meetings/Semi-
nars etc. organised by Inter-Governmental Orga-
nisation at which the Government of India was
represented in 1980-81 81-85
II. Major International Conferences/Meetings/
Seminars organised by Non-Governmental
Organisation (such as Asian Productivity
Organisation, International Co-operation Alliance,
International Organisation for Standardisation
etc.) in which Indian experts participated in their
personal capacity with the Government assistance
in 1980-81 (April 1980 to March 1981) 86-87
III. Miscellaneous Major International Conferences
etc. in 1980-81 (April 1980 to March 1981) at
which the Govt. of India was represented or in
which Indian experts participated with Govern-
men of India's assistance in their personal capa-
city 88-89
IV. International Organisation of which India became
a member or ceased to be a member during the
year 1980-81 (from April 1980 to March 1981) 90
V. Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or
renewed by India with other countries in
1980 91-98
VI. Statement showing number of passport/miscel-
laneous services applications received and
number of passports issued/miscellaneous
services granted in the calendar year 1980 99
VII. Statement showing the total number of employ-
ees (both permanent and temporary) in the
Ministry of External Affairs under various groups
and representation of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes therein (Position as on
Dec 31, 1980) 100
VIII. Statement showing the number of appointments
(both by direct recruitment and by promotion)
made to various groups of posts and reserved
vacancies filled by Scheduled Castes and Sche-
duled Tribes during the year 1980 101
IX. Revenue expenditure of the Ministry during the
Financial Year 1980-81 102
X. Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/
Posts abroad during 1980-81 103-104
XI. Strength of IFS & IFS (B) Cadres, Combined
Research Cadre and Interpreters Cadre 105
XII. Foreign Language Chart 106
Dec 31, 1980
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| INTRODUCTION
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The general international situation
This report of the Ministry of External Affairs covers a
particularly difficult period in international relations in which
there was a sharp intensification in great power rivalries and
competition. The matching of skills, unfortunately, was not for
the benefit of mankind in such constructive spheres as socio-
economic development or the arts and sciences, but in the
dangerous realm of military preparedness. From India's point of
view, this is all the more alarming as the active theatre of this
game of conflict and confrontation shifted away from Europe
to the developing world, particularly Asia and Africa. The
Indian Ocean became an almost continuous arc of critical situa-
tions, full of simmering tensions some of which erupted into
armed conflicts.
It is true that many of these developments were a result of
internal upheavals among countries of the region or of conflicts
among them originating from local causes. However, it did
provide the external powers with the opportunity to exploit such
situations to extend their political and military influence, as well
as their economic control, over the governments and peoples
of the non-aligned and other developing countries. This was
attempted in a number of subtle and not so subtle ways-the
unstated but implied threat of using nuclear weapons against
non-nuclear weapons states, the enormous build-up and wide
deployment of conventional military and naval forces, the foster-
ing of local differences by sowing seeds of suspicion or with
carefully regulated doses of arms supplies, overt or covert inter-
vention or interference in the internal affairs of the third world
and frustrating, in manifold ways, the urgent need to evolve a
new international economic order.
Against this background, the efforts of the less powerful
countries, who sought to strengthen their political independence
as well as their economic self-reliance in an atmosphere free
from outside interference and with honour and dignity acquired
an even greater significance. There was growing realisation
among them that it was only through unity and determination,
through imaginative policies of collective self-reliance, that they
(ii)
could strive successfully to bring about a new world order in
which their hopes and aspirations would be translated into
reality. Accompanying this was a growing recognition that the
philosophy and principles of non-alignment whose validity and
relevance was greater than ever before, should continue to guide
the struggle in this direction.
This was the international setting that posed countless
challenges for Indian diplomacy during, the, period covered by
this report. In the following pages an attempt will be made to
describe the initiatives and the well considered responses of
the Government of India to the evolving international situa-
tion.
Non-Alignment : New Delhi Conference of Foreign Ministers
A Conference of the Foreign Ministers of Non-Aligned Coun-
tries was held in New Delhi from Feb 09, 1981 to 13 February 1981.
91 countries and 2 liberation movements participated in the
Conference along with 15 observer delegations and 22 guest
delegations. At the inaugural session on 9 February 1981, the
Conference was privileged to hear a key note address by the
Prime Minister of India. A special commemorative session was
convened on 11 February to celebrate the 20th Anniversary of
the First Summit Conference of Non-aligned countries, held in
Belgrade in 1961. The Prime Minister addressed the comme-
morative session. The Conference itself was chaired by the
Minister of External Affairs.
The New Delhi Conference, was preceded by more than
usual speculation in interested quarters questioning the validity
of the Movement of Non-aligned countries. Some critics fore-
cast that the unity of the Movement would be fractured and its
strength and vitality eroded. This kind of speculation was
proved totally unfounded. To ensure the success of the Con-
ference, India conducted extensive pre-conference consultations
with a number of non-aligned countries. These, consultations
helped to create a favourable climate and to prevent a polarisa-
tion and excessive dissipation of attention on specific issues and
bilateral problems. Finally, the Conference ended in a spirit
of harmony with the adoption of the New Delhi Declaration
which covers all the burning issues of the day. This Declaration
represents an important contribution to the strengthening of the
role of the Movement, the policy of Non-alignment, of the
independence and sovereignty of all States, of the consolidation
(iii)
of international peace and security and of universal detente and
genuine disarmament. It has reinforced the struggle against
colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression and
intervention and interference.
On the economic plane, the Conference emphasised the need
for global negotiations to begin as soon as possible. On the
vital issue of energy, it called for appropriate measures on
energy, supply on a priority basis for importing non-aligned and
other developing countries without prejudice to the national
interests of all countries. Underscoring the vital importance of
furthering economic cooperation among developing countries, it
was agreed that the forthcoming high level Caracas Conference
should result in adoption of positive action oriented and agreed
modalities, projects, arrangements and programmes of coopera-
tion in a time-bound framework.
The unity and solidarity of the Movement of Non-aligned
Countries has been considerably strengthened as a result of the
New Delhi Conference. Thus, even on some issues where there
were differing points of view among nonaligned countries, con-
sensus was achieved. India's constructive role and efforts, as
also the objective and non-partisan manner in which it guided
the deliberations as Chairman of the Conference, came in for
high appreciation.
Nuclear and Military build-up by Great Powers
New doctrines of nuclear strategy are being evolved, the
acceptance of which would have a tragic effect on the ability
of the non-aligned and developing countries to maintain and
strengthen their political independence.
The dangers of an accidental nuclear holocaust being trigger-
ed off as a result of the present irrational nuclear build-up, are
ever present.
Non-aligned countries need to recognise the danger to each
of them of the nuclear threat which has today become a real
possibility.
India has proclaimed time and again her firm opposition to
nuclear weapons; government are firmly committed to the
peaceful utilisation of nuclear energy, to oppose any moves or
measures which are discriminatory in nature and which come
in the way of India's programmes for the peaceful use of nuclear
energy. India has reiterated this viewpoint in the UN General
Assembly as well as in other fora during the year.
(iv)
Developments in the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean today sees the largest military build-up
by external powers that has ever taken place. Recent develop-
ments in the region have been used as a pretext to justify this
increased presence. The build-up included the expansion of the
Diego Garcia base and the reported decision that it would be
built up as a major air, naval and perhaps nuclear facility.
This decision was accompanied by a rapid increase in the num-
ber of naval vessels and military aircraft deployed by major
non-littoral powers, and the plans of the USA for the creation
of a rapid deployment force of 110,000 personnel for use pri-
marily in, the Indian Ocean. Reports about seeking of fuelling,
re-stocking and rest and recreation facilities at littoral ports and
attempts to acquire base facilities have caused serious concern
to the Government of India and other non-aligned states.
There has also been a significant increase in the naval
presence of the USSR, UK and France, and attempts to seek
facilities which would enable a higher level of long-term naval
presence have been reported.
India has consistently opposed great power military presence
in the Indian Ocean as it introduces new tensions and conflicts
in its neighbourhood and constitutes a threat to peace and stabi-
lity. India is working in concert with other non-aligned littoral
and hinterland states to obtain early implementation of the 1971
Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. To this
end, in the UN Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean, India
is trying to promote agreement on the convening of the confer-
ence on the Indian Ocean in Sri Lanka as scheduled.
Afghanistan
The independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-
aligned status of Afghanistan, a country which is vital to its
security, is of direct concern to India.
During 1980-81 there were some signs that the parties con-
cerned had realised that the problem of Afghanistan could only
be solved by peaceful political means. The Government of
India had, right from the beginning, taken the position that an
attitude of confrontation or condemnation would not help in
resolving this matter. The wider acceptance of the need to
find a political solution is something which the Government of
(v)
India welcomes. India's position was clearly enunciated on
several occasions-namely, that it was opposed to the presence
of foreign troops and bases, in any country and that all forms of
intervention and interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan
must cease.
During the year the Government of India have been in
touch with the countries of the sub-continent as well as other
countries in an effort to defuse tensions and work towards a
solution Which would preserve the traditional status of Afghanis-
tan as an independent, sovereign and non-aligned nation.
India's relations with other neighbours
The change of Government in India stirred some speculation
about India's policy towards its neighbours. In recognition of
this, one of the first acts of the new Government was to spell
out the central theme of this policy, viz. India's desire to pro-
mote the establishment of peace in the region to enable
individual countries to pursue their efforts for economic and
social amelioration of their peoples, free from outside interfer-
ence. Through the visits of high level emissaries, India sought
to strengthen mutual trust and friendly relations and to step up
bilateral cooperation with all its neighbours, based on principles
of sovereign equality of states and non-interference in one an-
other's internal affairs with the objective of paving, the way for
further meaningful cooperation in the region. Reciprocity,
based on sovereign equality of States, would thus form the basis
of good neighbourly relations.
This sincerity of approach was appreciated. While one year
is too short a period to find lasting solutions to all long-
standing problems, there were encouraging signs of a forward
movement in many areas of significance.
A general improvement in the climate marked India's rela-
tionship with Bangladesh. There was movement towards reso-
lution of a number of bilateral issues which had remained in a
state of somewhat suspended animation. This was particularly
true of such issues as rail transit, demarcation of land boundary
as well as of maritime boundary. While no immediate solutions
were forthcoming, specially on issues like the long term
augmentation of the flow of the Ganges at Farakka, the pro-
gress in negotiations was based on a better appreciation of each
other's points of view and willingness for mutual accommoda-
tion.
(vi)
The principal achievement of Indo-Bhutan relationship dur-
ing the year was to safeguard and nurture the cherished relation-
ship between the two countries. The Indo-Bhutan Treaty of
Peace, and Friendship, signed in 1949, continued to be the
cornerstone of this relationship, reflecting the, mature recognition
by both sides of the abiding value of inevitable mutual inter-
dependence, arising as much out of compulsions of history and
geography as out of unshakable ties of culture.
During the year India's friendly relations with Burma were
further strengthened and consolidated, particularly during,
President Ne Win's visit to India. Various issues of mutual
interest were discussed between the two sides. Possibilities of
increasing economic and cultural exchanges were also consider-
ed.
India expressed its desire and willingness to discuss all out-
standing issues with China, particularly the continued occupation
by China of a part of Indian territory, in search of a peaceful
solution. Chinese leaders also on several occasions expressed
their keenness to see an improvement in India-China relations.
India's preparedness for improved relations with China on
the basis of equality and respect for each other's legitimate
interests, however, would not be at the cost of its friendship
with any other country.
In its quest to create a viable framework for cooperation,
with its neighbours, India has undertaken to meet Maldives'
essential requirements of food and other essential commodities
even where such commodities are not on the list of exportable
goods. The first resident Indian Ambassador to Maldives was
appointed during the year.
Like India, Nepal also witnessed important internal deve-
lopments during the year. Following a referendum to choose,
the form of government-either the continuation of the partyless
panchayat system or its replacement by a multi-party system-
constitutional reforms of major significance were undertaken.
Fresh elections are now scheduled to be held. A serious effort
was made to place relations between the two countries on a
firm footing, on the basis of equality, mutual trust and reci-
procity. The long tradition of bilateral cooperation continued,
particularly in the field of water resources development as
reflected in the Karnali and Pancheshwar projects.
India's endeavour has been to assure Pakistan of its conti-
nued interest in good relations. India reiterated during 1980-81,
(vii)
its desire to normalise relations with Pakistan in accordance
with the letter and spirit of the Simla Agreement of 1972 and
on a: bilateral basis. Some positive developments were recorded
during the year. India was, however, concerned with some
actions of Pakistan which tended to cause a set-back to the
process of normalisation. These included references to Kashmir
at more than one international forum, which was not in keeping
with the spirit of the Simla Agreement, and unwarranted inter-
ference in India's internal affairs.
The efforts of Pakistan to considerably expand its military
capability could have an adverse effect on the regional stability
and would also not be conducive to the creation of a climate
of mutual confidence in relations between India and Pakistan.
India has made it clear to Pakistan that it was only interested
in working for normal good neighbourly relations with Pakistan
on the basis of the Simla Agreement, and there was no threat
whatsoever to that country from India. There have been per-
sistent and disquieting reports in the media about Pakistan
developing nuclear weapons. India has expressed the hope that
Pakistan would abide by its assurances to direct its nuclear pro-
grammes solely towards peaceful purposes.
The even tenor of Indo-Sri Lanka relations continued un-
affected through the year. India granted a Rs. 10 crore
government to government credit to Sri Lanka. Mutual
exchange of visits and growing commercial and cultural ex-
changes took place. However, the resolution of the question of
stateless persons of Indian origin in Sri Lanka, envisaged within
the framework of the Indo-Sri Lanka agreement of 1964 and
1974 on the subject, did not fully come about.
Regional Cooperation in South Asia
India welcomed in principle the proposal made by President
Zia-ur-Rehman of Bangladesh in April 1980 on the need for
regional cooperation to preserve peace and stability and promote
economic and social developments. However, it is India's con-
sidered view that adequate preparations need to, be made to
study the implications of the proposal indepth and to identity
clearly and unambiguously the areas of regional cooperation
which should naturally include all countries of the region.
India has exchanged views with the other countries in the
region on this proposal and the general reaction has been
sympathetic.
(viii)
Iran-Iraq conflict
The outbreak of hostilities between Iran and Iraq on 22
September after border skirmishes resulting from the revival of
long standing territorial differences between the two, caused
India concern and distress.
India was concerned that the continuance of the conflict
would have grave implications for both regional and global peace
and security. The Minister of External Affairs speaking at the
United Nations General Assembly on 3 October 1980, stated that
this would only weaken the solidarity of the nonaligned and deve-
loping countries. He urged Iran and-Iraq to settle their differences
peacefully in accordance with the principles and provisions of the
UN Charter.
Attempts were made by the United Nations, Islamic Con-
ference, the Chairman of the P.L.O., Yasser Arafat and by a
group of non-aligned nations, with whom India was associated,
to bring this conflict to an end. Their efforts, however, failed
to make any headway as both Iraq and Iran adhered to their
respective positions.
The nonaligned movement made strenuous efforts to resolve
the differences between Iran and Iraq in a peaceful manner. The
Conference of the Foreign Ministers in Delhi reiterated and
emphasised the principles of the movement that no State should
acquire or occupy territories by the use of force, that the terri-
tory acquired in this way should be returned, that no act of ag-
gression should be committed against any State, that the terri-
torial integrity and sovereignty of all States should be res-
pected, that no State should try to interfere or intervene in the
internal affairs of other States and that all differences or claims
which may exist between States should be settled by peaceful
means in order that peaceful relations should prevail among
other member States. To this end the Conference asked the
Foreign Ministers of Cuba, India, Zambia and the Head of
the Political Department of the P.L.O. to exert all peaceful
efforts in order to, contribute to the implementation of the afore-
mentioned principles. The creation of this Group of Four, after
earlier efforts in a similar direction had not resulted in success,
was a significant achievement to seek a solution to the conflict
through the non-aligned forum of which both Iraq and Iran
are members.
(ix)
India's relations with Arab countries
A perceptible renewal of warmth characterised India's rela-
tions with the Arab world. The Governments in West Asia
and North Africa responded enthusiastically to the initiative
taken by the new Government to foster closer political and eco-
nomic relations with countries in the region.
India continued to believe that the question of Palestine was
at the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict. A just peace in the
region could only be based on Israel's total and unconditional
withdrawal from all the occupied Arab territories including
Jerusalem, and the restoration of the inalienable national rights
of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independ-
ence and sovereignty. As the sole and legitimate representative
of the Palestinian people, the P.L.O.'s participation in any efforts
aimed at, solving this problem was essential.
India's relations with South East Asia
With countries in South East Asia, India shares abiding ties
of history and culture.
The people of Kampuchea have become enmeshed in
the attempts by external powers to incite conflict, and to cause
destabilisation, in all the States of Indo-China. India regrets
that such attempts have not yet ceased.
In view of the situation obtaining in that country and the
urgent need to contribute to the, promotion of stability in the
region, the Minister of External Affairs announced in Lok Sabha
on 7 July 1980, India's decision to establish immediately diplo-
matic relations with the Government of the People's Republic of
Kampuchea headed by President Heng Samrin.
India donated rice, to Kampuchea, besides giving other
assistance.
India's relations with the other States of Indo-China continued
to improve during the year. The visit of the Vietnamese Prime
Minister in April 1980 gave an opportunity to further strengthen
relations, with that country. With the Lao People's Democratic
Republic, India's relations continued to be close and warm.
India has welcomed the setting up of ASEAN since its incep-
tion in 1967. It has consistently lent support to the endeavours
(x)
of these countries to make the region a zone of peace, freedom
and neutrality, free of interference by external powers.
India's relations with USSR and USA
India's relations with the Soviet Union were close, friendly,
mature and stable.
The President of India's visit to the Soviet Union in Septem-
ber/October 1980 was followed by President Brezhnev's visit
to India in December 1980. In addition to further strengthening
the cooperation between the two countries, these high level ex-
change of visits imparted a new dynamism and versatility to
Indo-USSR relations. The signing of four agreements on econo-
mic and technical cooperation, on trade matters, on cooperation
in the field of cinematography and for cultural and scientific
exchanges during President Brezhnev's visit underlined this
reality.
India's relations with the USA remained on an even keel and
were characterised by regular exchange of official level visits, pro-
viding an opportunity for greater mutual understanding on bilateral
and multilateral issues.
A problem which continued to cause concern during the
year was the supply of nuclear fuel from the USA for Tarapore.
While supply of one shipment was welcomed by India, the im-
position of extraneous conditions for the supply of further ship-
ments was regretted.
The question of access of Indian goods to markets in the USA
also remained unresolved despite efforts for its speedy solution.
India's relations with Africa
India's relations with Africa, with which it has traditional
ties going back several centuries and which have particularly
been manifested through the common struggle against colonialism,
continued to develop smoothly. One of the major problems
facing the Non-aligned Movement is the continuance of the last
vestige of colonialism in Namibia and of the continued practice
of abhorrent racist doctrine of apartheid in South Africa. India
has given both moral and material support to the African libera-
tion movements in their struggle for freedom.
India attached importance to developing economic coopera-
tion with African countries through trade, joint ventures, techni-
(xi)
cal assistance and training of personnel. This will continue to be
a major element of India's economic policy.
Japan
India and Japan share a common cultural and religious
tradition to which has been added wide-ranging economic co-
operation as the foundation for further growth of their relation-
ship. During the year this relationship developed through ex-
change of visits and in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect.
Central and South America and the Caribbean
The development of India's relations with the countries of
Central and South America and the Caribbean proceeded at a
quicker pace. In India's view the potential, particularly for
economic cooperation with these countries was vast and the
efforts of India were directed to ensuring that this potential was
built up.
India's cultural ties particularly with the countries of the
Caribbean have been wide-ranging and it was the effort of India
to further develop these ties during the year.
In recognition of the potential that this region offered for
development of meaningful relations and cooperation, a con-
ference of the Heads of Indian-Missions in the region, presided
over by the Minister of External Affairs, was held in Mexico
in October 1980.
Europe
The many-faceted and time-tested cooperation between India
and socialist Countries of Eastern Europe-continued to progress
satisfactorily during the year. Through mutual exchange of
visits a number of new initiatives were taken by India to further
develop and consolidate this relationship.
India's relations with the countries of Western Europe remain-
ed cordial and were further strengthened by exchange of high level
visits and intensive cooperation in economic, technical and cultural
fields.
Commemoration of the Fifteenth Century of the Hijra Era
The year coincided with the beginning of the Fifteenth Cen-
tury of the Hijra Era. On this occasion, the President and the
(xii)
Prime Minister sent messages of greetings to their counterparts
in Islamic countries.
New International Information Order
Non-aligned News Agencies Pool
India which had taken a leading part in the formation and
subsequent work of the non-aligned news agencies pool, hosted
the Sixth Meeting of the Coordinating Committee of the Non-
aligned News Agencies Pool from 16 to 18 February in which
23 countries out of 25 members of the Coordinating Committee
participated. In addition, eight other Members of the Pool and
seven international organisations also attended. A number of
Indian initiatives during this meeting were approved unanimously.
New International Economic Order
Global economic relations today are characterised by the
North-South divide, the attempts by the more prosperous and
economically powerful nations to exercise control over the large
number of nations who are economically weak; and the widening
gap between rich and poor.
In this context, India's efforts during 1980-81, undertaken
within the non-aligned movement and the Group of 77, have been
directed at the following broad objectives :
(1) to evolve a united approach on matters related to
the North-South dialogue and the forthcoming global
round of negotiations and the establishment of a
New International Economic Order.
(2) to evolve action oriented programmes relating to:
(i) Individual Commodity agreements;
(ii) Establishment and operation for the wider
benefit of developing, commodity exporting
countries, of a Common Fund, including its
second window;
(iii) Countering the trends of protectionism through
tariff and non-tariff barriers, in the trade poli-
cies of the advanced industrial countries.
(3) to evolve a practical and united strategy to further
the trade and developmental objectives of the deve-
loping countries.
(xiii)
(4) to devise measures and plans by consensus for eco-
nomic and technical cooperation among developing
countries.
India in its capacity as Chairman of the Group of 77 con-
tinued to participate in the efforts to develop a dialogue with
the developing countries, particularly at the 11th Special Session
of the UN General Assembly.
No substantial progress was made at any of the meetings.
Nevertheless, India responded positively to the initiative taken
by Austria and Mexico, in the wake of the near failure of the
11th Special Session for a restricted summit meeting to consider
the problems of cooperation and development. India participat-
ed in the meeting of the Foreign Ministers from 11 countries
held in Vienna in November 1980, for consultation regarding
such a meeting. The second meeting is scheduled to take place
in Vienna in March 1981 to finalise the list of participants and
to consider the agenda and procedures for the summit meeting,
The summit meeting is expected to take place in June 1981.
The concept of economic and technical cooperation
among developing countries has emerged as a major option for
the future. At the meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Gov-
ernment of the Asia Pacific Region, held in Delhi in September
1980, this was an important theme for discussion and specific
measures were discussed by which the countries of the region
could cooperate with and help each other in economic matters.
In pursuance of this policy India has established over the
years a large number of joint ventures in developing countries, as
also the deputation of experts, grant of credits and provision for
meeting requirements of essential commodities.
In the West Asia region, during the year some Rs. 2,000,
crores worth of projects were allocated to Indian concerns.
| TOP |
| INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS
|
CHAPTER I
INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS
India having close and friendly relations with Afghanistan,
was seriously concerned over developments in that country. It
was vitally interested in the security, independence, sovereignty,
territorial integrity and non-aligned status of this traditionally
friendly neighbour.
With a view to defuse the situation, Shri R. D. Sathe, Foreign
Secretary and Shri S. K. Singh, Additional Secretary in the Minis-
try, visited Kabul and met the Afghan leaders. The Minister of
External Affairs, on more than one occasion, held talks with
the Foreign Minister of Afghanistan in New York. India also,
discussed the problem with leaders of a number of other
countries.
India's stand on Afghanistan was guided by the principles
that (i) there should be no interference or intervention in the
affairs of one country by any other country by the use of, armed
force, (ii) there should be no effort to destabilise existing regimes
by interference or subversion from outside and (iii) there should
be no destabilisation of the South Asian region by excessive in-
duction of arms, the entry of great power influence and resultant
confrontation. It was India's conviction that the primary need
was to prevent escalation of tension and to work ceaselessly for
finding a solution through political and diplomatic measures.
