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Annual Reports Prior to 1999

Annual Report 1984-85

CONTENTS
Introduction
S.No. CHAPTERS Page No.(iii-xii)
I. India's Neighbours 1-8
II. South-East Asia 9-12
III. East Asia 13-17
IV. West Asia and North Africa 18-20
V. Africa (South of the Sahara) 21-23
VI. Europe 24-32
VII. The Americas 33-37
VIII. United Nations and International Conferences 38-65
IX. Foreign Economic Relations 66-72
X. Policy Planning 73-74
XI. External Publicity 75-78
XII. Cultural Relations 79-81
XIII. Protocol 82
XIV. Passport, Emigration and Consular Services 83-85
XV. Administration and Organisation 86-89
XVI. Use of Hindi in Official Work 90-92
APPENDICESa 93-127
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INTRODUCTION
The focus of Indian foreign policy during the year under review is encapsulated in a speech of the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, delivered just a few days before her tragic assassination. She stated :

"We inhabit a fragmented world, caught in the clash of wills and objectives. The utter mistrust between the militarily strong has gone so deep that even the word `peace' is looked upon as a dangerous trap. But human-kind can survive only if the big powers learn to co-exist. We must help to create an atmosphere conducive to discussions and the will to find solutions. The other divide is between the developed and the developing. For the first time in the human history, we have the technological means to end hunger and want, yet the benefits of all this knowledge reach only a few. Levels of living remain uneven. These are our most urgent concerns. India has been working to bring closer together what are called East and West, South and North."

India is deeply concerned over the escalating arms race, the rise in international tensions and the absence of willingness for constructive dialogue among the major nuclear weapon powers which have increased the risks of the outbreak of a nuclear war. India is of the view that a concerted world-wide effort must be made to halt the arms race and its dangerous extension to outer space. With this in view, the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, together with the Heads of Government or State of Argentina, Greece, Mexico, Sweden and Tanzania, launched on 22 May 1984 a major peace initiative. This five-Continent initiative, inter-alia, stated :

"As leaders of nations, member-States of the United Nations, we have a commitment to take constructive action towards halting and reversing the nuclear arms race. The people we represent are no less threatened by nuclear war than the citizens of the