India pursued its efforts to improve relations with Bangla-
desh. A constructive dialogue was maintained by the two
governments through a regular exchange of visits by Ministers
and senior officials. Particular mention may be made of the
meeting between the Bangladesh President and the Prime Minis-
ter of India, during the former's visit to New Delhi in September
1980, in connection with the Second Regional Conference of
Commonwealth Heads of Government. The visit of the External
Affairs Minister to Dacca, from Aug 16, 1980 to 18 August 1980, pro-
vided an opportunity for wide-ranging discussions with the
Bangladesh government on important bilateral questions such as
the Land Boundary, the Maritime Boundary, illegal movement
across the border and railway transit facilities. While imme-
pg1
pg2
diate solutions could not be found for many of these questions,
there was definite movement on a range of bilateral issues and
a schedule for further action was drawn up.
In October 1980, official level talks were held in Delhi
to expedite the implementation of the Indo-Bangladesh Land
Boundary Agreement of 1974. Specific programmes were
drawn up with a view to completing demarcation by the end of
the 1981-82 field season. Official level talks were resumed for
the delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in December 1980,
in Dacca. Six rounds of discussions had previously been held
between 1974 and 1978.
As a follow up on Bangladesh's agreement in principle to
provide rail transit facilities requested by India, a delegation
from India visited Dacca in October 1980 for detailed discussions
on arrangements for goods transit traffic between West Bengal
and Tripura through Bangladesh. A technical sub-group inspect-
ed possible sites for the construction of railway sidings, to con-
nect the Bangladesh Railway system with the town of Agartala
in Tripura. The discussions during the visit marked a signifi-
cant advance towards establishing viable transit facilities. In
the field of science, education, culture and social welfare acti-
vities, India and Bangladesh decided to end the ad hoc approach
followed during the last 4 years and, on 30 December 1980, a
Cultural Protocol ensuring regular exchanges was signed.
This was done within the framework of the Cultural Cooperation
Agreement concluded between the two countries on 30 Decem-
ber 1972.
The visit of the Indian Commerce Minister, Shri Pranab
Mukherjee, to Dacca in October 1980 gave a fillip to Indo-
Bangladesh commercial exchanges. A new Trade Agreement
between the two countries was signed. It will remain in force
for an initial period of 3 years. During the same visit a Memo-
randum of Understanding between India and Bangladesh was
also signed by which the value ceiling of Taka 25 crores on the
export of Wet Blue Leather to India was raised to Taka 40
crores and India agreed to buy urea fertiliser upto a quantity of
1 lakh tons and to consider import of certain categories of drugs,
furnace oil; Jamdani sarees and handicrafts. Bangladesh re-
quested the supply of steam-coal during 1980-81, apart from
showing interest in the import of pig iron, GI sheet, wheat seeds,
oil-seeds and vegetable seeds.
pg3
As stipulated in the Agreement on Sharing of Ganga Waters
at Farakka and on Augmenting its Flows (1977), the first re-
view to assess the working, impact, implementation and progress
of the arrangements contained in the Agreement, was initialled
at Dacca on 5 November. Another Ministerial level review
meeting was held at Delhi in January 1981. The two sides ex-
changed reports on the subject, both in relation to the short-
term sharing arrangements and the provisions concerning aug-
mentation of the dry season flows of the Ganga at Farakka. The
agreement required the Indo-Bangladesh Joint Rivers Commis-
sion to submit recommendations to the two governments on an
augmentation scheme within a period of three years. The JRC
was unable in this period to even commence examination of the
schemes proposed by India and Bangladesh respectively, for
reasons made clear by the Indian side at the review meeting. By
contrast, the short term sharing arrangements envisaged in the
Agreement were faithfully and fully implemented.
India's title to the newly-emerged New Moore Island was
questioned by Bangladesh. India supplied Bangladesh with
data establishing its title and further discussions are to be held
with Bangladesh on this subject during which an attempt would
be made to remove any doubts which might exist concerning
India's rightful title.
A number of high-level visits exchanged with Bhutan testi-
fied to India's close relations with that country. The Foreign
Minister of Bhutan visited India in August 1980. The Minister
of External Affairs exchanged views with him on matters of
common interest and international issues when he met him in
New York. The visit of the King of Bhutan from 9 to 11
January 1981 reaffirmed the unique bonds between India and
Bhutan based on trust, understanding, interdependence and
mutuality of interests.
Apart from these exchanges, several official delegations and
officials from both countries exchanged visits to discuss a variety
of bilateral and other issues.
India continued to give economic and technical assistance
to Bhutan. During the Fourth Five-Year Plan implemented by
Bhutan with Indian economic and technical assistance, Bhutan
made significant strides in the fields of education, public health,
agriculture, industrial development and in the provision of social
amenities and building of infra-structural facilities such as roads,
pg4
bridges, communications and telecommunications, power, etc.
Discussions are currently taking place with Bhutan on the size
of India's participation in its Fifth Five-Year Plan.
The services of Indian experts and consultants, as in the
past, were provided to Bhutan on deputation. India also conti-
nued to offer scholarships to Bhutanese students and trainees for
higher studies in India.
President U Nc Win, accompanied by the Foreign Minister
and senior officials, paid an official visit to India from 20 to 22
November. The Burmese leaders had talks with Indian leaders
and senior officials. Various issues of mutual interest were
discussed between the two sides. Possibilities of increasing
economic and cultural exchanges were also considered.
In response to an invitation from the President of Burma,
former Burmese Prime Minister U Nu left India for Rangoon on
29 July.
Books on Buddhism and collected works of Mahatma
Gandhi were presented by the Indian Ambassador in Rangoon
to the Director General of Burma's Higher Education Depart-
ment.
India's relations with Iran were marked by cordiality and by
mutual appreciation of each other's point of view. Iranian
leaders showed an increasing awareness of the potential for
economic cooperation between the two, countries and, following
talks held during the visit to New Delhi of Mr. Reza-Sadr, Iranian
Minister of Commerce, in June 1980, it was decided to expand
Indo-Iran cooperation in trade, industry, shipping, transport and
railways, agriculture, planning and science and technology. An
Engineering Export Promotion Council delegation also visited
Iran from India in July and its visit was followed up by that of
a delegation from the Association of Indian Engineering Indus-
tries in September. Unfortunately, the outbreak of war bet-
ween Iran and Iraq interrupted further progress in the develop-
ment of economic cooperation between India and Iran. Signi-
ficant progress in the development of such cooperation may be
expected after the termination of hostilities.
Shri R. Venkataraman, Finance Minister, visited Iran in
September 1980, as the Prime Minister's special envoy. He
found the Iranian leadership fully appreciative of India's point
of view with regard to India's classification among countries en-
titled to concessional OPEC terms.
pg5
A delegation representing a cross-section of Iranian econo-
mic and industrial organisations, led by Dr. Syed Ali Sattari-
pour, Deputy Minister of Industry and Mines, paid a visit to the
Engineering Trade Fair organised by the Association of Engi-
neering Industry of India in New Delhi in February, 1981. Iran
also continued to be a reliable source for oil supplies.
There was notable Progress in India's relations with Maldives
both in the political and economic spheres. The level of India's
representation in Male was raised with the appointment of a
resident Ambassador.
Talks for a bilateral trade agreement between India and
Maldives were held in November 1980. An agreement is ex-
pected to be signed-shortly. Indo-Maldivian trade is expected
to increase substantially after conclusion of the Agreement.
The IAAI have nearly completed their contract for the
Hulule airport expansion project in the Maldives. The runway
is already complete. The terminal building and the ancillaries
are expected to be completed by the middle of 1981.
India continued its efforts to further develop and strengthen
its multi-faceted relationship with Nepal.
During the visit of His Majesty, the King of Nepal, in March
1980, discussions covered bilateral relations including political,
economic and technical matters. The situation in the region
was also discussed, with both sides agreeing that efforts should
be made by all the countries of the region as well as outside
powers to reduce tension in the area. It was agreed that every
effort should be made to expand Indo-Nepalese relations in
mutually beneficial spheres and that there should be more fre-
quent consultations between the governments of the two coun-
tries to achieve these objectives.
In July 1980 an agreement was signed with Nepal for the
construction of a micro-wave link between Birganj and Raxaul.
Under the agreement, technical and material assistance amount-
ing to Rs. 1.2 million is to be offered to the Government of
Nepal. The link will make 36 channels available for communi-
cations between Nepal and India.
Mr. Jagdish Shamshere Rana, the Nepalese Foreign Secre-
tary, paid an official visit to New Delhi from 31 July to 3
August 1980, as part of the continuing bilateral consultations
between the Foreign Secretaries of the two countries, Mr. Rana
pg6
and the Foreign Secretary, Shri R. D. Sathe, reviewed regional
developments, including developments in Afghanistan, South
East Asia and the Indian Ocean and discussed bilateral issues
and other matters of mutual interest.
During the visit of the Nepalese Irrigation Secretary, in
August 1980, India stressed its determination to cooperate fully
with Nepal in the development of water resources to the mutual
benefit of the two countries.
On the proposed Pancheshwar Hydel Project Mahakali River
on the Indo-Nepal Border it was decided, following discussions
with the Nepalese authorities in October, that Joint investiga-
tions for the Pancheshwar Dam should start as soon as possible.
It was also agreed that a meeting of the main Karnali Committee
should be held as soon as possible.
The main committee on the Karnali Project met in
Kathmandu on 19 and 20 January 1981. Both the Nepalese
and the Indian side agreed to undertake a comprehensive study
of the main Karnali Project under Joint sponsorship and on-
going supervision of both countries. The Nepalese side agreed
to actively pursue their request to the UNDP and the World
Bank for financing of the comprehensive study and preparation
of the detailed project report on the main Karnali Project. The
Indian side also agreed to absorb power from the main Karnali
Project on mutually agreed terms on a continuing and stable
basis.
India continued to assist in the implementation of develop-
ment programmes in Nepal. The outlay of Indian assistance
to Nepal totalled approximately Rs. 14 crores for 1980-81. A
major portion of this assistance was earmarked for ongoing pro-
jects like the Devighat Hydro-electric Project and the East West
Highway (Central Sector). India continued to make a major
contribution towards development of technical, manpower re-
sources in Nepal.
Ever since assumption of office in January 1980, the Gov-
ernment endeavoured to assure the Government and people of
Pakistan of its continued interest in good relations with that
country. The visit of Foreign Secretary, Shri R. D. Sathe
(February 1980) and the special emissary of the Prime Minis-
ter, Sardar Swaran Singh (April 1980), to Islamabad were
part of the confidence-building exercise undertaken by India
from time to time. The Prime Minister met President Zia-ul-
pg7
Haq of Pakistan in Salisbury and the Foreign Minister of Pakis-
tan Mr. Agha Shahi also visited New Delhi in July 1980.
Through these dialogues India hoped to promote trust and
understanding between the two countries and to create a climate
for speedy normalisation of relations.
India was, however, concerned at some developments which
tended to cause a setback to its efforts to improve relations.
During the Islamic Foreign Ministers' Conference in January,
1981 and at the Islamic Summit held in the same month, Presi-
dent Zia chose to raise the Kashmir question. He had referred
to it earlier at the UN General Assembly Session on 3 October
1980. These attempts to internationalise Indo-Pak differences
over Kashmir were in contravention of the Simla Agreement and
were viewed by India as a trend towards retarding the progress
of normalisation. Similarly, disturbances in Moradabad and some
other places in August 1980, were commented upon by the offi-
cial spokesman and the censored media in Pakistan and this too
had a decelerating effect on improvement of relations between
India and Pakistan. Time and again it was impressed on Pakis-
tan that the raising of purely bilateral, controversial and emotional
issues in a propagandist manner in international fora, had a nega-
tive effect on India's efforts aimed at the creation of a climate
in which these issues can be amicably resolved.
India was also disturbed to note the rather irresponsible
speculation in Pakistani media about an impending conflict be-
tween India and Pakistan. There was no substance in such
reports and in a letter to President Zia, Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi pointed out that "as always the people and the Govern-
ment of India and I personally stand committed to the promotion
of friendship, understanding and cooperation between our two
peoples. We are equally committed to respect Pakistan's
national unity, territorial integrity, political independence and
sovereign equality".
Undeterred by minor set-backs to Indo-Pak relations, India
tried to explore several concrete areas of cooperation with Pakis-
tan. These included visits of pilgrims, trade, tourisms, sports and
cultural exchanges and cooperation in various international fora
on matters of common interests. In following this policy, India
was inspired by the belief that political reconciliation, economic
cooperation and greater cultural and people to people interaction
would be of abiding benefit to the peoples of India and Pakistan
and contribute to peace and stability in the sub-continent.
pg8
Indo-Sri Lankan relations continued to be warm and cordial.
In September 1980, President Jayewardene, accompanied by his
Foreign Minister, visited India. During this visit, President Jaye-
wardene had discussions with the Prime Minister, Indira
Gandhi, which helped to further strengthen the close and friendly
relations between the two countries.
India and Sri Lanka continued efforts to resolve the problem
arising from stateless persons of Indian origin in Sri Lanka. Pro-
gress in this regard was somewhat slower than anticipated, on
account of complex reasons. The two governments are in touch
with each other with a view to expediting resolution of the pro-
blem.
There were promising signs of increased economic coopera-
tion with Sri Lanka over the coming years. In January 1981, an
agreement was signed under which Sri Lankan entrepreneurs are
increasingly becoming aware of Indian capabilities in the indus-
trial sector. The micro-wave link between the two countries,
being constructed with Indian financial assistance is expected to
be completed during the coming years. India made available to
Sri Lanka, further credit of Rs. 100 million. The credit is to be
utilised by Sri Lanka to purchase from India, motor spares, trans-
port equipment, railway equipment and spares, amongst other
items.
In the cultural field, exchanges in sports and the performing
artistes continued as before.
Aug 16, 1980 | TOP |
| SOUTH-EAST ASIA
|
CHAPTER II
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Interested in the maintenance of peace and stability in South-
East Asia, India showed concern at the interference in affairs of
the region by the Big Powers. With its traditional ties of friend-
ship bolstered by growing cooperation with both ASEAN coun-
tries and the States of Indochina, it continued to lead support to
the endeavours of the countries of the region to tackle their
problems and resolve their differences through bilateral discus-
sions so that the region could become a zone of peace, freedom
and neutrality. India was of the view that development of rela-
tions with South-East Asian States would enable it to assist in
the solution of the problems confronting the region. Contact
with the ASEAN was maintained when the Minister of External
Affairs met his Philippines counterpart in New York in July
1980, in the latter's capacity as the current Chairman of the
ASEAN Standing Committee.
India's relations with Indonesia were strengthened through
exchange of a number of high level visits. The State visit of
President Suharto, from Sep 01, 1980 to 4 December, 1980, marked a new
stage in the developmental of bilateral ties. Discussion held during
the visit revealed similarity of views on major international pro-
blems. Both sides expressed their determination to further
enlarge the areas of economic and technical co-operation between
them. It was agreed that official and experts of the two coun-
tries would meet to identify further areas of co-operation.
The momentum generated by President Suharto's visit for
increased economic and industrial co-operation was sought to be
carried forward through the visits to India of Mr. Ismail Saleh,
Secretary to the Cabinet, Mr. Janari, Director Animal Diseases
Research Centre and Dr. Rusil Hakim, Director Central Research
Institute for Agriculture of Indonesia. Government of India
have gifted quantities of wheat seeds for experimental plantation
in Indonesia.
Sardar Swaran Singh visited Indonesia in September as
special envoy of the Prime Minister. The primary purpose of
his visit was to seek Indonesia's support for India's desire to be
pg9
pg10
in an appropriate category for compensation purposes, based on
per capita consumption of oil by the OPEC. A team of the
National Defence College visited Indonesia in October 1980.
Prime Minister sent condolence to President Suharto and
Mrs. Hatta on the passing away of Dr. Mohd. Hatta, former
Vice-President and Co-Proclaimer of Indonesia's independence.
The Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Hussain Onn, visited
India in September 1980. The visit provided an opportunity for
exchange of views at the highest level on matter of common
interest.
Bilaterial talks at the level of senior officials and the first
meeting of the Joint Committee, set up under the terms of the
Indo-Malaysian Economic and Technical Co-operation Agree-
ment signed in January 1979, were held in September 1980. The
discussions revealed a broad identity of views and perceptions
and ways and means were considered to promote further cultural
and scientific exchanges. Apart from further promoting pro-
grammes of co-operation in such fields as industry, agriculture
and science and technology, the Committee also reviewed the
trends in bilateral trade and possibilities of further strengthening
the bonds of industrial collaboration.
The Minister of State for Commerce Shri Khurshid Alam
Khan visited Kuala Lumpur in January, 1981 and held talks
with Malaysian leader for intensifying commercial and industrial
co-operation.
The Indo-Malaysian ties in the economic and industrial fields
were further developed with the implementation of new joint
ventures. It is pertinent to note that Malaysia has the largest
number of Indian joint ventures abroad. There were exchanges
of trade-cum-study teams. A large delegation of the Rubber
Industry Small Holders Authority of Malaysia visited India in
February, 1981 to study cottage industries, horticulture and
dairy. Another delegation of the Ipoh Indian Chamber of Com-
merce visited India on a fact-finding-cum-study tour to, explore
the scope of further industrial co-operation between the two
countries. India also continued to provide training facilities to
Malaysian students.
The President sent a message of greetings to the Malaysian
King on his coronation on 10 July 1980.
pg11
A team from the National Defence College visited Malaysia
in October 1980.
India participated in a number of international conference
held in the Philippines. The Finance Minister, Shri R. Venkata-
raman, visited the Philippines to attend the meeting of the Asian
Development Bank. Shri N. D. Tiwari, Minister for Planning
and Labour, took part in the Asian Labour Ministers Conference
held in November. The Minister of State for Tourism Shri C. L.
Chandrakar, led the Indian delegation to the World Tourism
Conference held in the Philippines in September 1980.
A twenty four member trade-cum-study team from the
Philippines visited India in October-November 1980.
Cultural relations were continued with the visit of the Indian
magician, P.C. Sarkar Jr. and two Indian cultural troupes who
gave performances at Manila.
Relations with Singapore continued to be friendly and
co-operative and were marked by exchange of a number of
visits. The Army Chief of Singapore, Maj. General Winston
Chu, visited India in October. India provided training facilities
to RAFS trainees in mountaineering and two of India's NCC
Air Cadets participated in NCC annual camp held in Singapore
in May/June 1980. A team of the National Defence College
visited Singapore in October 1980.
The trade between India and Singapore showed an upswing
and new Indian joint ventures continued to be set up in that
country. A number of important individuals and trade and
industry delegations visited Singapore.
The Prime Minister sent a message of congratulations and
good wishes to the Prime Minister of Singapore on his victory
in the Parliamentary elections. The Minister of External Affairs
also sent his felicitations to the new Foreign Minister Mr. S.
Dhanabalan.
India continued to receive trainees from Thailand under the
Colombo Plan, ITEC and other international assistance program-
mes for training in such fields as agriculture, metereology,
standardisation, hydrology and data communication. Trade
delegations and sale-cum-study teems from India visited Thailand
including those from Bharat Chambers of Commerce and FIEO
(Federation of Indian Export Organisations).
pg12
A wholly Indian Engineering Exhibition Indee'81 was held
in Bangkok in January, 1981. It was inaugurated by the Thai
Minister of Industry, Maj. Gen. Chatichai Choonhavan. The
Minister of Commerce Shri Khurshid Alam Khan visited Thai-
land on the occasion and held talks with Thai leaders during
which they expressed interest in greater Indo-Thai industrial
co-operation, including the setting up of export-oriented
industries.
A high-powered delegation of FICCI visited the ASEAN
countries in January/February, 1981 to identify areas of increas-
ed economic and industrial co-operation between India and the
ASEAN countreis.
A 4-member delegation from the ASEAN countreis repre-
senting Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines visited
India in January, 1981 to study the women's social welfare
activiteis and programmes.
The Vietnamese Vice-Foreign Minister, Mr. Vo Dong Giang,
paid a visit to India from 5 to 7 January, 1981 to hold
discussions concerning the Ministerial Conference of the Non-
Aligned Countries and matters of bilateral interest. The Foreign
Minister of Vietnam, Mr. Nguyen Co Thach paid a visit to
India in the first half of February to attend the Non-Aligned
Foreign Ministers Conference. They also called on the Foreign
Minister and discussed matters concerning the conference, the
situation in South-East Asia and subject of bilateral interest.
India's relations with Vietnam were further strengthened
through economic co-operation. In August a credit agreement
was signed between the Industrial Development Bank of India
under which the bank would give a credit of Rs. 150 million to
Vietnam machinery from India. In September a rice loan
agreemnet was concluded under which India would make avail-
able to Vietnam a loan of 50,000 tons of rice. A Memorandum
on consultations on scientific and technological co-operation
between the two countries was also signed. In the cultural
field. a new Cultural Exchange Programme for 1980-81 was
worked out between the two countries.
The Minister of External Affairs announced in Lok Sabha
on 7 July, the decision of India to establish immediately diplo-
matic relations with the Government of People's Republic of
Kampuchea headed by President Heng Samsin. The ASEAN
countries expressed disappointment and unhappiness over this
pg13
decision of India. India, however, patiently explained the
rationale of this decision and the positive results that could
flow from it. It was pointed out that it was recognition of the
reality of the political situation inside Kampuchea.
The Embassy of the People's Republic of Kampuchea started
functioning in New Delhi in January 1981. The Indian Embassy
in Phnom Penh also was opened during the same month. The
first Ambassador of the People's Republic of Kampuchea to
India, Mr. Dith Munty presented the letter of credence to the
President on 6 February, 1981.
The Prime Minister, in a message to the President of
Kampuchea affirmed the ties of geography, history, shared
traditions and values which bound India and Kampuchea. She
also stated, "within our limited resources, India will be glad to
provide assistance to the, people of Kampuchea in their dedicated
efforts towards reconstruction and economic development."
India donated 3,000 tons of rice on bilateral basis and 2,000
tons of rice through the UNICEF to Kampuchea, besides giving
as gift stationery material worth Rs. 2.5 lakhs.
India continued to maintain close ties with Lao People's
Democratic Republic. The Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign
Minister of Laos, Mr. Phoune Sipasouth, paid a visit to India in
February to attend the Non-Aligned Foreign Ministers Con-
ference and utilised the opportunity to discuss matters of com-
mon interest with the Indian leaders.
One hundred buffaloes were given as a gift to that country
and training undertaken for five Laotians in buffalo management
at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal.
The Prime Minister of Australia, Mr. Malcolm Fraser, visited
India. He met Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during his visit and
exchanged views on subjects of mutual interest.
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi sent greetings to Mr. Fraser
on the victory of his coalition in the general elections held in
October 1980. The Minister of External Affairs felicitated
Mr. A.M. Street on his assuming the office of the Foreign
Minister of Australia.
The Australian Government deeply regretted the embarrass-
ment caused to the Government of India and, in particular to
the Prime Minister of India, as a result of the publication of a
confidential despatch of the Australian High Commissioner in
New Delhi in one of the Australian newspapers.
pg14
The 12th round of Indo-Australian bilateral talks at official
level was held in Canberra in July 1980 and the fifth meeting
of the Indo-Australian Joint Trade Commission at the same place
in November 1980.
Air Chief Marshal, I.H. Latif and Mr. Justice Y. V. Chandra-
chud visited Australia. Mr. V. F. Crabtree, the Minister of
Police and Services of the, State of New South Wales paid a good-
will visit to India in January 1981. Admiral R. L. Pareira, Chief
of Naval Staff visited Australia from February 27 to March 7,
1981.
The Prime Minister of New Zealand, Mr. R. D. Muldoon,
visited India to take part in CHOGRM II. A number of trade
delegations from India visited New Zealand. These included the
Cashew Trade Delegation, the Leather Delegation, and a team
from the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade. From the New
Zealand side, an exhibition of wool and manufacturing techniques
in New Zealand was organised jointly by the Wool Board and
the International Wool Secretariat of India in Delhi and Varanasi.
These visits reflected the economic contacts being maintained
between India and New Zealand.
The Visit of the Prime Minister of Fiji, Ratu Sir Kamisese
Mara, was an important event in India's relations with that
country. He called on the Prime Minister and discussed with her
subjects or mutual interest. India sent Choudhry Dalbir Singh,
Minister of State in the Ministry of Petroleum, Chemicals and
Fertilizers, to represent the Prime Minister of India in the cele-
brations of the tenth anniversary of the Independence of Fiji.
Professor Yash Pal, Director, Space Centre, Ahmedabad,
visited Fiji and held discussion for the setting up of the ISRO
Tracking Station for the Arian Passengers' Payload Experiment
(Apple) Project.
The Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd.
secured consultancy work for a hydro-power project in Western
Samoa.
A small-scale industrial unit was established in Tonga with
the efforts of an Indian expert loaned to that country under
ITEC.
The Prime Minister sent greetings to Father Walter Lini, the
Prime Minister of Vanuatu, on the occasion of the Independence
of Vanuatu. The High Commissioner of India in Suva represented
India at the Independence celebrations.
pg15
Greetings were also sent to Mr. Peter Konilorea, the Prime
Minister of Solomon Islands on his re-election and to Sir Julius
Chan on his assuming the office of the Prime Minister of Papua
New Guinea.
Papua New Guinea is the first State in the South Paciffic
which was admitted to the Non-alignment Movement with Guest
status at the Non-aligned Foreign Ministers' Conference held in
New Delhi in February 1981.
Sep 01, 1980 | TOP |
| EAST ASIA
|
CHAPTER III
EAST ASIA
As part of the ongoing process of normalisation of India-
China relations, exchanges in a wide range of fields were pro-
moted on the basis of reciprocity and mutual benefit. In Novem-
ber 1980, a PTI correspondent took up his post in Beijing, fol-
lowing an understanding between the two Governments on ex-
change of resident correspondents (PTI in Beijing and Xinhua
in India). Several Indian journalists visited China during the
year. Prof. M. G. K. Menon, Secretary, Department of Science
and Technology visited China in August-September to attend an
ESCAP sponsored conference. He held discussions with his
Chinese counterparts on possible areas of cooperation.
In early August, an Indian army detachment on a routine
familiarisation patrol strayed into Chinese territory. The return
of the personnel was arranged in an amicable manner with both
sides exercising due restraint, in keeping with the understanding
of the two Governments to maintain tranquility on the border
and to work towards improvement of relations.
On 4 November, Rao Birendra Singh, Minister of Agricul-
ture, during his transit halt at Beijing had a friendly and cordial
meeting with Vice Premier Wan Li. The Vice Premier said
that China was ready to develop friendly relations with India
and that there were broad prospects for cooperation in agricul-
tural technology.
A five-member Chinese team visited the Neyveli open cut
coal mine from Oct 24, 1980 to 12 November 1980. A three-mem-
ber Chinese delegation was invited to attend the session of the
Indian Science Congress in Varanasi from 3 to 7 January 1981.
Two Chinese dancers were given scholarships to study Indian
classical dance. A Chinese Gymnastic team visited India in
January 1981, and an acrobatic troupe from China commenced
its tour of India from the end of February 1981.
An Air-India delegation visited Beijing, at the invitation of
the Chinese counterpart, from 11 to 14 October 1980 and con-
cluded an inter-line traffic agreement between the two airlines.
pg16
pg17
India and Japan exchanged views at a high level on several
occasions. Shri E. Gonsalves, Secretary (East) in the Ministry
of External Affairs visited Tokyo in June 1980, for talks with
Japanese officials. In August, 1980, Os Excellency Mr. M. Ite,
Foreign Minister of Japan, visited New Delhi for exchange of
views with Indian leaders, including the Prime Minister Mr.
K. Aichi, Japanese Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign
Affairs, took the opportunity, presented by his visit to New Delhi
in connection with the conference of Japanese envoys stationed
in South Asia, to exchange ideas with the Minister of External
Affairs. These exchanges highlighted the fact that there were
no outstanding bilateral problems between India and Japan and
that a spirit of co-operation and mutual respect marked these
relations. The two countries shared the anxiety to defuse
tension and work towards peaceful resolution of international
conflicts, particularly their keenness to see peace and stability in
South-East Asia. Of course, given the divergence in their res-
pective historical, geopolitical and economic backgrounds, India
and Japan did not have identical views on all international issues.
Japan continued to be one of India's most important econo-
mic and trade partners. Possibilities of further promoting trade
and economic relations between the two countries were discuss-
ed at the Joint Meeting of the India-Japan Business Co-operation
Committee, a non-official Organisation representing business com-
munities of the two countries, held in New Delhi in December
1980.
The Japanses Government sent a Science and Technology
Study Mission to India in February 1981. This Mission
visited leading scientific and technological centres in India. It
is hoped that the visit will contribute to further co-operation
between the two countries in this field.
Friendly relations were maintained with both the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea
(ROK). In view of a number of high level visits from DPRK
during the last few years, Shri E. Gonsalves, Secretary (East) in
the Ministry of External Affairs, visited Pyongyang in June 1980,
and held discussions with DPRK leaders. He also called M
President Kim Il-Sung. In November 1980, an Inter-Ministerial
delegation led by the Agricultural Minister, visited Pyongyang to
explore the possibilities of economic co-operation between the
two countries.
pg18
In November 1980, the ROK President's Special Envoy,
Mr. Choi Kwang Suo, visited India.
In its exchanges both with the DPRK and the ROK, India
expressed itself in favour of the re-unification of the two Koreas
through peaceful discussions between the two sides without any
outside interference.
The existing friendly relations between India and the Mongo-
lian People's Republic (MPR) were further strengthened by
the visit of a Mongolian Parliamentary delegation to India in
December 1980. During the course of his calls on the Prime
Minister and the Minister of Exteranl Affairs, the leader of the
Mongolian delegation, Prof. B. Shirendyb, Deputy Chairman of
the Great People's Khural of MPR, expressed appreciation of
India's policy of non-alignment and its contribution towards
promotion of peace, stability and co-operation in the world.
Oct 24, 1980 | TOP |
| WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA
|
CHAPTER IV
WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA
A serious development in West Asia was the outbreak of
hostilities between Iran and Iraq on 22 September. This follow-
ed increasing tension between the two countries subsequent to
the revolution in Iran and border skirmishes resulting from the
revival of a longstanding territorial dispute between the two
countries.
India looked with concern and distress at the continuing
conflict between these two countries with both of whom it has
close and longstanding ties. It was apprehensive that an escala-
tion of this conflict would have, grave implications for both
regional and global peace and security. India maintained close
contacts with leaders of both the countries with the objective of
bringing to an end the hostilities. The special emissary of Presi-
dent Bani Sadr, Dr. Ali Saams Ardakhani, visited India and met
the Prime Minister on Sep 20, 1980. President Saddam
Hussein of Iraq sent Mr. Jassim Mohammad al-Khalaf as his
special envoy who met the Prime Minister on 8 October 1980.
Subsequently, the Prime Minister sent special emissaries to both
Iran and Iraq at the end of October 1980 to hold discussions with
the leaders of these countries. The Foreign Secretary, Shri R. D.
Sathe, visited Iran and Shri Romesh Bhandari, Secretary hi the
Ministry, visited Iraq in this connection. India took an active
part in the efforts for formation of a group of non-aligned nations
to offer their good offices to resolve the problem between Iran
and Iraq.
One outcome of the conflict was the rush by foreigners, includ-
ing Indian nationals, to leave the war affected areas, specially
from Iraq. Indians in Iran were able to leave without too much
difficulty. But their repatriation from Iraq initially was in a
disorganised manner and led to some delays and difficulties at the
border checkposts. Since it became evident that the war was,
Rely to be prolonged, a special cell was created in the Ministry
to co-ordinate arrangements to facilitate repatriation of those
wishing to return to India. Two teams of officials were rushed
to Kuwait and Amman to assist the Indian Missions there and
the Mission in Iraq was strengthened. Arrangements made for
pg19
pg20
repatriation included assistance for issue of exit-transit visas,
supply of travel documents on the spot, transportation, food and
other facilities. Provision was made for special flights and issue
of air tickets on credit. An officer in the Ministry was also
specially designated to handle all queries relating to the welfare
of Indian nationals caught in the war zones.
The total number of Indians repatriated came to approxi-
mately 11,000. Indian casualties were 17 killed, one missing and
about 30 injured. A number of Indian ships and sailing vessels
got stranded in the Shatt-al-Arab. Of these, 9 sailing vessels and
one ship were either sunk or badly damaged. The crew of most
of these were repatriated to India or to; other safe places leaving
only a skeleton staff on board each of them.
There were a number of visits from the Indian side. Ministers
of Commerce, Energy, Works & Housing and the Chief of the
Army Staff visited Iraq. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of
Iraq visited India as a special envoy of President Saddam
Hussein.
The sixth session of the Indo-Iraq Joint Commission took
place in New Delhi in April, The Commission identified new
areas of co-operation in various fields including irrigation, agri-
culture, oil and petrochemicals. The Protocol signed at the end
of the meeting stated, inter alia, that India and Iraq should set
"an example of co-operation in the economic field leading to
national and collective self-reliance which should serve as an
example to the rest of the developing world".
The year saw a significant increase in the number and value of
projects awarded by Iraq to Indian companies. There
were a number of major contracts both in private and public
sector. The total value of Indian projects rose from Rs. 400
crores at the end of 1979 to Rs. 1800 crores by the end of 1980.
India's growing co-operation with the countries in the Gulf
gained momentum following the realisation by them of mutual,
benefit in multifarious co-operation with India in the economic
field. This was reflected in the exchange of visits that took
place between them and India.
The Amir of Kuwait paid an official visit in September, this
being the first such visit by any Amir of Kuwait to India. One
of the principal subjects discussed during the visit was the pros-
pects of Kuwait's investments in projects in India. Kuwait also
agreed to give favourable consideration to the question of supply
of oil to India. As a gesture of friendliness, the Amir donated
pg21
an amount of Rs. 1.5 crores to the Prime Minister's National
Relief Fund for flood relief, and another Rs. 1.2 crores for the
construction of an indoor stadium in Delhi for the Asian Games
to be held in, 1982.
The UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Rashid
Abdullah-al-Haemai, visited India in connection with the Indo-
UAE Joint Commission. The Commission discussed possibility
of investments by UAE for projects in India, hi the light of the
policy of liberalisation by India towards investments from oil
exporting Arab countries. India agreed for the UAE to establish
branches of two of its banks in India. Special joint venture pro-
jects by India in, the UAE are also, under consideration.
Sheikh Suroor, Grand Chamberlain of the UAE, visited India
in July as a special emissary of the President of that country.
The Deputy Prime Minister of Oman visited India in February
1980 as a special envoy of the Sultan of Oman to congratulate
the Prime Minister on the electoral victory of her party.
There was favourable response by the Gulf countries, to make
good the shortfall in India's crude imports caused by the Iran-
Iraq was. The UAE agreed to increase its normal supply of one
million tons a year to 1.5 million Was from 1981. Kuwait and
Qatar also supplied crude for the first time in response to India's
requirements.
India's relations with Saudi Arabia showed signs of greater
economic and commercial co-operation. The Finance Minister
of India visited that country as a special envoy of the Prime
Minister in November. There was helpful response from Saudi
Arabia to the request of India for oil supplies.
A perceptible new warmth characterised India's relations
with the Arab world. The Governments in West Asia and North
Africa responded enthusiastically to the, initiative taken by the)
new Government to foster closer, political and economic relations
with countries in this region. The decision of the Government
of India to accord full diplomatic status to the PLO was warmly
welcomed. This was a clear demonstration of India's consistent,
steadfast and sincere support to the Palestinian people. The
Chairman of Palestine Liberation Organisation, Mr. Yasser
Arafat, visited Delhi and had extensive discussions with the Prime
Minister and the Minister of External Affairs. The visit of Arafat
to India produced very favourable reactions among the Arab
countries and several Heads of State personally expressed
their appreciation for India's gesture.
pg22
India continued to affirm its principled stand in favour of the
restoration of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people and
withdrawal by Israel from all Arab territories under its, illegal
occupation. It condemned the enactment by Israel of the so,
called "Basic Law" on Jerusalem whereby that country had
declared Jerusalem as its capital.
Indo-Egyptian relations in the political sphere are friendly
and amicable. The Egyptian Minister of State for Foreign
Affairs, Dr. Boutros Ghali visited India from 2 to 4 April 1980.
Airline services between India and Egypt which had been
suspended in 1979 were resumed.
Indo-Syrian relations are very close and continued to be
friendly and cordial. The Syrian Deputy Minister for Foreign
Affairs, H. E. Mr. Nasser Khaddour passed through Delhi in
April 1980 and held mutual consulations.
Relations with the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
continued to be friendly and cordial. After Mrs. Gandhi's elec-
tion victory, PDRY's interest in India increased tremendously.
The President of the PDRY is scheduled to visit Delhi in the near
future. Foreign Minister, Salem Saleh Mohammed who came to
attend the Non-Aligned Conference in Delhi as well as the
Defence Minister Col. Antar met the Prime Minister and had a
detailed exchange of views. Economic and Commercial relations
also progressed further.
India's relations, with the Yemen Arab Republic in the politi-
cal sphere are friendly and amicable. The visit of the Minis-
ter of Communications in January 1981 gave a substantial fillip
to these relations. The YAR Government has decided to open
its Embassy in Delhi shortly. The conclusion of a Civil Aviation
Agreement between the two countries and the starting of Yemen
Airways flight to India was another landmark.
The visit of the Algerian Foreign Minister to India in early
1980 was a part of the grownig Indo-Algerian bilateral relations
in the political as well as in economic and commercial spheres.
An Indo-Algerian Scientific and Technical Co-operation Agree-
ment was signed during the Algerian Foreign Minister's visit.
Economic cooperation with Libya accelerated sharply during
the year which was evidence of the friendly and cordial relation-
ship between the two countries. Indian companies are executing
50 projects in Libya of a total value of about Rs. 1,700/- crores.
pg23
There are about 40,000 Indian nationals working in Libya in
different capacities, including 4,000 experts deputed to various
Departments of the Libyan Government.
Shri P. C. Sethi, then Minister of Works & Housing, visited
Tripoli as a special envoy of the Prime, Minister in October 1980.
Dr. Charanjit Chanana, Minister of State for Industry, led the
Indian delegation to the 3rd meeting of the Indo-Libyan Joint
Commission held in Tripoli from 25 February to 2 March 1981,
at which projects for future co-operation were identified and
several decisions were taken to further widen the area of econo-
mic cooperation.
Shri S. B. Chavan, Minister of Education and Social Welfare,
visited Rabat from 9 to 13 January 1981 and held discussions
with the Prime Minister and Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Cultural
and Education. An Indo-Moroccan Cultural and Scientific Co-
operation Agreement was signed.
The Moroccan Foreign Trade Minister is expected to visit
India in March 1981 to sign Indo-Morocco Trade Agreement
and agreement on Economic and Technical cooperation.
A special envoy of the President of Tunisia visited Delhi in
April 1980. Tunisia opened a resident Mission in New Delhi at
Ambassadorial level.
Sep 20, 1980 | TOP |
| AFRICA (SOUTH OF THE SAHARA)
|
CHAPTER V
AFRICA (SOUTH OF THE SAHARA)
India continued to pursue its policy of opposition to racial-
ism, colonialism and apartheid. It extended moral and material
support to the African liberation movements in their struggle
for freedom and to realise their human and political rights.
The policy of racial discrimination and apartheid followed
by South Africa was condemned and total boycott of that
country was observed in diplomatic, consular, commercial, cul-
tural including sports and other fields. India condemned the
illegal occupation by South Africa of South-West Africa
(Namibia). It extended moral and material support to the
South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) fighting
for the independence of Namibia. It was India's hope that the
time-frame agreed to by SWAPO, the Frontline States and South
Africa for starting the implementation of the U.N. resolution in
March 1981 would result in the attainment of independence by
Namibia by the end of 1981.
In pursuance of the UN Secretary General's report of Nov 24, 1980
regarding implementation of Resolution 435,
the Pre-Implementation Meeting was held in Geneva from 7 to 14
January, 1981. The purpose of the meeting was to agree to a
date for the cease-fire and start implementing the Resolution
435, leading to Namibia's independence by the end of 1981.
The meeting was attended by the SWAPO delegation headed by
President of the SWAPO, Sam Nujoma and by the South Africa
delegation headed by the South African Administrator General
of Namibia, Danie Hough. The Frontline States and Nigeria,
the GAU and the Contact Group of five Western powers also
attended as observers. South Africa as usual showed its intran-
sigence. Its delegate felt that the UN had disqualified itself
from supervising free and fair elections in Namibia by recognis-
ing SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the
people of Namibia. He said South Africa could not agree to it
definite date for implementation until the UN demonstrates its
impartiality. The SWAPO delegate was reasonable in his
approach and expressed his desire to sign a cease-fire agreement
and to agree to a target date for the arrival of UNTAG in
pg24
pg25
Namibia. He said since South Africa had not agreed, SWAPO
was left with no alternative but to continue with the liberation
struggle.
India continued to strengthen its ties with the friendly coun-
tries of Africa. The visit of President Kaunda of Zambia to
India, in September, 1980, helped to promote friendly ties with
that country. At the end of his visit four protocols were signed
for cooperation with that country in the fields of trade, industry,
agriculture and small-scale industries.
The visit of the Minister of Foreign Trade and of the
Minister of State for Ports and Surface Transport of Mozambi-
que to India marked closer economic and technical cooperation
with that country. India also gifted medicines and rice worth
about Rs. 40 lakhs to Mozambique.
India welcomed the peaceful transition to democratically
elected government in Uganda after more than 8 years of dic-
tatorial rule of former President Idi Amin and one year of un-
certain political situation. India contributed its share in this
transition by way of deputing Shri K. R. P. Singh, a senior
retired Indian Foreign Service official, as one of the Common-
wealth Observers who observed the Ugandan elections which
resulted in the coming to power of President Milton Obote.
India expressed its desire to cooperate with the new Government
in their task of national rehabilitation and development of their
economy. During 1980 around 25 crores of rupees special
commercial credits were extended to Uganda by Indian bank-
ing institutions.
India's traditional friendly relations with Kenya were further
strengthened with the visit of Kenyan Minister of Education to
India and the visit of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha to Kenya.
Indo-Kenyan relations received a boost with the visit of
President Daniel T. Arap Moi to India from 22 to 27 February
1981 during which three agreements-a Cultural Agreement, an
Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement and a Trade
Agreement-were signed. These Agreements are expected to
further expand and consolidate the already existing- friendly
relations between the two countries. Major areas of cooperation
envisaged in these agreements include research and training in
the fields of education, science and technology, sports and mass
media, exchange of personnel in the fields of engineering, medi-
cine, education and agriculture expansion and diversification of
pg26
trade as well as setting up of joint ventures in various fields, and
provision of training and manufacturing facilities.
India welcomed the recent initiative taken by the Presidents
of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia at their recent Summit
held in Kampala, capital of Uganda in January 1981 to further
strengthen the mutual cooperation for national economic deve-
lopment and security.
The establishment of the resident Indian High Commission
in Seychelles marked the consolidation of India's friendly rela-
tions with that country.
Prime Minister Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam of Mauritious
visited India in October/November 1980. The visit provided
an opportunity for exchange of views at the highest level on
subjects of mutual interest.
It was agreed with Angola to establish formal diplomatic
relations.
Sardar Swaran Singh, Special Emissary of the Prime Minister,
visited Nigeria in September 1980. The visit provided a use-
ful opportunity for exchange of views on bilateral and inter-
national matters. During the year several Parliamentary dele-
gations and Governors of different Nigerian States visited India
thereby giving opportunity for broader interaction between India
and Nigeria.
India and Senegal signed a memorandum of understanding
on deputation of experts. An agreement was reached for co-
operation in the field of science and technology in February
1980. The Senegalese Mission in New Delhi was one of the
22 missions closed down by the Government of Senegal during
1980 as a measure of overall economy. India was assured
that this was a temporary economic measure and did not reflect.
on close friendly relations between India and Senegal.
Nov 24, 1980 | TOP |
| EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE
|
CHAPTER VI
EUROPE
WESTERN EUROPE
India's relations with the countries of Western Europe
remained cordial and were further strengthened by exchange
of high-level visits and intensive cooperation in economic,
technical and cultural fields.
Western Europe is one of the most important areas of
trade for India. The number of EEC countries increased
to 10 with the inclusion of Greece from the beginning of 1981.
They account for nearly 30% of India's global trade. Discus-
sions continued on the signing of a new cooperation agreement
with EEC. The President of the European Parliament, Madame
Simone Veil and also an Euro-Parliamentary delegation are
soon expected to visit India.
Western Europe continued to be an important source
of development cooperation assistance to India both multilaterally
and bilaterally. The major donor countries have been UK,
France, the FRG, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark and
Norway. There was a certain curtailment of British assistance,
as part of a global policy in this direction of the British Govern-
ment. The countries of Western Europe were also an important
source of technical and financial investment in India.
During the year, atention in Europe was focussed on the
CSCE meeting in Madrid, the current state of detente, and the
deteriorating economic situation. The Brandt Commission
report and the efforts to find ways and means of implementing
its recommendations also drew attention. The Minister of
External Affairs attended the meeting of Foreign Ministers in
Vienna for preparations for a meeting of Heads of Government
in Mexico in 1981.
India took part in the Senior Commonwealth officials meet-
ing in Nicosia in November 1980.
India's relations with UK were marked by frequent exchange
of views on bilateral and international matters. Lord Carring-
ton, speaking at the annual dinner of the Indo-British
Association in London on Nov 19, 1980 remarked that
pg27
pg28
there were few countries with whom their relations were so
rich as with India.
The Indian Posts and Telegraphs Board issued a special
stamp in commemoration of the late Lord Mountbatten.
As promised in the Conservative Party manifesto for the
1979 elections, a new British Nationality Law to define entitle-
ment to citizenship and right of abode was proposed in British
Parliament in January 1981. Earlier, the new Immigration
Regulations came into force in March 1980. They contained
measures to curtail the entry of immigrants as dependents or
male fiances.
In July 1980, a White Paper was published proposing a new
Nationality Law. Basically, it proposes three categories of
citizenship :
(i) British citizenship;
(ii) Citizenship of British dependent territories, and
(iii) British Overseas citizenship.
The proposal has been criticised as making immigrants second
class citizens. The Indian High Commissioner presented an
aide memoire to the British Home Secretary on 12 November
1980 conveying India's concern on some of the provisions
contained in the new Nationality Law. India continued to
remain in close touch with the British authorities on various
matters concerning people of Indian origin settled in Britain
and Indian visitors to that country.
Prince Charles visited India from 23 November to 6 Decem-
ber 1980. The visit of Prince Charles was essentially in the
nature of a goodwill visit. His programme gave Mm exposure
to a wide cross section of India as well as familiarity with its
economic and social development efforts.
An Italian company Ansaldo Amn, a subsidiary of Fin
Mecanico, signed an agreement in October 1980 for construc-
tion of the Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station located
in Andhra Pradesh. The project is partly financed by IDA
credit (US dollars 200 million) and IBRD loan (US dollars
50 million).
The first meeting of the Indo-Italian representatives under
the Cultural Agreement of 1976 took place in 1980 and a 2
year programme of cultural exchanges was chalked out.
pg29
The Foreign Minister of Italy, H.E. Mr. Emilio Colombo,
visited India in February 1981. The discussions covered the
current international political and economic situation and a
variety of bilateral questions and helped to strengthen relations
between the two countries and their mutual cooperation.
As a follow-up to the protocols for cooperation signed
during the visit of the French President to India in January
1980, an agreement was signed on French assistance in setting
up an Aluminium Complex in Orissa.
The multi-faceted relationship with the Federal. Republic of
Germany progressed satisfactorily. The Prime Minister had an
occasion for an exchange of views with Chancellor Schmidt in
Belgrade while attending President Tito's funeral.
The President of the Federal Republic of Germany, H.E.
Mr. Carl Carstens, made, a State visit to India in early March
1981. The President was accompanied by the Deputy Chan-
cellor and Foreign Minister Mr. Genscher. The visit helped to
further consolidate the friendly relations and cooperation bet-
ween India and the FRG.
The visiting statesmen and Indian leaders held intensive
discussions on promting detente and disarmament as well as the
North-South dialogue.
The FRG Government introduced visas for Indian visitors
in July 1980. India, was forced to follow suit in October. The
diplomatic and official passport holders will remain exempt.
The FRG Government said that there was a growing
increase in asylum seekers from many other developing coun-
tries in that country as a result of the generous German asylum
laws. The visa waiver arrangement with some other countries
was also given up.
The close relations with the Netherlands saw an upturn
with the holding of an exclusive Indian Engineering Goods Fair
at Rotterdam. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha was present
there on the occasion. More than 100 Indian companies
participated in the Fair. The Dutch Government gave special
attention to diversifying and further strengthening of bilateral
relations and Prince Claus, Consort of Queen Beatrix and
Adviser to the International Cooperation Ministry visited India
in February 1981.
pg30
As regards the Iberian Peninsula, the Spanish Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Carlos Robbles Piquer, visited New
Delhi for an exchange of views with the Minister of External
Affairs and the Foreign Secretary. A cultural agreement between
India and Portugal was signed in Lisbon. For this purpose,
the Education Minister went to Portugal. Many Indian
scholars took part in the second conference on Indo-Portuguese
history in Portugal.
The President of the Republic of Cyprus, Spyros Kyprianou,
visited India in October 1980. An agreement on cultural
cooperation was signed by the Cyprus Foreign Minister and the
Minister of Education and Social Welfare of India during the
visit. India decided to open a resident diplomatic Mission in
Nicosia. In the joint communique issued after the visit, India
reiterated its stand of support for the sovereignty, territorial
integrity, unity and Don-aligned satus of Cyprus, welcomed the
resumption of inter-communal talks under the UN auspices and
wished these talks success.
The Scandinavian countries continued to maintain close rela-
tions with India. Their attitude was marked by their sympathy
for the aspirations of the developing countries. The Prime
Minister of Denmark, Mr. Anker Jorgensen, paid a visit on the
invitation of the Indian Prime Minister. There was an exten-
sive exchange of views on matters of international importance
and of bilateral concern. An agreement for Danish assistance
worth Rs. 18 crores was signed by the two Prime Ministers for
strengthening of health services in sonic districts of Madhya
Pradesh.
The Norwegian Foreign Minister Mr. Knut Frydenlund came
to Delhi on 29 December. Besides the Minister of External
Affairs, he held meeting with the Ministers of Petroleum and
Finance. An Agreement was signed by the Norwegian Foreign
minister and the Finance Minister of India regarding technical
and economic cooperation. This laid down the terms under which
Norway would provide development assistance for projects as
also for consultants, equipment and training.
Parliamentary delegations from many West European coun-
tries visited India.
The USSR and Eastern Europe
India's relations with the Soviet Union and other countries of
Eastern Europe gained in dynamism and versatility through the
pg31
working of the joint commissions for economic, industrial, techni-
cal and scientific co-operation set up with those countries and
through the exchange of high level visits.
The Indian President, Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy visited the
Soviet Union from 29 September to 6 October 1980. During his
stay in Moscow the Indian President had talks with President
Brezhnev on topical international questions and ways and means
of further strengthening Indo-Soviet relations. Besides Moscow
the President also visited Leningrad, Volgograd and Tbilisi.
From the Soviet side, the most important visit was that of
President Brezhnev to India from 7 to 11 December 1980. The
Soviet President was accompanied by a distinguished delegation
amongst whom were the Foreign Minister, Mr. A. A. Gromyko
and the First Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. I. V. Arkhipov. During
the stay of the Soviet President in Delhi he discussed with the
Indian leaders a large number of questions, especially those of
direct concern to the two countries. On the bilateral aspects,
Lido-Soviet discussions focussed on the further strengthening of
co-operation between the two countries.
The Prime Minister of India and the President of the USSR
signed an agreement on economic and technical co-operation. It
provided inter alia, for development of Indo-Soviet co-operation
in the field of power, coal mining and oil exploration over and
above the traditional co-operation in ferrous metallurgy. The
agreement also provided for a Soviet credit of Rbls. 520 million
to finance the essential import requirements for some of these
projects.
The three other documents signed were a trade agreement; a
protocol on co-operation in the field of cinematography and a
programme of cultural, scientific and educational exchanges for
the year 1981-82.
In response to India's request, the Soviet side also agreed to,
increase its supplies of crude oil from the current level of 1.5
million tonnes to 2.5 million tonnes annually and of oil products
from 1.9 million tonnes to 2.25 million tonnes for the next five
years.
On the political side, there were wide ranging discussions on
bilateral and international matters including developments in our
region.
The visits of Rao Birendra Singh, Minister of Agriculture top
the USSR, from 1 to 8 September 1980, and of Shri N. D.
pg32
Tiwari, Minister of Planning, from 20 to 29 October 1980, de-
monstrated the desire of the two sides to strengthen cooperation
in these fields.
India's political and economic relations with countries of Eas-
tern Europe were similarly strengthened during the year.
The President of India, Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy visited the
People's Republic of Bulgaria, from 7 to 12 October. During
his stay in the capital city of Sofia, he had detailed talks on a
wide range of subjects of mutual interest with the President of
Bulgaria, Mr. Todor Zhivkov. The President also visited Stara
Zagora and Varna.
Other distinguished visitors from India to Bulgaria included
the Hon'ble Speaker, Shri Balram Jhakhar, from 8 to 12 Sep-
tember 1980, the Vice President of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), Professor Nurul Hasan from 6 to 10
August 1980 and the Minister of State for Education, Smt. Sheila
Kaul from 2 to 8 December 1980.
India played host to a high level delegation from Bulgaria led
by the BCP Central Committee Secretary and Politburo Member,
Mr. Grisha Philipov. The delegation held discussions in Delhi
and visited various industrial centres to acquaint themselves with
India's industrial and economic development.
Concurrent with the visit of the delegation, the session of the
Indo-Bulgarian Joint Commission was held in Delhi from 20 June
to 1 July 1980. The Commission reviewed economic and indus-
trial co-operation between the two countries and sought to identify
new areas for developing still closer economic co-operation for
mutual benefit.
H.E. Madame Lyudmila Zhivkova, Member of Politburo of
the Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party and Chair-
man of the Committee for Culture of the People's Republic of
Bulgaria, visited India during February 1981. She held impor-
tant discussions with the Minister for Education and Culture and
signed a cultural exchange programme jointly with him. She attend-
ed the inauguration of Bulgarian exhibition of Thracian Art and
Culture at the National Museum, besides visiting various cultural
and educational centres of interest. She also attended the first
meeting of the Auroville International Advisory Council, of which
she is a member, on 27 February 1981 under the Chairman-
ship of the Minister of External Affairs.
ADDENDUM
Add the following on page 32 of the report after the
words "in these fields.":
The Sixth Session of the Indo-Soviet Joint Commission
for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation was
held on 22nd and 23rd January, 1981 to review the progress
of the Indo-Soviet cooperation and to work out modalities
for further cooperation. The deliberations of the Joint Com-
mission indicated that substantial progress had been
achieved in the implementation of the working programmes
of cooperation in important fields like ferrous and non-
ferrous metallurgy, coal industry, oil, machine building,
power and irrigation. The Commission also discussed con-
crete measures for implementation of various projects in
vital sectors of the Indian economy such as ferrous metal-
lurgy, coal, power, oil etc. envisaged in the Agreement on
Economic and Technical Cooperation of 10th December,
1980. With a view to monitoring the implementation of the
working programmes of cooperation in the fields of power
and coal industries, the Commission decided to set up inter-
governmental working groups in these two sectors. It was
also agreed that a standing working group would be set up
to coordinate and supervise the progress of implementation
of the Long-Term Programme. The Sixth Session of the
Joint Commission which reviewed the ongoing programmes
of cooperation as well as explored new projects has given a
further impetus to the strengthening of economic ties be-
tween India and the Soviet Union.
pg33
An Indian Parliamentary delegation, led by Shri Balram
Jhakhar, visited Hungary from 1 to 8 September. During his stay
in Budapest the Hon'ble Speaker had meetings with the Hunga-
rian President. Mr. Pal Losonczi and the Hungarian Foreign
Minister, Mr. Frigyes Puja.
Problems of trade and economic co-operation between India
and Hungary came up for discussion during the visits of Shri
Jyoti Basu, Chief Minister of West Bengal from 28 to 30 July
1980 and the Minister of Commerce, Shri Pranab Mukherjee
from 14 to 17 September 1980.
The 4th session of the Indo-Hungarian Joint Economic Com-
mission was held in New Delhi from 10 to 15 November 1980.
The Protocol concluded at the end of the fourth session identified
new areas of co-operation such as Codeine, computer peripherals,
data systems, and the supply of equipment for Asian games.
The two sides also agreed to explore new forms of increasing trade
turnover through processing of intermediates and buy-back of
finished products.
The Minister of Information & Broadcasting, Shri Vasant
Sathe, visited Czechoslovakia from 27 June to 10 July 1980.
It was agreed during his visit that Indo-Czechoslovak Coopera-
lion in the field of information could be further strengthened.
A Parliamentary delegation led by the President of the Czech-
oslovak National Assembly and Politburo Member, Mr. Alois
Indra, visited India from 18 to 20 November 1980. The 9th
session of the Indo-Czechoslovak Commission was held in Delhi
from 15 to 18 December 1980. It reviewed the progress of Indo-
Czechoslovak cooperation and identified some new areas for
strengthening Indo-Czechoslovak cooperation.
India's relations with Romania continued to develop to mutual
benefit. The Minister of Commerce, Shri Pranab Kumar Muk-
herjee visited Romania from 21 to 24 October leading the Indian
delegation to the 5th session of the Indo-Romanian Joint Com-
mission. The protocol of this session, besides reviewing the
progress in the fields of Indo-Romanian cooperation in ferrous
metallurgy and power, concretised projects for cooperation in the
fields of automotive industries, metallurgical industry, electronics,
petro-chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
A high powered delegation from Romania, led by Mr. Ion
Avram visited India from 15 to 20 June to explore prospects for
pg34
closer Indo-Romanian cooperation. During this stay in Delhi Mr.
Avram had detailed discussions with various Ministers of the Gov-
ernment of India. A long term trade and payments agreement
between India and Romania was signed during the visit of Deputy
Prime Minister Cornel Burtica to India from 1 to 5 December
1980.
With Yugoslavia, India's relations have been marked by close
cooperation in the Non-aligned Movement over the last twenty
years. At the invitation of the Prime Minister, the President of
the Federal Executive Council, Mr. Djuranovic, visited Delhi
from 26 to 28 September 1980. The two Prime Ministers dis-
cussed important international questions and also ways and
means of strengthening bilateral relations. Particular attention
was devoted to ways of exploring how the Non-aligned Move-
ment could become more effective in dealing with the challenges
before it. It was agreed that the two countries would institu-
tionalise contact between their planning organisations.
The Thirteenth Session of the Indo-Yugoslav Joint Committee
for Economic Cooperation was hold in New Delhi from 16 to 19
February 1981. The Indian delegation was led by Shri Pranab
Mukherjee, Union Minister of Commerce, Steel and Mines, and
the Yugoslav delegation by H.E. Mr. Metod Rotar, their Foreign
Trade Minister. At the conclusion of the meeting, the two
Ministers signed a protocol setting out the objectives which the
two countries aim to achieve in the fields of industrial cooperation,
trade, science and technology, and banking and financial arrange-
ments. An Indo-Yugoslav Programme of Cooperation in the
fields of Science and Technology for the years 1981-82 was also
signed.
The Fourth Session of the Indo-GDR Joint Commission on
Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation was held in New
Delhi from 12 to 20 February 1981. A Protocol was signed by
the Co-Chairmen of the Joint Commission, the Union Minister
of State for Industry, Dr. Charanjit Chanana and H.E. Dr. Ger-
hard Weiss, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of
the Government of the German Democratic Republic. Among
other things, the two sides agreed to expand and diversify the
two way transfer of technology. It was agreed to make concert-
ed efforts for increasing supply of industrial machinery and engi-
neering goods from India to GDR particularly in the field of
textile machinery. It was also decided to further intensify co-
operation between the two countries in the field of third country
projects. A number of such projects are being implemented in
pg35
Libya and more such projects have been identified in countries
such as Angola, Algeria and Iraq.
The Polish Commerce Minister, who visited India from 15
to 18 January 1981, had talks with the Indian Prime Minister,
the Minister of External Affairs and the Commerce Minister. A
long-term trade agreement was signed during his visit.
An Indian delegation, led by the Hon'ble Speaker, Shri Bal-
ram Jhakhar, visited Berlin to attend the International Parliamen-
tary Union. During his stay in the GDR, the Hon'ble Speaker
was received by Mr. Horst Sindermann, President of the GDR
National Assembly. | TOP |
| THE AMERICAS
|
CHAPTER VII
THE AMERICAS
North America
India's friendly relations with the United States remained on
an even keel and were characterised by regular exchange of visits
by officials of the two countries. This inter-change enhanced the
stability of Indo-US relations by providing an opportunity to un-
derstand in greater depth each other's approach to major bilateral
and international issues. The continuing dialogue not only enabl-
ed India and the United States to avoid misunderstandings, but
also ensured that India's bilateral relations were founded on the
basis of trust and understanding in spite of the fact that the two
countries occasionally approached international issues from differ-
ing perspectives. Both India and the United States realised the
importance of working together to reduce world tensions and to
achieve peace and cooperation in South Asia. During the course
of the year, the Prime Minister of India and President Carter ex-
changed several letters regarding matters of mutual concern, bila-
teral relations and major developments in the sub-continent and
in the world. This candid exchange of views was also instru-
mental in fostering greater understanding of each other's points
of view.
During his visit to the United States to attend the United
Nations General Assembly, the Minister of External Affairs, Shri
P. V. Narasimha Rao, met US Secretary of State Edmund Muskie
for talks in early October. Later in the same month, Indo-US
bialteral talks were held in Washington during which both bila-
teral relations and various international issues were reviewed in
depth. Among the subjects discussed in the bilateral field were
Indo-US trade relations and the prospects of continuing nuclear
cooperation.
India appointed Shri K. R. Narayanan, a distinguished diplo-
mat and scholar as its Ambassador in Washington and he arrived
at his post in October, 1980.
The President and the Prime Minister sent congratulatory
messages to Mr. Ronald Reagan on his election victory as Well as
pg36
pg37
on his inauguration as the President of the United States, express-
ing the hope that Indo-US relations would continue to grow dur-
ing his Presidency.
In the aftermath of developments in Afghanistan, several visits
were exchanged between the two countries to apprise each other
of their respective policies and perceptions concerning the situa-
tion in Afghanistan. Shri Eric Gonsalves, Secretary in the Min-
istry, visited the United States to explain India's view-point. In
these meetings, India expressed the need for defusing the situation
and its belief that a political and negotiated way had to be found
to facilitate the Soviet withdrawal. India conveyed to the United
States its deep concern over that country's decision to bolster
Pakistan's military strength as such a step could only aggravate
tensions in the region.
Another problem which continued to cause India concern was
the question of the supply of nuclear fuel for Tarapur. Only after
the Senate, in late September, had allowed President Carter's
Executive Order, did India receive one of the two pending ship-
ments of enriched uranium for Tarapur. While welcoming this
development as a positive step for continued Indo-US cooperation
in the nuclear field, India regretted the fact that the second and
subsequent shipments of nuclear fuel had been made subject to
the fulfilment of certain extraneous conditions. The United States
was informed that India looked forward to receiving regular sup-
plies, in keeping with the 1963 Agreement and the Schedule for
supplies mutually agreed upon in 1976, and that it would not con-
sider itself obliged to honour any conditions extraneous to the
Agreement.
India could not agree with the rationale of the imposition of
countervailing duties on Indian imports to the United States with-
out the application of the Injury Test, following the latter's deci-
sion not to apply the Subsidies Code between the two countries.
The matter is currently under discussion in the forum of GATT.
India noted with increasing concern that an area in which the
two countries appeared to be following divergent policies was the
continuing military build-up by the United States in the Indian
Ocean area. The US Under Secretary of Defence, Mr. Robert
Komer and Admiral R. L. Long, Commander-in-Chief of the
Pacific American Armed Forces, visited India to explain the
rationale behind the decision of the United States to deploy forces
in the Indian Ocean, India made it clear that increased military
presence on the part of big powers would only serve to exacerbate
pg38
tensions in the region. It was stressed that the best way to main-
tain peace and strengthen the security of the littoral States was
for these external powers to terminate, at the earliest possible, all
military, naval and air presence in this area.
All four Sub-Commissions set up under the Indo-US Joint
Commission held meetings during the course of the year. These
included the first meeting of the newly constituted Sub-Commis-
Sion on Agriculture. The Sub-Commission meetings continued
to make a valuable contribution towards enlarging bilateral co-
operation in various fields. The Joint Commission itself, how-
ever, was unable to meet as a mutually convenient date for this
purpose could not be found. This, however, did not detract from
the great value such a Commission had in adding depth to Indo-
US relations by providing an institutionalised forum for meaning-
ful interchanges leading to the expansion of mutually agreed areas
of cooperation.
India and Canada continued to develop close and friendly re-
lations. The practice of holding annual bilateral official talks,
initiated last year, was continued and a meeting was held in Ottawa
in October. During this meeting officials of the two countries
exchanged views covering a broad sweep of both bilateral relations
and major international issues.
South and Central Americas and the Caribbean
India paid greater attention to developing relations with the
countries of Latin America, and the Caribbean. The Minister of
External Affairs visited Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela during the
year.
In order to focus attention on Latin America, a seminar on
Simon Bolivar, General San Martin and the Liberation Move-
ments in South America, was held by the Indian Council for
Cultural Relations (ICCR) in collaboration with the Ministry.
Participants included eminent scholars from Latin America as well
as academicians and officials from India.
Cuba and India cooperated in different international fora in
their common objective of reducing tension and achieving peace.
At the invitation of the Government of Cuba, the Minister of Ex-
ternal Affairs visited Havana in October. He held intensive dis-
cussions with President Fidel Castro and other Cuban leaders, on
the international situation, the non-aligned movement and Indo-
Cuban bilateral relations. The Cuban Foreign Minister, Mr.
pg39
Isidoro Malmierca Peoli, visited India in April to discuss the
Afghan situation and subsequently in December to exchange views
on finding a peaceful solution to the Iran-Iraq conflict.
At the invitation of the Government of Mexico, the Minister
of External Affairs visited Mexico City in October. He had dis-
cussions with President H. E. Mr. Jose Lopez Portillo and other-
Mexican leaders on the international situation, the North-South
dialogue and bilateral relations. Earlier in April, the Mexican
Minister for Patrimony and Industrial Development, Mr. Jose
Andres Oteyza, had visited India. A number of other visits at
official level identified possibilities of closer Indo-Mexican eco-
nomic relations in the near future. Mexico also agreed to supply
1.5 million tonnes of oil per annum from January 1981. This
was the first such agreement signed by India with a country of
Latin America.
The President of Mexico, His Excellency Mr. Jose Lopez
Portillo, paid a State visit to India from Jan 25, 1981 to 30 January 1981.
He was the first distinguished statesman from Latin America to,
be the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations, a fact which
symbolised the growing bilateral relations and cooperation bet-
ween Mexico and India. Discussions between the Prime Minister
and the President of Mexico, as reflected in the comprehensive
Joint Communique issued at the conclusion of the visit, reflected
wide similarity of views held by the two countries on the prob-
lems evident today in the international arena. The visit is ex
pected to provide an impetus to expansion and concretisation of
cooperation between the two countries in various fields.
In October-November 1980, a three-member delegation from
Trinidad & Tobago led by Hon. Kamaluddin Mohammed, Min-
ister for Health & Local Government and consisting of Hon.
Cuthbert Joseph, Minister for Education & Culture and Hon.
Selwyn Richardson, Attorney General and Minister for Legal
Affairs, visited India as a part of a goodwill mission. This visit
was the first of its kind from Trinidad & Tobago during the last
decade. The Ministers not only had discussions with Indian
leaders but also visited scientific and industrial establishments
to have a first hand knowledge of India's scientific and technolo-
gical progress. The goodwill mission also included a Steel Band
Orchestra which performed in Bombay and Delhi, under the
auspices of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
For furthering economic relations, the Association of Indian
Engineering industries (AIEI) visited Chile, Argentina, Brazil and
Mexico in August 1980. On the occasion of this Mission's visit,
pg40
UNIDO, ECLA and AIEI sponsored and organised a three-day
conference in Santiago, Chile, the Headquarters of the Economic
Commission for Latin America (ECLA)--from 4 to 6 August
1980. The Conference was unique in that it was the first time
UNIDO and the Economic Commission for Latin America were
supporting a programme for closer cooperation between India
and Latin American industries. The Conference was attended
by delegations from 11 countries of Latin America and the Carib-
bean. The Mission also visited Argentina, Brazil and Mexico
to develop joint ventures arrangements, to discuss cooperation
and trade and to collect and disseminate technical and statistical
information. Similarly, an Indian Commercial delegation visit-
ed Cuba in October 1980, on an invitation from the Chamber of
Commerce of Cuba. During the visit, the delegation explored
the possibility of export of Indian Railway equipment, sugar mill
machinery and other equipment to Cuba and collaboration in
third countries. Another delegation from the Kudremukh Iron
Ore Company, visited Trinidad & Tobago to explore possibility
of the export of iron ore concentrate.
Indian experts, doctors and technicians continued to be held
in high esteem in the countries of Latin America and the Carib-
bean and there was increasing demand for these experts, particu-
larly from the countries in the Caribbean. At present, there are
a number of Indian experts in: Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana and
Trinidad & Tobago.
Jan 25, 1981 | TOP |
| UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
|
CHAPTER VIII
UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCES
India played host to the Second Regional Conference of the
Commonwealth Heads of Government (CHOGRM II) held in
New Delhi from Sep 04, 1980 to 8 September, 1980. It also played host
to the Conference of Foreign Ministers of Non-aligned countries
held in February 1981. The successful conclusion of this Con-
ference was in no small part due to the crucial role played by
India as its Chairman. As in the past, India participated actively
in a number of important conferences during the year. These
included the World Conference of the UN Decade for Women
held in Copenhagen from 14 to 30 July 1980.
Important UN events during the period under review in-
cluded the Seventh Emergency Special, Session on the Question of
Palestine, held from 22 to 29 July 1980, and the Eleventh Special
Session of the General Assembly on Global economic matters, held
from 25 August to 15 September 1980. All these sessions were
held in New York.
The World Conference of the UN Decade for Women was
held at Copenhagen, Denmark, from 14 to 30 July '80. The
Indian delegation, led by Smt. Sheila Kaul, the present Minister
of State for Education and Social Welfare, played a prominent
and constructive role a! the Conference. A programme of action
containing measures designed to improve the status of women
in all spheres of activity was adopted at the conclusion of the
Conference by 85 votes in favour, 4 against (Israel, USA, Canada
and Australia) and 25 abstentions.
India, along with 74 countries, signed the UN Convention on
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
The Second Regional Conference of the Commonwealth
Heads of Government (CHOGRM-II) was held in New Delhi
from 4 to 8 September 1980. The President of Bangladesh, Kiri-
bati, Nauru, Sri Lanka and the Prime Ministers of Australia, Fiji,
India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua, New Guinea, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western Samoa
pg41
pg42
attended the Conference. The Conference was inaugurated by the
President of India, Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who described it
as a opportunity to the leaders of the member-countries to
reflect on international relations from the point of view of our
regional perspective." Prime Minister Indira Gandhi presided over
the Conference. Welcoming the participating Heads of State/
Government, she pointed to the uncertainty all around, with the
collision of interests between powerful nations "imperilling stabi-
lity and peaceful development of countries in our vicinity." She
called upon the member-countries to build "a bridge of understand-
ing between the great powers".
The Conference adopted a 15-page communique covering
various political and economic issues. The communique under-
lined the need for finding peaceful political solutions to the prob-
lems concerning Afghanistan and Kampuchea. On the Indian
Ocean, the Conference appealed to the great Powers to remove the
existing sources of tension in the area. On West Asia, the com-
munique underlined the inalienable rights of the Palestinians and
the need to solve the problem on the basis of UN resolutions.
While restraint marked the Conference's approach to politi-
cal issues, the desire to explore new avenues of cooperation among
the member-states was underlined in its deliberations on the eco-
nomic and trade issues. The Conference noted with concern that
protectionism was on the increase particularly against the labour
intensive or lower cost exports of countries of the region. Most
developing countries, the communique said, had severe balance
of payments problems and they needed greater export opportuni-
ties in order to pay for their imports mainly from developed
countries. The developed countries, in particular those exercis-
ing major influence over world trade, it was stated, should not
seek to avoid the realities of international competitiveness and
should make a determined effort to liberalise trade through adop-
tion of "positive adjustment policies".
The Conference also agreed to broaden the terms of reference
of the consultative group, which was constituted at the 1978 re-
gional conference in Sydney, to include economic development
issues in order that the potential for development of member coun-
tries may be explored in a more effective manner.
The Seventh Emergency Special Session of the UN General
Assembly on the question of Palestine was held in New York
from 22 to 29 July 1980. The session was convened at the
initiative of the Non-aligned countries. More than 100 States
pg43
participated in the debate. About 30 countries were represented
at the session at the Ministerial level. In view of India's close
friendship with the Arab States and principled support for the
Palestinian cause, the Indian delegation to the Emergency Session
was led by the Minister of External Affairs.
At the end of the debate the Assembly adopted two resolutions
on the question of Palestine. The first resolution reaffirmed the
right of the Palestinian people to establish their own independent
State and called for the unconditional withdrawal of Israel from
all the Palestinian and other Arab territories occupied since June
1967, including Jerusalem". It urged that such withdrawal start
before 15 November 1980 and asked the Security Council to
consider the adoption of sanctions in case of non-compliance by
Israel. The resolution was adopted by 112 votes in favour, 7
against and 24 abstentions. Voting against were israel, USA,
Canada, Norway, Australia, Guatemala and the Dominican
Republic.
A second resolution, approved by a vote of 112 in favour
to 5 against with 26 abstentions, asked the UN Committee on
inalienable rights of Palestinian people to study the reasons for
Israel's refusal to comply with relevant United Nations resolu-
tions. As a member of this Committee, India took an active
part in drafting both the resolutions.
The Eleventh Special Session of the UN on Economic
Development was held between 25 August and 15 September
1980. The Principal themes to which the session devoted its
attention were : (i) the launching of a new round of Global
Negotiations; (ii) adoption of the international Development
Strategy for the 3rd UN Development Decade (1981-f990);
and (iii) a review of the progress made towards the achievement
of the New International Economic Order. Both during and
prior to the session, India played an active role in its capacity
as the Chairman of Group of 77 in negotiations with the deve-
loped countries. However, the Committee of the Whole, which
had been designated as the Preparatory Committee for the
Global Round of Negotiations, failed to recommend any con-
crete conclusions to the Special Session.
The Special Session which was to have finalised the agenda,
time-frame and the procedures for the Global Round failed to
do so and in turn remitted this task to the regular session of the
UN General Assembly in the hope that the Global Round could
be launched. The Special Session, however, was able to
pg44
achieve consensus on a text of the International Development
Strategy about the Third Development Decade. This document,
which attempted to chalk out a plan of action through internatio-
nal community, could help the developing countries reach vari-
ous objectives during the Decade. It contained four chapters on
preamble, goals and objectives, policy measures and review and
appraisal mechanism for the Decade. Its text was formally
adopted at the 35th session of the UN General Assembly.
However, detailed statements made by EEC, USA and certain
other developed countries amounted almost to reservation on
the vital portions of the Strategy. These reservations related
basically to fulfilment of targets and commitments by the deve-
loped countries in the field of ODA, industrial re-deployment,
international trade and monetary issues. This indicated that for
some of the developed countries, it was a political document to
which there could not be binding commitments, particularly in
as much as they might have direct or indirect impact upon their
own economies.
With regard to the review of progress towards achievement of
New International Economic Order, the Group of 77 expressed
their disappointment at the lack of meaningful results in this
direction. Concern was expressed at the increasingly deteriora-
ting economic situation in the case of the low-income developing
countries. Interest was expressed in elaboration of the proposals
made by the UN Secretary-General on 3 July 1980 at the Second
Regular Session of ECOSOC in Geneva with regard to an early
action programme in favour of these countries.
At the 35 session of the UN General Assembly, resumed
efforts were made to reach consensus on procedures and the
agenda for the launching of Global Round of Negotiations.
However, very little forward movement has so for taken place.
The issues are expected to be taken up again at the resumed
session of the UN General Assembly in March 1981.
In the Second Committee at the 35th session of the General
Assembly, India-played an active role in the Group of 77 both
in initiating and participating in the drafting of resolutions. This
was particularly so with regard to (a) review of Operational
Activities for Development; (b) UNIDO (United Nations Indus-
trial Development Organisation); (c) ECDC (Economic Co-
operation among Developing Countries), (d) UN Conference
on New and Renewable Sources of Energy; (e) Report of the
pg45
Secretary-General on the Critical Economic Situation facing
many developing countries; and (f) Food & Agriculture in
Africa.
In addition, the Indian delegation also co-sponsored at least
15 other resolutions which were separately introduced in the
Second Committee. India played a particularly active role in the
resolutions on Habitat, Environment, cooperation between
Habitat and UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
and the report of the World Food Council.
Zimbabwe was admitted to the United Nations as the 153rd
member at this Special Session.
Lists of major international conference/meetings/seminars
organised by government/non-government organisations in
which India participated and of which India became a member
are at Appendices I to IV.
The United Nations General Assembly Commenced its 35th
regular session in New York on 16 September 1980. Baron
Rudiger von Wechmar of the Federal Republic of Germany was
elected President of the General Assembly for the session. The
Assembly suspended its session on 16 December 1980 after
completing most of its business. It resumed its session in
March 1981 to consider the remaining items on its agenda, which
are the question of Namibia and the launching of the Global
Round of Negotiations. The Assembly had before it an agenda
of over 120 items covering disarmament, political, economic,
social, human rights, legal and other related issues. A new item
on the agenda on granting of observer status for the Asian-
African Legal Consultative Committee was inscribed at the
initiative of India.
The membership of the UN went up to 154 by the admission
of Saint Vincent and Grenadines, a Caribbean country, as a
new member.
India played an active and constructive role in the delibera-
tions of the General Assembly and its Committees. The Assembly
adopted a large number of resolutions, most of them by con-
sensus. India took major initiatives in tabling or co-sponsoring
a number of resolutions in the plenary as well as in various
Committees.
During the session, India was re-elected as a member of the
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for a further period
pg46
of three years, starting from 1 January 1981. Earlier in the
year, in elections held in ECOSOC, India had been elected to
the Governing Council of United Nations Development Pro-
gramme for a term of three years and re-elected to the Committee
on Programme and Co-ordination (for three years), Committee
on Natural Resources (for four years) and Commission on the
Status of Women (for four years). Shri T.N. Kaul was elected
to the Executive Board of UNESCO at its twentyfirst General
Conference held in Belgrade, from 23 September to 28 October
1980.
The Indian delegation to the 35th session of the General
Assembly was led by Minister of External Affairs. Speaking in
the general debate on 3 October, he referred to the current inter-
national crisis, the responsibility for which rested with the most
powerful nations. He affirmed that the weak and poor nations
had no intention of acquiescing in the danger of Big Power
brinkmanship. The conflicts in South-West and South-East Asia
needed package solutions which took care of the concerns of all
and eliminated all interference by outside powers. Pleading for
the politics of co-operation, he concluded by saying, "sometimes,
looking at great stretches of history, it is difficult to believe that
the ideal of cooperation and working together for the common
good has made much progress. And yet, if we are to avert a
catastrophe, we should resolutely continue on the path of dia-
logue and co-operation and turn away from sterile polemics and
confrontation. All of us perhaps perceive the danger and recog-
nise the challenge, but the will to act has so far been sadly
lacking. Let us, therefore, so readjust our sights and conduct
our affairs that future generations may not condemn our times
as yet another barren stretch in the history of man."
The plenary of the General Assembly adopted as many as
18 resolutions on the question of Apartheid. India cosponsored
all of them. Resolutions on (i) Comprehensive Sanctions
against South Africa, (ii) Cultural, academic and other, boycotts.
of South Africa, (iii) the Role of Transnational Corporations
in South Africa, (iv) International Campaign against Apartheid
and (v) Implementation of UN's Resolutions on Apartheid by
Governments and Inter-governmental Organisations were intro-
duced for the first time. India introduced the resolution on
Campaign for the Release of Political Prisoners in South Africa.
In these resolutions, the Assembly requested the Security Coun-
cil urgently to adopt comprehensive and mandatory sanctions
against the racist regime of South Africa, including oil embargo and
pg47
called upon all governments which had not yet done so, to serve
diplomatic, military, nuclear, economic, cultural, academic and
sports as well as other relations with that regime. The Assem-
bly also requested the Security Council to take mandatory
measures to strengthen the arms embargo and secure the imme-
diate cessation of any form of collaboration with the racist
regime of South Africa in the military and nuclear fields.
The question of Kampuchea remained a controversial item
in the deliberations of the UN General Assembly. As many as
30 speakers made statements on the credentials question, a majo-
rity of them deploring the inhuman atrocities of the Pol Pot
regime. The voting on the credentials question was, however,
74 in favour of the seating of the Pol Pot regime, i.e., Democratic
Kampuchea, 35 against and 32 abstentions. India voted against
the seating of the Pol Pot regime.
The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution sponsored
by the ASEAN countries on the situation in Kampuchea by 97
votes in favour, 23 against and with 22 abstentions. The reso-
lution inter alia called for the convening of an international
conference on Kampuchea early in 1981 which should involve
the participation of all conflicting parties in Kampuchea and
which should give priority to the total withdrawal of foreign troops
from Kampuchea. India abstained because it felt that the deve-
loping atmosphere of dialogue would be disturbed by proposals
for convening an international conference based on resolutions
rejected by the countries directly concerned.
The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on the situ-
ation in Afghanistan on 20 November 1980 by a vote of 111 in
favour, 22 against and 12 abstentions. The resolution inter
alia reiterated the call for the immediate withdrawal of foreign
troops from Afghanistan and contained a provision for the ap-
pointment of a Special Representative of the UN Secretary-
General with a view to Promoting a Political solution to the
Afghan problem. All Western countries, the majority of non-
aligned countries and Latin American States voted in favour of
the resolution. The Soviet Union and the socialist countries
along with Afghanistan, Angola, Cuba, Democratic Yemen, Ethi-
opia, Laos, Madagascar, Mozambique, Syria and Vietnam
voted against. India was one of the 12 countries which abstained.
Others to do so were Algeria, Benin, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo,
Cyprus, Finland, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nicaragua and Zimbabwe.
pg48
Earlier in January 1980, a similar resolution had been
adopted by the General Assembly in an Emergency Special Ses-
sion by a vote of 104 in favour, 18 against and 18 abstentions.
Speaking in the UN General Assembly on 19 November 1980
the Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations
stated that the important elements for achieving a political solu-
tion to the crisis would be the complete cessation of all interfere-
nce or intervention in the internal affairs of States; firm opposition
to the presence of foreign troops in any country; the withdrawal
of existing foreign forces; and the furnishing of complete and
reliable guarantees against all forms of interference. India
abstained on the resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly
on 20 November 1980, because it did not contain all these ele-
ments.
A Resolution on the Indian Ocean was adopted by consensus
by General Assembly. The resolution had been drafted by the
ad hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean, after prolonged nego-
tiations. This was the first time that a resolution on the Indian
Ocean had been adopted by consensus by the United Nations
General Assembly. However, the USA, UK, France and other
Western countries maintained their position that the provisions
of the 1971 UN Declaration were not acceptable to them, espe-
cially with regard to the elimination of Great Power military
presence from the Indian Ocean.
The resolution contained a provision for the convening of the
Conference on the Indian Ocean during 1981 at Colombo.
However, the resolution also requested the ad hoc Committee
"to make every effort, in consideration of the political and seen-
rity climate in the Indian Ocean area, particularly recent deve-
lopments, as well as progress made in the harmonization of views"
to finalise all preparations for the Conference.
India empressed its understanding of the consensus resolu-
tion in the following terms. The resolution clearly and catego-
rically related to "the implementation of the Declaration of the
Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace". Secondly, the decision
taken by the UN General Assembly in 1979 to convene a con-
ference during 1981 in Colombo stood reaffirmed in the present
resolution. Thirdly, the continued escalation of Great Power
military presence in the Indian Ocean and the deteriorating poli-
tical and security situation, far from serving as an exucuse to
postpone the Conference only gives greater urgency to the need
pg49
for its convening. Fourthly, the question of harmonising diffe-
rent approaches which had been referred to in the resolution,
should relate to the modalities of the implementation of the Dec-
laration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. India rejected
any preconditions, unrelated to the implementation of the Dec-
laration for the convening of the Conference. The session of the
ad hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean held in February 1981
ended without any agreement on the dates for the Indian Ocean
Conference.
As in previous years, the General Assembly adopted a reso-
lution, sponsored by Pakistan on the establishment of a Nuclear
Weapon Free Zone in South Asia by 96 votes in favour, 3 (India,
Bhutan and Mauritius) against and 44 abstentions.
India registered its opposition to the Pakistani resolution
both on account of matters of principle and from practical consi-
derations. The setting up of a nuclear weapon free zone, in its
view, must be the result of a common initiative of all States of
a particular region and participation in it must be voluntary. It
was inadmissible for one state in a region to seek to impose such
a zone on other States within the region. South Asia was an
integral and contiguous part of the region of Asia and the Pacific
and could, therefore, not be treated in isolation from the rest of
the region to which it belonged. The Pakistani proposal did not
take into account the geopolitical characteristics of the area con-
cerned and ignored the fact that the security enviroment of the
South Asia region was complicated by the deployment of the
nuclear weapons in the Asia-Pacific theatre and the presence or
foreign military bases in the Indian Ocean.
The question relating to Information was considered in the
Special Political Committe of the General Assembly. A resolu-
tion on behalf of the Group of 77, introduced by Venezuela in
its capacity as Chairman of the Group, was adopted by the
General Asembly without a vote. India took an active and cons-
tractive part in the drafting of the resolution. The Assembly also
adopted the resolution without a vote.
The resolution consisted of 19 preambular paragraphs and
37 operative paragraphs in three separate sections. Note was
taken in the resolution of the discussions at the Twenty-first
session of the General Conference of the UNESCO, held in Bel-
grade from 23 September to 28 October 1980. The resolution
also took note with satisfaction of the establishment by UNESCO
pg50
of the International Programme for the Development of Com-
munication which constituted an important step in the esablish-
ment of a New World Information and Communication Order.
The 31st session of the General Assembly by its Resolution
31/123, proclaimed 1981 as the International Year of Disabled
Persons. The 32nd session of the General Assembly constituted
an Advisory Committee for the International Year of Disabled
Persons consisting of 15 member States, which was later raised
to 23 member States by a decision of the General Assembly at
its 33rd session. India is a member of the Advisory Committee.
Commensurate with India's adherence to humanitarian causes,
a national Plan of Action and a Committee to oversee the same
have been constituted. The Prime Minister launched the Inter-
national Year of Disabled Persons at a function on 5 January
1981. She announced that the Government was working to-
wards a comprehensive legislation for the rehabilitation of the
physically handicapped.
An Indian delegation led by the Secretary, Ministry of Social
Welfare participated in the 6th Congress on the Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held at Caracas from 25
August to 5 September 1980.
In the Third Committee of the 35th session of the General
Assembly, various matters on human rights, including the impor-
tance of the universal realisation of the right of peoples to self-
determination, alternative approaches and ways and means with-
in the United Nations system for improving the effective enjoy-
ment of human rights, elimination of all forms of racial discrimi-
nation, came up for discussion. The Indian delegation played an
active role in the deliberations of the Third Committee.
India continued its active participation in multilateral deli-
berations and negotiations on disarmament. India's role in the
field of disarmament was determined by the consistent, basic,
considerations that (i) lasting international peace and security
can only be based on the achievement of the goal of general and
complete disarmament under effective international control and
the establishment of a just international economic order, and (ii)
the focus of the international community's attention and efforts
should remain priority objectives.
India has, therefore, continued its determined efforts along
with the other like-minded countries to press for a comprehen-
sive ban on the testing of all nuclear weapons by all States and the
pg51
complete prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, pending the
achievement of nuclear disarmament.
At the 35th regular session of the UN General Assembly,
India tabled a resolution on non-use of nuclear weapons and
prevention of nuclear war. The resolution reiterated that any
use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the UN Charter
and a crime against humanity. It also called upon those States
which had not so far done so to submit their proposals regarding
the question of an international convention or some other agree-
ment on the subject, so that further consideration could be given
to the question. The resolution was adopted by 112 votes in
favour, 19 against and 14 abstentions.
The United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea held
its ninth session from 3 March to 4 April in New York and from
28 July to 29 August in Geneva. It came to an agreement on
most of the outstanding issues leading to the publication of a
draft convention on the Law of the Sea (informal text) in
August. It comprised 320 articles and 8 annexes most of which
reflected widespread agreement or near consensus. It embodied
provisions relating to all aspects of the, Law of the Sea, viz. ter-
ritorial waters, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, con-
tinental shelf, straits, high seas, islands, archipelagos, landlocked
and geographically disadvantaged States, maritime, scientific
research, pollution, transfer of technology and the international
seabed area and its resources.
The Conference also settled difficult questions of the decision
--making process in the Council of the proposed International
seabed Authority. It was agreed that the decisions on crucially
specified questions would require consensus whereas other ques-
tions could be decided by a simple 2/3rd or 3/4th majority vote.
This formula was originally proposed by India.
The next Session of the Conference is being held in New
York from 9 March to 17 April 1981. It will deal, inter alia,
with the questions of the establishment of Preparatory Commis-
sion and of interim authorisation of seabed exploration pending
the entry into force of the Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The Convention is expected to be finalised and opened for signa-
ture later in 1981.
India continued its participation in the deliberations of the
Legal Sub-Committee of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses
of Outer Space. The Sub-Committee held its nineteenth session
pg52
in Geneva in March-April 1980 and discussed inter alia the
principles governing the use by States of artificial earth satellites
for direct television broadcasting, legal implications of remote
sensing of the earth from space, definition and/or delimitation
of outer space, outer space activities, and the use of nuclear
power sources in the outer space.
Regarding direct broadcasting by satellites the Committee
was not able to reach agreement on the outstanding principle
of whether it was necessary to obtain agreement of a state on
whose territory direct broadcasting by satellite is specifically
directed.
On remote sensing of the earth by satellites the Sub-Com-
mittee was able to reach consensus on some principles. But no
consensus could be reached on the question of prior consent of
the sensed State for the dissemination of certain types of data,
notification for conducting remote sensing activities and the
applicability of the principle of full and permanent sovereignty
over natural resources to remote sensing activities.
Regarding definition and/or delimitation of outer space, a
proposal was made by the USSR in the Legal Sub-Committee
with regard to the establishment of a conventional boundary for
air space and outer space not higher than 100 to 110 kms. above
sea level. In this connection a number of delegations, while
agreeing that there was a need for definition and delimitation of
outer space, expressed the view that at the present stage of
scientific development it was not possible to establish precise
limits of outer space.
The item "use of nuclear power sources in outer space" was
on the agenda for the first time. Except for the Soviet Union
and the socialist countries, a majority of States were of the view
that the use of nuclear power sources in outer space was a mat-
ter of serious importance and concern to the whole of the inter-
national community and as such specific regulations should be
adopted for their use.
India participated in the Thirteenth Session of the United
Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
field at New York in July 1980 and played an active and con-
structive role in the work of that organisation. The adoption of
the UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules should, it is hoped, facilitate
the settlement of international commercial disputes amicably
between the parties. Further, India played a key role in the
establishment of the Working Group on New International
pg53
Economic Order and entrusting to it the subject of contracts in
the field of industrial development.
The UNEP Working Group of Experts on Environmental
Law held its Sixth and Seventh Sessions in Paris and Geneva
from 30 June to 11 July 1980 and 21 to 31 October 1980 res-
pectively. The Working Group is engaged in formulating
guidelines on "the legal aspects of off-shore mining and drilling
carried out within the limits of national jurisdiction". India is
a member of the Working Group.
The Working Group at its Sixth Session adopted certain
guidelines on "contingency plans" to prevent and mitigate
damages arising out of pollution caused by off-shore exploration
and exploitation of hydrocarbons.
The Working Group at its Seventh Session adopted certain
guidelines on the question of "liability and compensation" arising
out of pollution caused by off-shore exploration and exploitation
of hydrocarbons.
The Anti-Apartheid (United Nations Convention) Bill, 1980,
was introduced in Lok Sabha on 27 November 1980 to give
effect to the provisions of the International Convention on the
Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, 1973,
to which India became a party on the 22 October 1977.
The Bill, however, could not be considered by the Lok Sabha
at its Winter Session, due to heavy schedule of its work. It has
been submitted to the current Budget Session of Parliament.
The item of Drafting of a Convention against the Activities
of Mercenaries was included in the agenda of the 34th Session
(1979) of the General Assembly at the initiative of Nigeria and
was considered directly in the Plenary. The General Assembly
adopted by consensus resolution 34/140, which was also co-
sponsored by India. At the 35th Session (1980), the item was
allocated to the Sixth Committee and considered by it. On its
recommendation, the General Assembly adopted by consensus
resolution 35/48 whereunder a 35-member ad hoc Committee
on the Drafting of a Convention against the Activities of Mer-
cenaries will be established to elaborate an international conven-
tion to prohibit the recruitment, use financing and training of
mercenaries. India has been elected as a member of this ad
hew Committee which met in New York from 20 January to
13 February, 1981. There was widespread support in the Sixth
Committee from socialist and non-aligned countries for drafting
such a convention.
pg54
The Sixth Special Session of the General Assembly held in
1974 adopted two documents of supreme importance, namely,
the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Eestablish-
ment of a New International Economic Order and the Charter of
Eoconmic Rights and Duties of States. The General Assembly
requested the Secretary-General in collaboration with the
United Nations Institute, for Training and Research and in co-
ordination with the United Nations Commission on International
Trade Law, to study the question of the consolidation and pro-
gressive development of the principles and norms of international
economic law relating in particular to the legal aspects of the New
International Economic Order, with a view to embodying them
in one or more instruments, as appropriate (vide resolution
34/150 of 17 December 1979).
At its 35th session (1980), the General Assembly allocated
the item to the Sixth Committee, which considered it on the basis
of the Report of the Secretary-General (A/35/466). The deve-
loping Countries which participated in the debate on this item
stressed the great importance attached by them to the progressive
development of the principles and norms of international econo-
mic law relating to the New International Economic Order
(NIEO). The western countries expressed the view that the
Sixth Committee could not constructively embark upon this task
as the principles and norms of international economic law were
still in the process of evolution and development. The socialist
countries agreed that there was considerable amount of disagree-
ment among Members on the basic question of whether to under-
take any consolidation and progressive development of inter-
national economic law. Accordingly, the Sixth Committee re-
commended to the General Assembly to request the United
Nations Institute for Training and Research to prepare a list of
the existing and evolving principles and norms of international
law relating to NIEO concerning the economic relations among
States, international organisations, other entities of public inter-
national law, and the activities of trans-national corporations,
inter alia, in the existing declarations, principles and resolutions
on the subject as well as the Charter of Eoconomic Rights and
Duties of States and on the basis of this list, prepare an analy-
tical study, which the Secretary-General should submit to the
General Assembly at its 36th session in 1981.
At the meeting of the Assembly of the International Tele-
communication Satellite Organisation (INTELSAT) WA at
Venice in October 1980, the nominee of India, Dr. R. K. Dixit,
pg55
was elected a member of the Panel of Experts of INTELSAT.
Later on in Novmber 1980, at the meeting of the Panel at Rome,
he was unanimously elected its Chairman. It is for the first time
that a member of the Asian African countries has been elected
as Chairman of the Panel of Legal Experts of INTELSAT.
The 21st Annual Session of the Asian-African Legal Consul-
tative Committee was held in Jakarta from 24 April to 1 May
1980. These dates coincided with the Commemoration of the
Silver Jubilee Anniversary of the historic Bandung Conference.
The Prime Minister of India sent a message of greetings in con-
nection with the Commemoration Ceremony.
At the AALCC Session in Jakarta general statements were
made on the theme "Asian-African Identity in World Affairs-
Its Impact and Prospects for Future" as a part of the Com-
memoration Ceremony. The Leader of the Indian Delegation,
Shri Shiv Shanker, Minister of Law, Justice and Company
Affairs, made a statement recalling the crucial and historic role
played by the leaders at the Bandung Conference in 1955. The
Bandung Declaration and other Resolutions had provided the
framework for cooperation among Asian and African States in
all fields-economic, cultural and political. He recalled the
tremendous progress made by the two continents since the Ban-
dung Conference, particularly the liberation of Africa and the
joint stand taken by Asian and African States for promoting eco-
nomic growth and development of developing countries in
different UN and other forums. He also recalled the role played
by AALCC in providing solidarity among the Asian and African
States in the legal field.
The main subjects considered at the Session were: (1) Deve-
lopments in the Law of the Sea; (2) Exploitation of the Exclu-
sive Economic Zone; (3) Regional Economic Co-operation in
the Industrial field as part of New International Economic Order;
and (4) International Trade Law.
Two Working Groups on the Law of the Sea set up by the
AALCC met in February 1981 at New Delhi and considered
issues likely to come up at the 10th session of the UN Con-
ference on the Law of the Sea being held in March-April 1981.
During 1980, India concluded 67 treaties and agreements.
A final list of such treaties and agreements is at Appendix V.
| TOP |
| FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
|
Jan 01, 1980
CHAPTER IX
FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
The Ministry intensified its efforts towards further develop-
ment of India's foreign economic relations. On the bilateral
side, this was achieved, through an exchange of visits of high-
level delegations, by strengthening economic and technical co-
operation with developing countries and developed market eco-
nomy and Socialist countries.
On-going economic cooperation with neighbouring countries
in South Asia progressed satisfactorily on the whole. Out of
21 pilot projects that India had undertaken to set up in Burma
under ITEC, 15 projects have already been completed and six
are expected to be completed by June 1981.
Machinery and equipment was supplied to Sri Lanka for set-
ting up of three rural technical centres.
The export of skills and services to West Asian and North
African countries continued its momentum. Several delegations
from these areas visited India to recruit on direct contract terms
personnel with expertise in different fields such as medicine,
engineering, accountancy, finance, hydrology, etc. A standard
recruitment protocol regarding doctors was finalised with Libya.
The recruitment of teaching staff for universities and engineering
institutions in Algeria progressed satisfactorily. In this connec-
tion courses in functional French were organised in the Jawahar-
lal Nehru University and Institute of Languages, Hyderabad, for
professors prior to their departure for Algeria. Eruption of the
conflict between Iran and Iraq created some bottlenecks in
regard to India's economic programmes with these countries but
progress was maintained by making efforts to remove these
bottlenecks.
With African countries, the accent was on cooperation in the
fields of small scale and medium scale industries, establishment
of joint ventures, cooperation in agriculture and rural develop-
ment and in the development of infrastructure and transport.
Special mention may be made of four protocols signed with
Zambia, at the time of the visit of President Kaunda, in the fields
of industry, trade, joint ventures and agriculture and rural deve-
pg56
pg57
lopment. The visit of the Mozambique's Minister for Ports and
Surface Transport is likely to result in greater cooperation bet-
ween India and Mozambique in the field of railway development
and management. India also participated as observer in the
Second Southern African Development Coordination Conference
held in Maputo for cooperation in development of infrastructure
and transport in the Southern African region. India also extend-
ed its cooperation to African countries in the grant of commer-
cial credits and government-to-government credits. Cooperation
with Seychelles was strengthened through undertaking of addi-
tional programmes under ITEC.
Cooperation with Laos and Vietnam in setting up of Buffalo
Breeding centres made considerable progress. On the occasion
of the visit of the Prime Minister of Vietnam, agreements were
signed for supply of 50,000 tonnes of rice on loan to Vietnam
and for government-to-government credit. During the visit of
the President of Indonesia, it was agreed that officials of the two
countries would meet soon to identify specific areas of coopera-
tion.
At the meeting of Heads of Mission in Latin American
countries, presided over by the Minister of External Affairs, it
was agreed that efforts should be made to solve the problem of
shipping to this region and areas of cooperation in the field of
consultancy and technical cooperation should be identified.
A sum of Rs. 8.32 crores was earmarked for implementation
of various ITEC programmes during the financial year 1980-81.
This was in addition to individual technical and economic co-
operation programmes with Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
The main beneficiaries under ITEC programme were Afghanis-
tan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Mauritius, Tanzania, Vietnam, Laos,
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Fiji, Thailand and
Malawi. Under this programme, about 100 experts were deput-
ed and about 1200 trainees from various countries underwent
specialised courses in India. A sum of approximately Rs. 9
lakhs was made available as India's initial contribution to the
Industrial Development Unit of the Commonwealth for pro-
grammes connected with industrialisation of developing Com-
monwealth countries such as pre-investment studies, identification
of projects, preparation of feasibility reports, provision of train-
ing facilities and implementation of priority projects. A sum of
Rs. 50 lakhs was given to the Economic Commission for Africa
under basic grants agreement for projects to be undertaken under
economic and technical cooperation programmes among deve-
loping countries. Other activities under ITEC programmes
undertaken we-re supply of wheat seeds to the People's Demo-
cratic Republic of Yemen equipment for a technical centre in
pg58
Fiji, Ayurvedic and Homeopathic medicines to Burma, school
equipment to Laos, books to Somalia, scientific and laboratory
equipment to Liberia and preparation of certain feasibility
studies for setting up of industrial estates and manufacture of
centrifugal pumps.
Other highlights of India's economic and technical coopera-
tion with developing countries were the establishment of 39 joint
ventures during the year in developing countries by private sector,
deputation of experts numbering more than 1500 through gov-
eminent agencies.. grant of commercial credits and discussions
and negotiations in regard to possible long-term arrangements/
agreements for meeting requirements of essential commodities
such as crude oil, fertilizers, non-ferrous metals, etc.
India and the Socialist countries of Eastern Europe continued
to develop their trade and commercial exchanges and strengthen
industrial and economic cooperation on the basis of effective
follow-up of past decisions and new initiatives undertaken in the
framework of joint commissions. Long term trade plans for
1981-85 were finalised with the Soviet Union and Romania. An
economic cooperation agreement was entered into between India
and the Soviet Union, during the visit of President Brezhnev,
according to which the Soviet Union would grant a Rouble cre-
dit of 520 million for projects in India to be set up with Soviet
assistance.
Several developed countries, particularly from Europe, showed
interest in establishing and strengthening their technical and
economic collaboration with India. Considerable progress was
achieved in regard to the completion of negotiations with the
European Economic Community towards the conclusion of a
new commercial and economic cooperation agreement.
The first session of the Indo-US Sub-Commission on Agri-
culture was devoted in the setting of directions and priorities for
cooperation in diverse areas such as forestries, wild life manage-
ment, irrigation, soil conservation, water shed management, ani-
mal husbandry and fisheries.
The negative trends in the world economy and particularly
the trebling of oil prices continued to be a source of great con-
cern. India faced some real difficulties due to trade barriers,
protectionism and other action taken by developed countries
affecting its exports. The regular session of the UN General
Assembly failed to adopt any positive recommendation in regard
to measures for overcoming the critical economic situation of
pg59
many developing countries. The Aid India Consortium meeting
resulted in a pledge of bilateral assistance amounting to $ 3.4
billion. India also availed of SDR 1815 million (Rs. 815
crores approximately) of IMF facilities in order to stabilise the
foreign exchange position. In addition, in view of constraints
on its foreign exchange, position, India also resorted to commer-
cial borrowings on very selective basis.
Spiralling costs of crude oil imports as well as security of
supply, particularly in the wake of the flghting between Iran and
Iraq, the two principal traditional suppliers of crude oil to India,
were the major issues facing India in 1980. The long-term
Strategy Committee of OPEC had put forward specific proposals
in regard to compensation measures for alleviating the burden
on oil importing developing countries and had proposed criteria
based on per capita incomes as well as total oil imports for
categorisation of developing countries that would be entitled to
compensation measures. India made diplomatic demarche vis-a-
vis members of OPEC for explaining the impact of oil rises on
its balance-of-payments position and stressed that per capita oil
imports and consumption rather than total imports were more
relevant as a criteria. As a result there was greater understand-
ing of India's sui generis case in this respect. Unfortunately,
further pi-ogress in regard to finalisation of the recommendation
by the, Long-term OPEC Stratey Committee and its ad-
option by the OPEC Summit was blocked mainly due to
Iran-Iraq conflict. This led India to look for crude oil supply
from other OPEC countries in West Asia as well as non-tradi-
tional sources, such as Venezuela, Mexico etc. While this
helped in ensuring the requisite import requirements in 1980 this
aspect would need a continual watch in 1981.
A somewhat promising development was the elaboration of
action-oriented recommendations in regard to economic co-
operating among developing countries in the sectors of trade,
raw materials, energy, food, industrialisation, technology and
finance, It was hoped that a package of inter-related measures
which would now emerge, would contribute to the strengthening
of collective self-reliance of the developing countries. A signi-
ficant decision taken by India, within the framework of its invest-
ment policy, related to permitting of portfolio investment in new
companies by oil exporting developing countries. India will
participate in a high level meeting on Economic Cooperation
among Developing Countries which is expected to be held in May
1981.
pg60
India is determined to continue its efforts for bringing about
greater understanding and deeper appreciation of inter-depen-
dence among nations--its relevance and importance-and for
generating political will at highest level so that all nations which
have their proper resources to contribute could take part in a
cooperative efforts in optimising the results of international co-
operation that would promote the development of the develop-
ing countries. It was in this context that India responded posi-
tively to the initiative taken by Austria and Mexico, in the wake
of the near failure of the 11th Special Session for chartering out
a course of appropriate action for the promotion of the develop-
ment of developing countries and international economic co-
operation, for convening a Restricted Summit meeting to consi-
der the problems of cooperation and development. India parti-
cipated in the meeting of Foreign Ministers from 11 countries
held in Vienna, in November, for consultations in regard to the
preparations for such a meeting.
1980 | TOP |
| EXTERNAL PUBLICITY
|
CHAPTER X
EXTERNAL PUBLICITY
The External Publicity Division of the Ministry is responsible
for the overall tasks of publicity affecting India's foreign
relations. It also coordinates and supervises the press, public
relations, publicity and cultural work done by Indian Missions
abroad. The Division briefs and assists the Missions to interpret
all aspects of India's foreign policy to the public and the media
in countries of their respective accreditation. They are also kept
informed of the political, economic social and cultural develop-
ments in India in a manner so as to make foreign countries and
people interested in developing and expanding relations with
India.
In the context of developments since 1979, the Division during
this year had to deal with politically criticial situations; both in
terms of domestic developments in India and India's external
relations. The political uncertainties which characterised Indian
political developments in 1979, put a special responsibility on the
Division during 1980 to project Indian developments in their
correct perspective abroad.
The deteriorating international situation as reflected through
developments in Indo-China, Afghanistan, Iran-Iraq conflict, the
arms build up and the increasing Great Power rivalry marked
the reversal of the process of detente. The Division gave a correct
interpretation and projection of these developments.
A continuous critical evaluation of the functioning of XP
Division made by the Parliament, public and the Ministers
helped the Division in discharging its functions and tasks with
purposiveness and flexibility inspite of limitation in terms of
resources and manpower.
The Division made special publicity efforts to project India's
firm commitment to democracy and non-alignment, to the estab-
lishment of a new international economic order, to moral and
material support for majority rule in Namibia and Zimbabwe and
to the objectives of the United Nations in upholding peace and
security in the world. As a result of initiatives taken by the
External Publicity Division, the Indian news agencies agreed to
appoint/have appointed additional representatives abroad.
pg61
pg62
The Press Trust of India appointed Correspondents in
Beijing, Kuala Lampur and Nairobi, the United News of India
in Abu Dhabi; Hindustan Samachar and Samachar Bharati in
Kathmandu and Dacca respectively.
Press Relations
The Division handled visits of foreign journalists to India and
those of Indians to other countries. 705 foreign journalists received
temporary accreditation to cover elections, UNIDO, CHOGRM
and-State official visits. Out of these 49 journalists visited the
country on a professional basis. Journalists who received full
hospitality as guests of the government numbered 23, those who
were given local hospitality numbered 95 and 14 more journa-
lists are expected as guests. Facilities were provided for 76
Indian journalists to visit different countries upto 31 December.
As regards television teams, permission was granted to 93
such teams and 16 requests of interviews with the Prime Minister
were successfully arranged. By and large, the reporting by
foreign media including items based on despatches by foreign
correspondents stationed in India were factual. Whenever any
deliberate or mischievous slant was detected, it was taken up
with the correspondent in New Delhi by the Division as well as
brought to the notice of the concerned publication through India's
diplomatic Missions and the correct factual position explained to
them. As regards unfavourable interpretation of events, which in
foreign media, of course, is a matter of public opinion, the
Mission under guidance from XP Division tried to give the
correct perspective by meeting the editorial management of the
publication.
Audio Visual Publicity
Publicity through documentary and feature films has always
been an effective medium of projection of India's image. About
210 prints of documentary films were supplied to Indian Missions
abroad.
The Division began processing and commissioning of docu-
mentary films on themes which would be relevant for international
audiences. The films were : Indo-Bhutan Co-operation; Econo-
mic Development in India and Celebration of the 1400th
Anniversary of the Hijra Era. It was at the instance of the
Division that the Films Division produced the film `Non-aligned
Movement' primarily meant to be used during the Non-aligned
pg63
Foreign Ministers' Meeting held in Delhi in February 1981.
Besides, five documentary films were dubbed in Arabic for circu-
lation among the Arab countries. On request of the Common-
wealth Collection school of Peace Studies, university of Bradford,
West Lancashire, U.K., the Division donated a 14 part docu-
mentary film entitled `Mahatma' to the Institution.
To spread the knowledge of Hindi, a film entitled `Learn
Devnagri' was supplied to the Indian Mission in the Philippines.
The following quality feature films were acquired:-
27 Down; Tyagpatra; Trisandhya; Kodiyettam and Sonar
Kella. These have been sent for subtitling in English, Spanish,
Arabic and French. After sub-titling, these will be circulated
among the Missions.
Many of the Missions participated in local film festivals. On
request, special films were supplied to these Missions. Their
own stocks also proved very useful.
The Division sanctioned and authorised about twenty-five
Missions to replace or acquire radio sets, cassette recorders, film
projectors and slide projectors. Also video cassette equipment
was authorised to one important Mission.
Transmissions
The Division kept Missions abroad informed of matters of
current interest in India's relations with other countries as well
as on important political, scientific, technological and economic
developments in India through the External Publicity Transmis-
sions (XPT) net work. These transmissions contained important
pronouncement on Indian foreign policy made by the Govern-
ment of India and the visiting dignitaries from various countries
as well as by the official spokesman of the Ministry of External
Affairs.
Forty Missions received XPT, on an average consisting of
2000 to 2500 words, through the OCS and eight through satellite
channel. Missions not having facilities to receive XPT by either
mode were fed through bi-weekly telexes or Press Cables.
Twenty-nine Missions received bi-weekly telexes and six
Missions bi-weekly press cables.
In order to improve the reception of transmissions abroad, it
was decided to switch to the latest mode of communications via
satellite. The existing service via satellite to Indian Missions in
pg64
North and South America worked satisfactorily, and proposals
are being considered to cover all the Missions in Europe and
Africa through satellite service. The aim is to eventually put all
the Missions on the satellite network.
Printed Publicity
The External Publicity Division continued to bring out its
following regular publications : Foreign Affairs Record
(monthly) the Indian and Foreign Review (fortnightly),
Courrier de L'Inde (fortnightly, in French) for free distribution
through Indian Missions and Posts abroad.
The Indian and Foreign Review was sent to all members of
Parliament. It was continuously improved both in content and
in lay out and its circulation went up from 13,500 in 1978-79
to nearly 25,000.
Apart from its regular publications, the Division brought out
special booklets and pamphlets during important state and official
visits. The following booklets and pamphlets were printed by the
Division : India's views on the Afghan Situation; Indira
Gandhi-Choice of the people; Indo-Yugoslav symposium on
Non-Alignment-Text of Speech by Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao,
Minister or External Affairs, at JNU on May 14, 1980; Statement
in Parliament by Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, Minister of External
Affairs on his visit to the USSR-17 June 1980: Darul-Uloom-
Deoband-A Saga of Dedicated Work; Lok Sabha-Reply by
Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, Minister of External Affairs on debate
on Budget demands of the MEA on 9 July 1980; Address by
Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, at the 25th Session of UN General
Assembly in New York on 3 October 1980; the visit of the
Amir of Kuwait to India on 9-11 September 1980; reprints of
articles entitled "India : in a land of fables, the Industrial
Reality" by Shri Sunder Rajan and Dr. Homi Sethna's (Chair-
man of the Atomic Energy Commission) interview which
originally appeared in the Statesman of 13 September 1980.
In addition, the Division also disseminated material produced
by other Ministries and various departments of the Government
of India.
During the calendar year 1980, 69 supplements were pub-
lished; 51 supplements on the occasion of Indian Republic Day
1980; 10 supplements in foreign newspapers on the occasion of
Indian Independence Day and 8 supplements covering economic
and other topics. By and large, these supplements projected a
pg65
favourable image of India. The assistance of the Indian Mis-
sions, the Trade Fair Authority and other Ministries was secured
in bringing out these supplements.
The World Press Review containing comment, summary and
analysis of foreign press on or of interest to India in foreign
newspapers and periodicals continued to be brought out in
cyclostyled form. During the year under review, 175 issues were
issued. The Review was revamped and made more comprehen-
sive to include country-wise press round up of foreign media.
About 40 titles an Indian history, philosophy, religion, art
and culture were supplied both to the libraries of indian Missions
and for presentation purposes, A list of standard reference
material consisting of about 260 books was prepared. These
books are being procured and sent to Indian Missions. This
work is expected to be completed by the end of next financial
year.
Visual Material
The Division supplied posters, books, paintings, pictures etc.,
to the Missions abroad. Musical instruments and other material
relevant to portray various aspects of Indian Culture abroad-
were supplied to Missions abroad. This material is basically
used for participating in local exhibitions.
The Division sent about 12,000 black and white photographs
for suitable display to the Missions during the year.
| TOP |
| CULTURAL RELATIONS
|
CHAPTER XI
CULTURAL RELATIONS
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations continued to
work as the main agency for promoting cultural relations bet-
ween India and other countries. There was further expansion in
its activities during the year because of the increase in the field
of external exchange programmes and other steps taken to
disseminate Indian culture abroad.
The Council received 101 distinguished visitors whose field
of specialisation varied from fine arts to literature, education,
science, medicine and technology. They came from Argentina,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Ethiopia, Federal Republic of Germany,
German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Greece, Indonesia,
Ireland, Japan, Mauritius, Mozambique, Norway, Peru, Sri
Lanka, Sweden, UK, USA and USSR.
The ICCR sponsored the visit of a Qari and a Qariah to
Indonesia for recitation of the Koran.
Under the programmes of inviting delegations of performing
arts, 36 groups were invited, from Australia, Cuba, the Federal
Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Greece,
Italy, Japan, Korea, Portugal, Trinidad, UK, USA, USSR,
Venezuela, Vietnam and Yugoslavia. These delegations put up
performances in various centres in India.
During the year, 81 visitors and 44 performing delegations
were sent out to different parts of the world. Many well-known
Indian artistes, including dancers and musicians, gave perfor-
mances in various cities including prestigious International festi-
vals. Indian Professors and academicians gave a number of
lectures in the centres visited by them.
The 1979 Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International
Understanding was conferred on Dr. Nelson R. Mandela at a
dignified function held on Jawaharlal Nehru's birth anniversary
on Nov 14, 1980. The award was received by Dr. Oliver
Tambo on behalf of Dr. Mandela. The Nehru Award Secretariat
also announced the nomination of Ms. Barbara Ward, the inter-
nationally renowned economist, for the Jawaharlal Nehru Award
for the year 1980.
pg66
pg67
The ICCR received 5 exhibitions from Canada, GDR, Sri
Lanka, Thailand and another entitled "Vistas Commonwealth
Asia Pacific". Exhibitions were also sent to France, USA, Cuba,
Peru and Venezuela.
The following publications were brought out during the
year : -
(i) Readings from India by GNS Raghavan.
(ii) Indian Music by B. C. Dave.
Regular publications of journals namely Indian Horizons,
Cultural News from India, Papeles de la Indie, Rencontre Avec
l 'Inde as well as the Africa Quarterly and the Hindi Quarterly
were brought out on schedule. A special number of Gagananchal,
the Hindi Quarterly, dedicated to Munshi Premchand, was also
released.
Under the Indo-US sub-Commission on Culture, meetings
were held of Joint Museums Committee and of the Indo-
American Joint Advisory Committee on films and broadcasting.
The Council organised a number of seminars during the year.
An Indo-Austrian seminar on non-alignment and neutrality was
hold in November 1980. Two seminars, one on the life and
works of Simon Bolivar and another on General San Martin
and other Latin American liberators, were held in December
1980.
Under the programme of presentation of books/musical
instruments and art objects, the respective requirements were
sent to Indian Missions in almost all countries of the world.
Orientation courses on aspects of Indian life and culture,
policies and programmes, economy and external relations were
given to Indians going abroad, a group of American teachers and
in addition to a visiting American group.
The Council continued its work relating to the observation
of the UN Day, OAU Day, the PLO Day, and other special
events.
The Indian Cultural Centres in Fiji, Guyana and Suriname
arranged film shows and performances of dance and music as
well as lecture-cum-demonstrations, Hindi classes, plays and
exhibitions.
The Council maintained Indian Professors teaching subjects
like Indology, Social Sciences, Economic Planning and Deve-
pg68
lopment, Business Management, etc. in the University of West
Indies (Trinidad) El Collegio de Mexico, University of Guyana,
Indonesia, University of Sophia (Bulgaria), University of
Bucharest (Romania), American University of Beirut
(Lebannon) and Humboldt University, Berlin (GDR).
The Council continued to oversee the activities of the Foreign
Cultural Centres in India by administering the British Libraries
at Bangalore, Bhopal, Lucknow, Patna, Pune, Ranchi, Trivand-
rum, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. The House of Soviet Culture
in Trivandrum organised a number of film shows, Russian
language classes, exhibitions, talks, etc. aimed at projecting
Soviet life and culture. Liaison was maintained with the Max
Muller Bhavans in India and the Alliances Francaises.
As usual, the Council received a large number of foreign
students under various scholarships schemes of the Government,
of India. Six Summer Camps for 450 students were organised in
the summer months and 12 study tours were organised for 500
other students.
A substantial number of titles were added to the Library of
the Council which has nearly 50,000 books.
The scheme for providing educational facilities in the fields
of medicine and engineering to self-financing foreign students,
from developing countries was continued during the year. Appli-
cations increased by more than 60% for engineering degree
courses and by more than 35% for the medical degree course as
compared to last year.
Applications were received from nearly 50 countries. From
the 1477 applications for admission to the medical degree
course, 54 students were selected and nominated to various
medical colleges in India. Similarly, from the 1276 applica-
tions for admission to engineering degree courses, 155 students
were selected and nominated to various engineering colleges
including IITS. Lately, requests from foreign students for
admission to engineering diploma courses at various polytech-
nic institutes also started increasing. During the year 1980,
43 foreign students were selected and nominated to such
courses.
In addition, 12 out of 197 applicants from Nepal and
3 out of 5 applicants from Bhutan were nominated to the
M.B.B.S. course. For engineering courses, 30 out of 102
applicants from Nepal and 2 applicants from Bhutan were
nominated. | TOP |
| PROTOCOL
|
Jan 01, 1980
CHAPTER XII
PROTOCOL
During the year the Heads of Mission of the following
countries left India on completion of their assignment :-
Ambassadors of Denmark, Iraq, Ireland, Mongolia, Thai-
land, Philippines, Libya, Republic of Korea, Senegal, Syria,
U.A.E., USA, Spain and Bhutan and High Commissioners of
Australia, Tanzania and Uganda.
The Heads of Mission of the following countries presented
their credentials to the President :-
Ambassadors of Ireland, Iraq, Mexico, Niger, Afghanistan,
Thailand, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, Bhutan, Panama
(Non-resident), Tunisia (New Mission), Kampuchea (New
Mission), U.A.E. and Uganda and High Commissioner of
Tanzania.
The status of the Representative of the P.L.O. has been
raised to that of an Ambassador.
pg69
| TOP |
| PASSPORT, EMIGRATION AND CONSULAR SERVICES
|
CHAPTER XIII
PASSPORT, EMIGRATION AND CONSULAR SERVICES
The administrative machinery which had been geared up
during the previous years to provide maximum facilities for the
issue of passports to Indian citizens wishing to travel abroad for
business, employment or other purposes was further toned up
during the year. This was done by making adjustments in the
strength of officers and staff working in various passport offices
throughout the country and substantive changes in the rules
and procedures pertaining to the issue of passports. Proce-
dures regarding emigration clearance to Indian workers going
abroad for employment purposes were also streamlined with a
view to provide speedy and trouble-free service.
The number of applications for the issue of passports and
other services received during 1980 remained about the same
as in the year 1979, i.e. about 10 lakhs applications for pass-
port and about 5 lakhs applications for miscellaneous services.
A detailed statement showing the number of applications for
issue of passports and miscellaneous services received and the
number of passports issued and the miscellaneous services
rendered during the year is given at Appendix VI.
The standard of efficiency in issue of passports and render-
ing miscellaneous services achieved during 1979 improved fur-
ther during this year by introducing a continuing process of
reorganising the working of passport offices and deployment of
special task force for clearing arrears wherever necessary.
Rendering of miscellaneous services was made speedier as
compared to the past year.
Keeping in view the existence of a large number of state-
less persons like Tibetan refugees and persons of Indian origin
from Uganda, Malaysia and Vietnam, the procedure for issue
of Identity Certificates and their renewal was streamlined with
a view to provide expeditious and smooth service.
The passport Rules 1967 made under the provisions of the
Passports Act, 1967 were reviewed in the light of the experience
gained during the last 13 years. All ambiguities which could
lead to delays in rendering passport services were removed and
pg70
pg71
the prescribed forms revised so as to elicit only absolutely
necessary information required for rendering a service. These
are now more clear and devoid of chances of their being inter-
preted differently by different persons. The revised rules are
already with the press and are likely to be published soon.
A number of proposals which would further improve the
quality of services rendered by the Central Passport & Emigra-
tion Organisation to the members of the public were actively
pursued. These included :-
(a) introduction of a new passport booklet which will
be smaller in size with more pages and a flexible
cover, as soon as the existing stock of passport
booklets is exhausted; and
(b) gradual introduction of computerised method in
respect of storage/retrieval of factual informa-
tion relating to the passports issued.
During the first eleven months of the year 1980, the total
revenue earned by the passport, offices was Rs. 552.44 lakhs
as compared to the revenue of Rs. 528.50 lakhs during 1979.
The expenditure in 1980 was Rs. 135.97 lakhs as compared to
the expenditure of Rs. 143.19 lakhs in 1979.
The exodus of Indian workers to the West Asian and North
African regions for employment continued to show an upward
trend during 1980. To facilitate emigration of workers without
undue hindrance and to protect them from exploitation in
India and abroad at the hands of unscrupulous agents and
foreign employers, government procedures were further stream-
lined and new measures introduced.
Emigration procedures continued to be based on the guide-
lines provided by the Supreme Court order of Mar 20, 1979.
Within the guidelines set by this order the process of emigra-
tion was simplified. The emigration checks which had been
instituted at the airports and which were causing inconvenience
to the bona-fide passengers were discontinued with effect from
1 November 1980. This system of check was replaced by a
new system under which the point of check was shifted to the
Passport Office. At the time of issue of passport itself, an
indication would be made on the passport booklets whether the
person needed an emigration clearance or not. This would
also ensure that persons who required emigration clearance did
pg72
not proceed abroad without fulfilling the required emigration
formalities.
With the simplification of emigration procedures and publi
city of the benefits to the workers, if they went abroad after
fulfilment of due observance of emigration formalities, the
number of workers whose employment agreements were regis-
tered with the Protectors of Emigrants showed a marked
increased over the earlier years. From a moderate figure of
4186 in 1976, the registrations increased to 22,854 in 1977
and to 69,006 in 1978. During 1979, 2,05,000 employment
agreements were registered. Upto October 1980 this figure
had reached 2,34,361 for the current year.
Reports of unscrupulous elements duping the unwary job
seekers, however, continued to be received from time to time.
On receipt of such reports these were referred to appropriate
authorities for investigation and action.
A proposal to introduce a new legislation on emigration
has reached its final stages. The Bill is likely to be introduced
in the Parliament shortly. Another proposal to set up a man-
power corporation in the public sector at the Central level to
assist Indian job seekers in obtaining jobs abroad is also under
active consideration of the Government. Those proposals aim
at bringing the activities or unscrupulous recruiting elements
under effective regulatory controls.
Indian Missions abroad extended financial assistance to
73 Indian nationals who got atranded as against 56 in 1979.
The number of destitute Indians repatriated from abroad, in-
cluding a batch of 106 from Israel, was 473 as compared to
444 during 1979. Deaths of 463 Indians who died abroad
were reported to the Ministry during 1980. In 1979 deaths of
354 were reported. The Government took up with the rele-
vant foreign authorities, the question of settlement of their
claims and/or compensation.
There was a sharp increase in the number of various docu-
ments requiring attestation by the Ministry before submission
to the foreign Governments/Embassies. As against 71,001 in
1979, the number of documents attested in 1980 jumped to
1,03,892 registering an increase of over 46%. | TOP |
| ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION
|
CHAPTER XIV
ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao continued as Minister of Exter-
nal Affairs. There were no changes at the level of Foreign
Secretary and other Secretaries during the year. At the level
of Additional Secretary, Shri J. R. Hiremath took over charge
of the Policy Planning and Review Division.
The total strength at the headquarters, comprising 21 Divi-
sions (of which 9 are specialised Divisions), was about 2500,
out of which about 560 were officers. The detailed staff
strength is given at Appendix XI.
A detailed review of the working and staff requirements of
the Policy Planning and Review Division was carried out
during the year. As a result, a substantial augmentation of
its strength took place to make it an effective tool in the work
of the Ministry of External Affairs. The Division is supervised
by the Foreign Secretary and an Additional Secretary, with
a full time staff of a Joint Secretary, a Director, two Deputy
Secretaries, two Deputy Directors and other staff.
In Missions and Posts abroad, there were about 700 diplo-
matic officers and about 3,000 non-diplomatic officials, includ-
ing locally-recruited employees.
A list of the number of officers who have qualified in various
languages is given at Appendix XII.
During the year, two new Indian Missions were opened, in
Seychelles and in Cyprus. A Mission was opened in Kampu-
chea in January 1981.
Global inflationary pressures continued unabated during the
year. Several administrative and financial reforms, therefore,
were considered and implemented in order to reduce their im-
pact. These reforms, which led to the elimination of routine
work, also rendered staff surplus in a number of Missions.
Staff was accordingly reduced in larger Missions, such as
London, Washington, Kathmandu, Rangoon, etc. Some of the
staff rendered surplus were diverted to Missions in West Asia
and North Africa where workload had increased tremendously
pg73
pg74
in recent years, in particular due to the increasing numbers of
Indian nationals visiting and working in those areas.
The total expenditure on all Missions abroad was thus kept
to the reasonable amount of Rs. 41 crores. (The expenditure
at the headquarters was about Rs. 7 crores). Details are given
at Appendix IX and X.
A substantial portion of the budget of Missions abroad was
on rental of office and residential accommodation. Vigorous
efforts were, therefore, made to acquire and construct own
properties. A Five-Year Plan document was prepared and
approved by the Government. A total sum of Rs. 70 crores is
proposed to be invested between 1980 and 1985 on acquisition
and construction of property abroad.
In pursuance of the recommendations of the Estimates Com-
mittee of Parliament, a number of Missions were inspected to
assess their functional effectiveness and to bring about optimum
efficiency in their working. The Missions visited were in the
developing countries.
Special teams were despatched to Kuwait and Amman, at
the time of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq conflict, to provide
immediate assistance to Indian nationals seeking to leave the
zone of conflict.
The Welfare Unit of the Ministry continued to look after
the general welfare of all officials serving at headquarters and
Missions abroad. Employment opportunities were provided to
deserving dependants of the deceased officials. Financial
assistance was provided to some deserving officials from the
Staff Benefit Fund.
A Special Cell continued to function to watch and monitor
the progress of the implementation of the reservation order in
respect of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The
details are given at Appendix VII and Appendix VIII. | TOP |
| USE OF HINDI IN OFFICIAL WORK
|
CHAPTER XV
USE OF HINDI IN OFFICIAL WORK
The Ministry continued to make every effort to ensure the
use of Hindi in the official work of the Ministry, including all
Indian Missions abroad and the Regional Passport Offices in
India. In order to keep a watch on the progress of implementa-
tion of Govrenment instructions in this regard, the Official
Language Implementation Committee of the Ministry headed by
Additional Secretary (Admn.) met periodically. In some of the
bigger Missions where such Implementation Committees have
been constituted, the progress made in this field was reviewed.
The Implementation Committee of the Ministry in its meetings
reviewed the reports received from the Missions and Regional
Passport Offices and necessary instructions to ensure further pro-
gress in the use of Hindi as the Union Official Language were
issued. In order to ensure fuller implementation of the Official
Language Rules, 1976, in the Ministry, instructions were issued
by the Foriegn Secretary and the Additional Secretary (Admn.).
Apart from the above, Hindi continued to be used extensively,
in the protocol matters relating to international treaties and agree-
ments. Various documents like Letters of Credence, Letters of
Recall, Commissions of Appointment and other protocol docu-
ments were prepared in Hindi.
A large number of notifications and office orders were issued
in Hindi and quite a large number of letters received from mem-
bers of the public and the State Governments were replied to in
Hindi. Many letters were also issued in, Hindi to the Missions
abroad and to the Regional Passport Offices and some of the
Missions also sent replies in Hindi. This year, the number of
such letters had increased. Some of them were even handwritten.
This reflected the sincere efforts on the part of the Missions
abroad to implement the instructions on the use of Hindi in their
official work.
The process of equipping Indian Missions with Hindi type-
writers, stenographers/typists trained in Hindi, books in Hindi
for libraries as well as for children, progressively continued.
Seventy-two Hindi typewriters had already been supplied to the
pg75
pg76
Indian Missions and efforts were continued to send at least one
Hindi typewriter to each of the remaining Missions. Efforts were
made to post Hindi-knowing stenographers/typists to Indian
Missions abroad and to impart training in Hindi typewriting/
stenography to our staff. Steps are also being taken to create
more posts of Hindi Officers for our Missions abroad, RPOs and
also for the Headquarters. This will be in addition to the three
posts already available for the Missions in Fiji Mauritius and
Trinidad.
English-Hindi and Hindi-English Dictionaries and also a set
of help literature had already been supplied to all Indian Missions
abroad. A booklet consisting of Hindi terms used in inter-
national treaties and agreements was prepared and supplied to all
Indian Missions abroad and Ministries/Departments of the Gov-
ernment of India enabling them to prepare the Hindi version of
such agreements and treaties.
During the year under review, three groups of Members of
Parliament belonging to the Committee of Parliament on Official
Language visited 25 Indian Missions abroad to see the progress
of Hindi in their official work and these groups were assisted by
three officers of the Ministry. These groups made certain sugges-
tions at their meetings held in the Missions and these suggestions
were examined in greater detail at the Headquarters and, in
keeping with their views, all efforts are being made to accelerate
the pace with regard to the use of Hindi in the Missions and for
this purpose the question of creation of posts of Hindi Officers
etc. in the Missions abroad is under active consideration.
The Minister of External Affairs addressed the 35th Session
of the United Nations General Assembly partly in Hindi. It is
hoped that in the comity of nations Hindi will have its rightful
place.
Efforts to popularise Hindi in foreign countries, particularly
with a large number of people of Indian origin, continued during
the year. A get-together to meet an eminent Burmese Hindi
writer was organised in Delhi in which quite a few local Hindi
writers, poets and journalists and also some Members of Parlia-
ment participated.
A set of 110 standard Hindi books was supplied to all Indian
Missions abroad to be kept permanently in their libraries for
reference purposes. This was in addition to the books supplied
to some of the Missions under the Scheme for the propagation of
Hindi abroad.
pg77
Just like `Manas Chatushati' and `Sur Panchshati', Prem
Chand Centenary Celebrations were organised by some of the
Missions in cooperation with the local voluntary organisations
and the Missions in Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad, USSR and UK
did some commendable work on this occasion. Eminent local
writers partcipated in such functions and some of the Missions
published articles on Prem Chand in their news bulletins. A set
of books on Prem Chand, including his writings, was sent to 25
Indian Missions and this set of literature was well received by all
those who are interested in the study of this great writer. Some
children's Hindi books were also sent to some of the Missions
so that the efforts being made by local voluntary Hindi organisa-
tions in those countries could thus be encouraged and supple-
mented. Linguaphone records and charts, etc. in Devnagari
script were sent to Missions where foreigners had evinced interest
in learning Hindi. The Missions were also asked to encourage
the members of staff and foreigners to learn Hindi through Cor-
respondence Course.
Children's Hindi Classes continued to make a steady progress
in more than 20 of the Indian Missions abroad. Newspaper
Exchange Programme also had its impact in places where news-
papers and magazines are published in Hindi, in countries like
Mauritius, Fiji and UK, etc.
In spite of the financial constraints, all efforts were made to
ensure the use of Hindi in the working of the Ministry of External
Affairs, Regional Passport Offices and Indian Missions abroad,
and steps were taken to popularise Hindi in foreign countries
within the cultural framework of India's foreign policy. |
| APPENDIX I Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars
|
Appendices
pg79-80
APPENDIX I
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars etc.,
organised by Inter- Governmental Organisations
(such as UN and its specialised Agencies like WHO,
ILO, ICAO, FAO, UNDP, UNIDO, IMCO etc.) at
which the GOVERN-MENT OF INDIA was represented in
1980-81. |
----------------------------------------------
Sl. Title of Conference etc. Foreign Ex-
No. (with venue and date) change com-
ponent of
expenditure in
rupees
--------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
--------------------------------------------------------
1. Biological Weapons Review Conference in Geneva, 3 Nil
to Mar 21, 1980.
2. 4th Meeting of UNIDO Panel on Leather and Leather Nil
Products Industry held in Beijing (Peking) from 11 to
15 March 1980.
3. Training Course on Organisational and Management Nil
of Food Industries at Central Food Techincal Re-
search Institute, Mysore from 10 March to 28 April
1980.
4. Workshop on Environmental Resources Manage- Nil
ment and Development held at Moscow from 31 March
to 2 May 1980.
5. Seminar on Migration Urbanisation and Settlement Nil
held at Manila from 19 to 27 April 1980.
6. FAO/Preparatory Meeting for the 6th session of World
Food Council, Rome, 28 to 30 April 1980. 3,615.00
7. FAO/DSC Rural Market Development Programmes/
Asian Regional Evaluation Workshop at Bangalore
from 28 April to 2 May 1980.
8. Seminar on Policy Guidelines and Curriculam, Manila Nil
(Philippines), Development for more effective migration
and resettlement policies organised by "Social Welfare
Development Centre for Asia and the Pacific".
9. 109th session of Executive Board of UNESCO held
in Paris from 30 April to June 1980. 12,500.00
10. 13th Session of the Permanent Committee and 14th
session of the Industrial Development Board (IDB) 18,079.41
of UNIDO held in Vienna (Austria) from 5 to 19 May
1980.
--------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
-------------------------------------------------------
11. Second Substaliture session of United Nations Disarma-
ment Commission, New York, 12 May to 6 June 1980.
23,693.20
12. Preparatory Meeting of 16th COAG (6th session), Nil
Rome, 20 to 22 May 1980.
13. Eleventh seminar in Population organised by East- Nil
West Population Institute, Honolulu, 31 May to 4 July
1980.
14. International Law Commission held in Vienna from Nil
18 May to 25 July 1980.
15. 21st Annual session of the Asian African Legal Con-
sultative Committee held in Djakarta from 24 April to
1 May 1980. 14,192.00
16. 6th session of World Food Council, Arusha (Tanzania),
2 to 6 June 1980. 38,550.00
17. UNIDO 2nd Consultative Meeting on Leather and
Leather Products Industry held in Cologne (FRG),
from 23 to 27 June 1980. 8,930.85
18. 6th session of FAO Commission on Fertilizers, Rome,
30 June to 3 July 1980. 11,335.00
19. XIIITH session of the UNCITRAL held in New York,
from 14 to 25 July 1980. 33,335.00
20. FAO seminar in World Life Resources for Rural De- Nil
velopment, Hyderabad, July 1980.
21. Vital Organisation Working Group organised by Nil
East-West Population Institute, Honolulu from 28
July to 5 September 1980.
22. Meeting of coordinating Group on Food and Agri-
culture of Non-aligned Countries, Belgrade, 7 to 9
July 1980. 13,125.00
23. Eighth Commonwealth Education Conference held
in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 5 to 13 August 1980.
15,186.00
24. 5th World Congress on Rural Sociology held at Mexico
from 7 to 12 August 1980. Nil
25. High Level Seminar on Institutional Capability for
Regional Development in Asia held at Najoya (Japan)
from 16 to 20 August 1980. Nil
26. National Conference on Population & Urban Feature
held in Rome (Italy) from 1 to 4 September 1980.
Nil
27. FAO/UK/India/TCDC Regional Managerial Training
Courses by Fertiliser Association of India, Bangalore
from 1 to 13 September 1980. Nil
28. India/FAO/Norway Seminar on maximising fertilisers N.A.
use efficiency, New Delhi, 15 to 19 September 1980.
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
------------------------------------------------------------
29. APPRACA/NAIA Seminar on Crop Insurance at 9,675.00
Tokyo, 16 to 20 September 1980.
30. Organisation of 2nd FAO/IBPGR/ICAR Regional N.A.
Training Course on Plant genetic resources exploration
and collecting techniques for South Asia at NBPGR,
New Delhi, 17 September to 16 October 1980.
31. M.Sc. Course in Demograpby Training at the London Nil
School of Economics under "Colombo Plan", London
from 29 September 1980 to 28 September 1981.
32. UNIDO Fifth Meeting of Heads of Technology Trans- Nil
fer Registries and similar Institutions held in Buenos
Aires (Agrentina) from 15 to 19 September 1980.
33. UNIDO Third Consultation Meeting on Pharmaceuticals Nil
Industry held in Sao Paulo (Brazil) from 29 September
to 4 October 1980.
34. 24th General Conference of the IAEA Vienna, 22 to 29
September 1980. 40,885.00
35. FAO/5th session of the Regional Animal Production
and Health Commission for Asia, The Far East and
South-west Pacific, Bangkok, 6 to 11 October 1980.
2,030.00
36. 14th session of the Permanent Committee and Second
Special session of the Industrial Development Board
(IDB) of UNIDO held in Vienna (Austria) from 13 to
17 October 1980. 6,647.06
37. FAO Training Course in Compost Technology at IARI,
New Delhi from 1 October to 5 November 1980. N.A.
38. UNIDO Meeting on exchange of Experience & Coopera-
tion among developing countries in the development of
Agricultural Machinery Industry including demonstra-
tion visits in Beijing (Peking), China, 22 to 27 October
1980. Nil
39. Commonwealth Expert Group Consultation on Veteri-
nary Services to Small farmers in developing common-
wealth countries from 27 October to 1 November 1980
at Anand (Gujarat). N.A.
40. FAO/DANIDA Workshop on handling Small Fish in
Arabian Sea, Mangalore, 3 to 15 November 1980.
NA.
41. FAO Workshop on Women's participation in Agri-
culture and Rural development, Hyderabad, 17 to 22
November 1980. NA
42. 25th session of the International Lead & Zinc Study
Group held in Geneva from 16 to 23 October 1980
N.A.
43. FAO/GCP/RAS/92-Integrated Pest Control in Rice
in Asia & The Pacific Meeting of National Programme
Leaders, Bangkok, 22 to 24 October 1980. Nil
---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
---------------------------------------------------------
44. The Seventh session of the UNEP Working Group
Meeting held in Geneva from 21 to 31 October 1980
Nil
45. 21st session of UNESCO held in Belgrade from 23
September to 28 October 1980. Nil
46. 12th session of FAO's Plant Protection Committee for
the South East Asia and Pacific Region, Chiangmai,
27 October to 3 November 1980. Nil
47. FAO/SIDA 6th Advisory Committee Meeting of the
Bay of Bengal Programme (GCP/RAS/O40/SWE)
in Penang, 4 to 7 November 1980. Nil
48. Official Discussions with UNIDRIOT in Rome on the
26 & 27 November 1980. 2,000.00
49. FAO/APHCA Regional Training Course/Workshop on
date base on limestack resources at Indian Agricultural
Research Statistics Institute, New Delhi from 1 to 6
December 1980. N.A.
50. UNEP Meeting on Deserlification Control, Nairobi
17 to 29 November 1980. Nil
51. UNIDO sponsored solidarity meeting of Minister of
industries from developing countries to assist the Indus-
trial development of Bangladesh at Dacca from 2 to 5
December 1980. Nil
52. FAO Seminar on role of women in social Forestry at
Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehradun, 4 to
9 December, 1980. Nil
53. Inter-sessional Meeting on some aspects of Regional
Cooperation in the context of the International Econo-
mic Order held in Kuala Lumpur from 8 to 12 Decem-
ber, 1980. 4,597.00
54. IUCN Conference on the Conservation of Wetlands
of International importance especially as Water Food
Habitat, Sandrina, 24 to 29 November, 1980. 4,190.00
55. 78th session of FAO Council, Rome, 24 November to
5 December 1980. 8,176.00
ESCAP:-
56. 3rd session of the ESCAP Committee on Shipping and
Transport, 21 January to 1 February 1980. 12,913.00
57. Resumed session of the UN Conference of the Law of
the Sea held in Geneva (sponsored by M.E.A.).
Nil
58. UN Conference on contracts for the International Sale
of Goods held in Vienna (sponsored by M.E.A.). Nil
---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
---------------------------------------------------------
59. 13th session of the UN Commission on International
Trade Law (UNCITRAL) held in New York (sponsored
by M.E.A.). Nil
60. 8th session of the Governing Council held in Nairobi
(sponsored by DST). Nil
61. 35th session of the UN General Assembly held in New
York (sponsored by M.E.A.). Nil
62. ESCAP:-First Preparatory Meeting held by ESCAP
Secretariat being set up to advise on the organisation
of the Third Asian & Pacific Population Conference,
29 October to 4 November 1980. Nil
63. ESCAP:-Fourth session of ESCAP Committee on
Industry, Technology, Human Settlements and Envi-
ronment held in Bangkok from 23 to 29 September
1980. 1,423.58
64. ESCAP:-ESCAP Inter-Governmental Meeting on
Agro and Allied Industries held at Tokyo from 21 to
27 October 1980. N.A.
-------------------------------------------------------
Mar 21, 1980 |
| APPENDIX II Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars
|
APPENDIX II
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars organised by Non-
Governmental Organisations (such as Asian Productivity Organisation, Inter-
national Cooperative Alliances, International Organisation for Standardisation,
etc.) in which Indian experts participated in their personal capacity with
Governmental assistance in 1980-81 (April, 1980 to March 1981)
|
-----------------------------------------------------
--
Sl. Title of the Conference, etc., Foreign Ex-
No. with venue and date change com-
ponent of Ex-
penditure in Rs.
-----------------------------------------------------
--
1 2 3
-----------------------------------------------------
--
1. Special Symposium to commemorate 20th Anni- N.A.
versary of the establishment of IRRI, Manila
Apr 21, 1980 to 25 April 1980.
2. IUFRO/MAB/UNESCO Research Conference in Nil
Multiple use of Forest Resources, Arizona (USA,
18 to 26 May 1980).
3. Seminar on Transportation held at Colombo from
14 to 22 May, 1980 organised by Economic Deve-
lopment Institute.
Cost borne by Eonomic De velopment Institute.
4. Joint Roving sponsored by ESCAP in Burma, Bang-
kok and Thailand (21 days from 8 May 1980).
36,435/-00
5. 3rd Techno-Economic Panel of Pepper Community
Sub-panel on Production, Indonesia, 2 to 6 June
1980. Expenditure met by Pepper Community of ESCAP
6. Study Meeting on Farmer Education and Extension
APO met all of Services, Tokyo (Japan), 26 June
to 5 July, 1980. the expenses.
7. Working Group of Experts sponsored by ESCAP for
drafting our Constitution for the Preparatory work
for the proposed meeting of the Ministers of Trans-
port including Railways. 7,922.90
8. Overseas Development Administration Conference
on Water Resources in Rural Development, Cambridge
(UK), 5 to 12 July 1980.
Expenditure met by ODA
9. Inter-Governmental Railway Group Bangkok, 21
to 23 August 1980 and 25 August 1980 to 1 Septem-
ber 1980
------------------------------------------------------
-
------------------------------------------------------
-
1 2 3
------------------------------------------------------
-
10. High level seminar on Institutional capability for
Regional Development in Asia being conducted by
UN Centre for Regional Development, Japan, 16 to
20 August 1980.
Expenditure met by UNCRD
11. IUCN Commission on Education Meeting, Sweden,
23 to 25 August 1980. Rs. 5,135.00
12. 64th session of International Dairy Federation,
Bristol (UK), 7 to 12 September 1980.
Expendtiure met by NDDB
13. ESCAP seminar on Agricultural Development Plan-
ning, Tashkent (USSR), 10 to 21 September 1980.
Expenditure met by ESCAP
14. IDF'S seminar on Recombination of Milk & Milk
products, Singapore 7 to 10 October, 1980.
Expenditure met by NDDB
15. Meeting of the Management Committee of the ICRA
in Brussels (10 October 1980)
16. ESCAP Inter-Governmental Meeting on Agro-Indus-
tries in Tokyo, 21 to 27 October 1980
3,700.00
17. 39th Plenary meeting of International Cotton Ad-
visory Committee and the Annual Meeting of ICIC,
Manila, 22 to 29 November 1980. 3,974.00
18. UN study of the Institutional arrangement relating
to the Process of disarmament:
Expenses were borne by UN.
(i) 7 to 10 April 1980
(ii) 30 June to 11 July 1980
-------------------------------------------------------
Apr 21, 1980 |
| APPENDIX III Miscellaneous Major International Conference
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX III
Miscellaneous Major International Conference, etc.,
in 1980-81 (April 1980 to March 1981) at which the
Government of India was representd in which Indian
experts participated with Government of India's
assistance in their personal capacity
--------------------------------------------------
Foreign Exchange
Sl. Title of Conference etc. component of
No. with venue and date expenditure
(Rs.)
-------------------------------------------------
1 2 3
-------------------------------------------------
1. Final Plenary Conference and 9th TCC Meeting
of INFCE-Vienna, Feb 22, 1080 to 29 February 1980
37,70 5-00
2. Workshop on Integrated Livestock Changmai (Thai-
land), 9 to 14 April 1980 Expenditure
met by BAIF.
3. Symposium of IRRI, Manila, 21 to 25 April 1980
All the expenses met by IRRI
4. Second meeting of the Commonwealth Working Group
of the Asia and Pacific Regions on Illicit Drugs
held at Kuala Lumpur on 5 & 6 May 1980 Not known
5. 1st International Symposium on the Protection of
Financial Establishments against Robbery and Burg-
lary held at Interpol Headquarters, Saint Claude,
Paris
from 6 to 8 May 1980 Not known
6. Expert Consultation on Farm Water Management at
Bilesvilley, USA, 13 to 15 May 1980 Expenditure
met by FAO
7. Seminar for Senior Officials in the Transport Sector
held at Colombo (Sri Lanka) from 14 to 22 May
1980 Nil
8. Workshop on Post-Harvest Grain Technology with
emphasis on Rice Pest and Quality Control, China,
18 May to 27 June 1980 Expr. met by
FAO
9. Bamboo Workshop, Singapore, 28 to 30 May 1980
Expr. met by TDRC
10. Briefing Session of Coordinators for assignment of
Fuelwood resources and needs on a regional basis for
the developing countries of the Third World, Rome,
21 to 23 May 1980 All the expense
s
met by FAO
11. Meeting of the group of experts on special study of
Energy held at Bangkok from 6 to 7 June 1980 Nil
-----------------------------------------------------
---
-----------------------------------------------------
---
1 2 3
------------------------------------------------------
---
12. FAO/Technical Consultation on Annual Genetic
Resourses & Management, Rome, 2 to 6 June 1980
Expr. met by FAO
13. Golden Jubilee Conference of the Bureaux held at Lon-
don in July 1980 Nil
14. Conference to discuss the Third World Collective reli-
ance in the field of Energy & Development held at Vienna
from 7 to 9 July 1980 Nil
15. Round Table Meeting entitled "beyond the Brandt
Commission" held at Sussex University from 10 to 12
July 1980 Nil
16. Norwegian International Fisheries Fair Norway, 12
to 15 August 1980 Expr. met b
y
NORAD.
17. Meeting of Latin American and Indian Engineering
Industry Representatives sponsored by the UNIDO
with collaboration of AIET and Economic Commis-
sion on Latin America (CEPAL) at Santiago from 4
to 6 August 1980 Not availab
le
18. ESCAP Seminar on Modern Methods of Mineral Pros-
pecting in USSR, 20 August to 9 September 1980.
Expenses met by host country
19. Participation in the Conference as Case Writer on
Forestry Site Case Studies, Honolulu, 1 to 18 Septem-
ber 1980 Expenses met by East-West Centre.
20. Second Oxford Energy Seminar held at Oxford (UK)
on 8 September 1980 Nil
21. Seminar on Population in Development Planning held
from 13 to 26 September 1980 in Chapel Hill. North
Carolina (USA) Nil
22. FAO/International Consultation on Cotton Production
Research with focus on the Asian Region, Manila, 17
to 21 November 1980 Expr. met b
y
FAO
23. 6th Asian Regional Conference of ICPO-Interpol held
at Manila (Philippines on 10 & 11 November 1980 Not known
24. Symposium on Grain Leguries Production, Chingmai.
Expenses met by FAO
25. Briefing session of FAO/UNEP Tropical Forest assess-
ment Project involving information for reappraisal of
Forest resources in five Asian countries, Rome, 9 to 30
November 1980
Expense met by FAO
26. 49th General Assembly session of the ICPO-Interpol
held at Manila (Philippines, 13 to 21 November 1980
Not known
27. Conference on Policy implications for Nitrogen Fixa-
tion Research held in Canberra from 3 to 9 December
1980 Nil
--------------------------------------------------------
Feb 22, 1080 |
| APPENDIX IV International Organisation
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX IV
-------------------------------------------------
International Organisation of which India becomes
a member during the year 1980-81 (from April 1980
to March 1981)
Name of the International Organisa- Name of the
International
Sl.tion of which India became a member Organisation
of which during the year 1980-81 India ceased to be
a member during the year 1980-81
---------------------------------------------------
1. Re-elected Member of the Industrial Board Nil
(IDB) of UNIDO.
2. International Union for Scientific Study -
of Population, Belgium.
3. International Association for Regional and -
Urban Statistics (IARUS), Netherlands.
4. - Ceased to be a member of
Executive Board of IFAD
5. International Telecommunications Satel- -
lite Organisation (INTELSAT)-Dr.
R. K. Dixit was elected its Member.
---------------------------------------------------
1980 |
| APPENDIX V Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed by India
|
APPENDIX V
Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed
by India with other countries in 1980*
---------------------------------------------------
Sl.Title of Convention/Treaty/ Date of Date of Date on Re
NO. Agreement signa- ratifica- which marks
ture tion/ entered
acces- into
sion/ force
accept-
ance
---------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
---------------------------------------------------------
MULTILATERAL
European Economic Community
(E.E.C.)
1. Financing Agreement between India
and European Economic Community
(E.E.C:) regarding Cyclone and flood
Protection Project, Orissa
Feb 12, 1980 - 12-2-80 -
2. Financing Agreement between India
and European Economic Community
(E.E.C.) regarding Flood Protection
Project, West Bengal
12-2-80 - 12-2-80 -
Food and Agriculture Organisation
(F.A.O.)
3. Agreement between India and Food
and Agriculture Organisation (F.A.
O.) regarding Improvement of Cocoa
Production and Primary Processing
12-3-80 - 1-4-80 -
4. Agreement between India and Food
and Agriculture Organisation (F.A.
O.) regarding Preliminary Assessment
of Utilization of Andaman Hardwood
for Paper Pulp
12-3-80 - 1-4-80 -
5. Agreement between India and Food
and Agriculture Organisation (F.A.
O.) regarding Propeller Nozzles for
Trawlers
12-3-80 - 1-4-80 -
-------------------------------------------------
*This list is not exhaustive.
------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
---------------------------------------------------
6. Agreement between India and Food
and Agriculture Organisation (F.A.
O.) regarding Integrated Watershed
Management, Planning and Monitor-
ing
12-3-80 - 1-4-80 -
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.)
7. Agreement between India and Gen-
ral Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (G.A.T.T.) regarding Import
Licensing Procedures
12-4-79 11-7-80 10-8-80 -
8. Agreement between India and Gene-
ral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.) regarding Interpretation
and Application of Articles VI, XVI
and XXIII of the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (G.A.T.T.)
12-4-79 11-7-80 10-8-80 -
9. Agreement between India and Gene-
ral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.) regarding Implementation
of Article VI of the General Agree-
ment on Tariffs and Trade (G.A.T.T.)
12-4-79 11-7-80 10-8-80 -
10. Agreement between india and Gene-
ral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.) regarding Implementa-
tion of Article VII of the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.)
12-4-79 11-7-80 10-8-80 -
11. Agreement between India and Gene-
ral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(G.A.T.T.) regarding Protocol to the
greement on implementation of
Article VII of the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (G.A.T.T)
1-11-79 11-7-80 10-8-80 -
United Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.)
12. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Transfer of
know-how through Expatriate Speci-
alists of Indian Origin
17-1-80 - 31-1-80 -
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
--------------------------------------------------
13. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Vacuum Stan-
dard
26-12-79 - 18-2-80 -
14. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Establishment
of Primary and Transfer Pressure
Standards
26-12-79 - 18-2-80 -
15. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Operational
Improvements for Indian Railways
17-4-80 - 18-4-80 -
16. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Post-Graduate
Hydrological Education and Re-
search (Univertsity of Roorkee)
3-4-80 - 26-4-80 -
17. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P) regarding Modernisation/
Augmentation of the Existing Facili-
ties for Radio Frequency Spectrum
Monitoring, Radio Direction Finding
and Inservice Training
26-4-80 - 16-5-80 -
18. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding UNDP support
to the T.C.D.C Programme between
India and other Developing Count-
ries
24-5-80 - 24-5-80 -
19. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Modern
Hydrographic Survey Training
3-4-80 - 12-6-80 -
20. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding system Engi-
neering for Integrated Development
of Water Resource in India
10-3-80 - 1-7-80 -
21. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Technical Man-
power Development for Indian Oil
Corporation Limited
28-12-79 - 17-7-80 -
----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
-----------------------------------------------
22. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P) regarding Hydrological
and Artificial Recharge Studies,
Madras
3-9-80 - 9-9 80 -
23. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Welding Re-
search Institute, Tiruchirapalli-
Phase II.
6-9-80 - 19-9-80 -
24. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Consultancy
Services for Indian Petroleum Refin-
ing Industry
21-7-80 - 3-10-80 -
25. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Training and
Development in Advanced Road and
Bridge Technology
1-5-80 - 13-10-80 -
26. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding Isotope Appli-
cation in Hydrology
9-9-80 - 17-10-80 -
27. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding the project No.
IND/79/034/A/01/01-Establishment
of Soil Dynamics Laboratory at
CSMES, New Delhi
4-11-80 - 18-11-80 -
28. Agreement between India and United
Nations Development Programme
(U.N.D.P.) regarding the project No.
IND/79/037/A/01/01-Establishment
of Research and Testing Facilities for
Rockfill
4-11-80 - 18-11-80 -
BILATERAL
ALGERIA
29. Agreement between the Government
of the Republic of India and the Go-
vernment of the Democratic and
Popular Republic of Algeria for Co-
operation in the Utilisation of Ato-
mic Energy for Peaceful Purposes
28-2-80 - 28-2-80 -
-----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
----------------------------------------------
AUSTRIA
30. Agreement between India and Austria
on financial Assistance to India for
Austrian Schillings 27.651 million
18-7-80 - 18-7-80 -
BANGLADESH
31. Trade Agreement between India and
Bangladesh
4-10-80 - 4-10-80 -
CANADA
32. Agreement between India and Canada
for a development loan for an agri-
cultural development project
15-3-80 - 15-3-80 -
33. Loan Agreement between India and
Canada of C $ 15 million for oil and
gas exploration
24-6-80 - 24-6-80 -
FRANCE
34. Protocol between India and France
regarding the development of Indo-
French Industrial and Commercial
Cooperation
28-1-80 - 28-1-80 -
35. Protocol between India and France
on Co-operation in Audio-Visual
25-2-80 - 25-2-80 -
36. Memorandum of Understanding
between India and France for the use
and development of new techniques
for Post and Telecommunications
28-2-80 - 28-2-80 -
37. Financial Protocol between India and
France relating to French Credits
meant to finance the Development
Plan of India
5-6-80 - 5-6-80 -
38. Credit Agreement between India
and Banque Pe Paris and Banque
Francaise Du Commerce Exterieur,
Paris, for six hundred million French
Francs
6-6-80 - 6-6-80 -
39. Convention between India and
Credit National Ltd., Paris, regarding
implementation of the Financial Pro-
tocol dated 5-6-80.
18-6-80 - 18-6-80 -
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
40. Loan Agreement between India and
KREDITANSTALT FUR WIEDER-
AUFBAU for DM 35 million
16-1-80 - 16-1-80 -
----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
------------------------------------------------
41. Exchange of Letters between India
and Federal Republic of Germany
regarding promotion of Conifers Re-
search Centre, Simla
6-2-80 - 6-2-80 -
2. Exchange of Letters between India
and Federal Republic or Gemany
regarding Erosion Prevention on the
Dhauladhar Range, Himachal Pra-
desh
13-5-80 - 13-5-80 -
43. Loan Agreement between India and
KREDITANSTALT FUR WIT-
DRAUFBAU for DM 5 million.
10-6-80 - 10-6-80 -
44. Guarantee Agreement between India
and KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDERAUFBAU to the Loan
Agreement dated 10-6-80
10-6-80 - 10-6-80 -
45. Agreement between India and Fe-
deral Republic of Germany concern-
ning financial Co-operation in
1980
23-6-80 - 23-6-80 -
46. Loan Agreement between India and
KREDITANSTALT FUR WIE-
DERAUFBAU for DM 44 million
24-6-80 - 24-6-80 -
47. Loan Agreement between India and
KREDITANSTALT FUR WIE-
DERAUFBAU for DM 40 million
24-6-80 - 24-6-80 -
48. Second Supplemental Loan Agree-
ment pertaining to the Loan Agree-
ment dated 27 December, 1977 in the
version of the Supplemental Loan
Agreement dated 5 October, 1979
between India and KREDITAN-
STALT FUR WIEDERAUFBAU
for DM 100,000,000 (Gujarat Ferti-
lizer Plant)
6-8-80 - 6-8-80 -
49. Loan Agreement between the Indus-
trial Finance Corporation of India
and KREDITANSTALT FUR WIE-
DERAUFBAU for DM 10,000,000
(IFCI XVIII)
6-8-80 - 6-8-80 -
JAPAN
50. Exchange of Notes between India
and Japan for the Grant Aid of Yen
50 million for the purchase of Science
Laboratory equipment from Japan
by the Archaeological Survey of
India
14-1-80 - 14-1-80 -
-------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
---------------------------------------------
51. Loan Agreement between India and
Japan for Bombay Off-Shore Oil
Field Development Project of Yen
6.2 billion
4-3-80 - 19-3-80 -
52. Loan Agreement between India and
Japan for the implementation of
Telecommunication Project (II)
8-5-80 - 20-8-80 -
53. Loan Agreement between India and
Japan of Yen 8.6 billion for the
implementation of the Bombay Off-
Shore Oil Field Development Pro-
ject (II)
25-7-80 - 21-8-80 -
NEPAL
54. Agreement between India and Nepal
regarding Money Order Service
4-3-80 - 13-4-80 -
55. Exchange of Letters between India
and Nepal regarding Coaxial Cable
Link between Birganj in Nepal and
Raxaul in India
21-7-80 - 21-7-80 -
NETHERLANDS
56. Agreement between India and Ne-
therlands Bank for Loan to be used
to finance requirements for goods
and/or services in connection with
the development of India
14-11-79 - 14-4-80 -
NORWAY
57. Plan of operation between India and
Norway for supply of Urea
17-9-80 - 17-9-80 -
PORTUGAL
58. Agreement between India and Portu-
gal regarding Cultural Co-operation
7-4-80 29-8-80 29-8-80 -
SRI LANKA
59. Agreement between India and Sri
Lanka regarding Cultural Co-
operation
29-11-77 - 27-5-80 -
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
60. Agreement between the Govern-
ment of the Republic of India and
the Government of the Syrian Arab
Republic for Cooperation for the
Utilisation of Atomic Energy for
Peaceful Purpose
1-5-80 - 1-5-80 -
--------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6
--------------------------------------------
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS
61. Agreement between India and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR) regarding working pro-
gramme of cooperation in the field
of irrigation
3-4-80 - 3-4-80 -
UNITED KINGDOM
62. Exchange of N tes between India
and United Kingdom regarding
Mixed Project Grant for L 70
million
19-3-80 - 19-3-80 -
63. Exchange of Notes between India
and United Kingdom regarding local
costs Aid Arrangement for L 33,184,
758.14 pense
19-3-80 - 19-3-80 -
64. Exchange of Notes between India
and United Kingdom regarding Coal
Sector Grant 1980 for L 11 million
19-3-80 - 19-3-80 -
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
65. Agreement between India and United
States of America regarding Inte-
grated Rural Health and Population
Project for US $ 23.7 million
29-8-80 - 29-8-80 -
66. Agreement between India and United
States of America regarding Rajas-
than Medium irrigation Project for
US $ 35 million
21-8-80 - 21-8-80 -
THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF
VIETNAM
67. Rice Loan Agreement between India
and the Socialist Republic of Viet-
nam
15-9-80 - 15-9-80 -
-------------------------------------------
Feb 12, 1980 |
| APPENDIX VI Statement showing number of Passports/miscellaneous services applications
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX VI
Statement showing number of Passports/miscellaneous
services applications received and number of
passports issued/miscellaneous services granted
during the period January 1980 to December 1980
--------------------------------------------------
Sl.Station Number of Number of Number of Number of
No. passport Passports applications miscella-
applications issued in for misc. neous
received 1980 services services
in 1980 received granted
in 1980 in 1980
--------------------------------------------------
1. Ahmedabad 60030 56469 26708 25373
2. Bangalore 32788 33969 8178 8373
3. Bhopal 13536 15339 3660 3809
4. Bhubaneswar 2726 2848 426 477
5. Bombay 212403 198489 200711 202092
6. Calcutta 24837 26967 15232 15574
7. Chandigarh 52849 50432 14482 14189
8. Cochin 74139 72104 65096 64929
9. Delhi 67641 65571 29894 29923
10. Gauhati 1989 1773 406 393
11. Hyderabad 55934 56898 14065 14259
12. Jaipur 45809 44538 7746 7690
13. Jullundur 73315 71926 25277 24754
14. Kozhikode 49185 49681 37127 37451
15. Lucknow 73502 90882 15147 11685
16. Madras 95265 95085 22382 22053
17. Patna 8894 7725 1797 1635
18. Srinagar 5463 5670 965 967
TOTAL 952128 946366 489299 485626
----------------------------------------------------
Details of Official, Diplomatic Passports issued/
serviced by Passport Visa Division of Ministry
during 1980 :
(a) Number of official passports issued 4190
(b) Number of official passports serviced 1114
(c) Number of Diplomatic passports issued 1062
(d) Number of Diplomatic Passports serviced 1062
1980 |
| APPENDIX VII Statement showing the total number of employees
|
APPENDIX VII
Statement showing the total number of employees,
(both permanent and tem- porary) in the Ministry
of External Affairs under various Groups and
repre- sentation of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes therein (position as
on Dec 31, 1980)
------------------------------------------------
Class Total Sche- Percen- sche- Percen-
number duled tage of duled tage of
of emplo- Castes total Tribes total
yees emplo- emplo-
yees yees
------------------------------------------------
Class I 687 49 6.1% 29 4.2%
Class II 1515 102 6.7% 8 0.5%
Class III 1069 102 9.5% 24 2.2%
Class IV (excluding
sweepers) 519 95 18.3% 9 1.7%
Class IV (Sweepers) 45 45 100% - -
----------------------------------------------
Dec 31, 1980 |
| APPENDIX VIII Statement showing the number of appointments
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX VIII
Statement showing the number of appointments
(both by direct recruitment and by promotion)
made to various Groups of Posts and reserved
vacancies filled by Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes durintg the year 1980
-----------------------------------------------
Number of vacan
cies
Total dereserved due
to non-number of Number of vacancies Number of reserved
availability of reserved Class vacancies reserved
candidates appointed candidates filled
Scheduled Scheduled Scheduled Scheduled Scheduled Sc
heduled Castes Tribe Castes Tribes Castes
T ribes
-------------------------------------------------------
Group A 20 3 2 3 2 -
-
Group B 244 63 32 16 2 49 2
9
Group C 299 50 29 31 8 25 2
0
Group D
(excluding
Sweepers) 66 8 4 7 - 1
4
Group D - - - - - -
-
(Sweepers)
NOTE : The above figures are exclusive of
employees working in the Central Passport
and Emigration Organisation.
---------------------------------------------
1980 |
| APPENDIX IX Revenue Expenditure of the Ministry
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX IX
Revenue Expenditure of the Ministry during the
Financial year 1980-81
---------------------------------------------
Revised Esti-
mates 1980-81
(Rupees in lakhs)
------------------------------------------------
Headquarters 6,92.11
Missions/Posts abroad 39,00.57
Supply wings at London and Washington 2,02.43
Other Items :
Contribution to U.N., Commonwealth Secretariat
and other International Institutions 3,21.51
Central Passport and Emigration Organisation 2,96.91
Other Miscellaneous items 27,01.19
Aid :
Aid to Bhutan 33,52.76
Aid to Nepal 14,21.60
Aid to other developing countries in Asia and
Africa under ITEC Programme 8,32.11
Aid to Bangladesh 1,21.50
Social Security and Welfare 34.21
---------------
TOTAL 1,38,76.90
------------------------------------------------
1980 |
| APPENDIX X Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/posts abroad
|
| Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX X
Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/posts abroad during 1980-81
The expenditure during 1980-81 on Headquarters of this Ministry is ex-
Peeled to be of the order of Rs. 692.11 lakhs; a sum of Rs. 185.84 lakhs is
towards establishment charges, a sum of Rs. 114.32 lakhs for Allowances
other than Travelling Allowance, a sum of Rs. 261.13 lakhs for Publicity,
communication, diplomatic bag service etc., a sum of Rs. 129.04 laksh
for travelling expenses and a sum of Rs. 1.78 lakhs for Departmental
Canteens.
The expenditure on Missions/Posts abroad including the Supply Wings
at London & Washington is Rs. 4103 -00 lakhs, out of which a sum of
Rs. 1629.00 lakhs is spent on Establishment Charges including Foreign and
other Compensatory Allowances, a sum of Rs. 521 -51 lakhs on passages for
transfers and local tours, Rs. 307.82 lakhs for publicity contingencies
and Rs. 1644.67 lakhs for official and residential accommodation, P & T
Chrarges and other Office Contingencies. The average annual expenditure per
Mission comes to Rs. 31.56 lakhs.
The expenditure mentioned above (viz. 4795.11 lakhs=Rs. 692.11 lakhs+
4103.00 lakhs) as per details above, on Headquarters and Missions/Posts
abroad included expenditure on External Publicity Programme activities; the
break-up of this expenditure is as under :-
|
(Rupees in lakhs)
(a) Headquarters
(i) Salaries (Officers 22, Staff 71) 12.04
(ii) Travelling Expenses 5.06
(iii) Publicity Contingencies Charges 100.89
--------
117.99
--------
(b) Missions/Posts abroad
(i) Salaries (Officers 88, Staff 550) 91.04
(ii) Foreign Allowance, Compensatory Allowance
54.96
(iii) Passages & Travelling Expenses 11.07
(iv) Publicity Contingencies 127.83
(v) Other Charges including renting of Residential
Accommodation & Other Office Contingencies
22.92
--------
TOTAL 307.82
--------
Total External Publicity 425.81
---------------------------------------------------
The expenditure on External Publicity as
detailed above cones to 8.9% of the expenditure
on Headquarters and Mission/Posts abroad.
(In lakhs of Rupees)
-------------------------------------------------
Establish- Travelling Office Total
ment Expenses Expenses,
Charges Official &
Residential
accommo-
dation
-------------------------------------------------
Secretariat
Headquarters 289.90 123.98 160.24 574.12
External Publicity
Division 12.04 5.06 100.89 117.99
-------------------------------------------------
-
301.94 129.04 261.13 692.11
-------------------------------------------------
-
Overseas Establishment
(a) Missions/Posts
abroad (excluding
Publicity Wings) 1483.00 510.44 1801.74 3795.
18
(b) Publicity Wings 146.00 011.07 150.75 307.
82
-------------------------------------------------
-
TOTAL1629.00 521.51 1952.49 4103.
00
-------------------------------------------------
-
GRAND TOTAL 1930.94 650.55 2213.62 4795.11
---------------------------------------------------
1980 |
| APPENDIX XI Strength of IFS & IFS(B) Cadres
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX XI
Strength of IFS & IFS(B) Cadres, Combined
Research Cadre and Interpreters Cadre
(a) IFS Cadre Strength
IFS Gr. I Posts = 18 (excluding 1 post
temporarily up- graded from Gr. III of IFS)
IFS Gr. II Posts = 21 (excluding 1 Post
temporarily up- graded from Gr. III of IFS)
IFS Gr. III Posts = 78 (excluding 2
Posts of Gr. IV tem- porarily upgraded,
1 post of FA(EA) and 3 ex-cadre posts)
IFS Gr. IV Posts = 80 (excluding 1
Post upgraded from Senior Scale of IFS)
Sr. Scale Posts = 243
Jr. Scale Posts = 99
Training Reserve (Jr. Scale) = 50
Leave Reserve = 19
Training Reserve = 19
Deputation Reserve = 20
(b) IFS (B) Cadre Strength
Gr. I Posts = 119
Gr. II/III Posts = 324
Gr. IV = 920
Gr. V = 131
Gr. VI = 594
(c) Cipher Sub-Cadre Strength
Grade II = 181
(d) Stenographer Sub- Cadre
Sel. Grade = 50
Grade I = 75
Grade II = 532
Grade III
= 116
(e) Combined Research Cadre = 45
(including isolated
research posts)
(f) Interpreters Cadre = 33
--------------------------------------------
pg105>
1980 |
| APPENDIX XII Foreign Language Chart
|
Jan 01, 1980
APPENDIX XII
Foreign Language Chart
(INDEX)
-----------------------------------------------
Sl. Language Total No. of
No. Officers passed/
knows the
language
-------------------------------------------------
1. Arabic 45
2. Burmese Nil
3. Chinese 27
4. Czech Nil
5. Dutch 1
6. French 70
7. German 29
8. Gorkhali 6
9. Hungarian 1
10. Bahasa-Indonesia 12
11. Italian 3
12. Japanese 13
13. Kiswahili 11
14. Malay-Bahasa 1
15. Persian 10
16. Polish 1
17. Portuguese 11
18. Pushtu Nil
19. Romanian 1
20. Russian 42
21. Serbo-Croation 2
22. Spanish 41
23. Swedish 1
24. Thai 1
25. Tibetan 2
26. Turkish 1
27. Vietnamese 3
--------------------------------------------
pg106>
1980
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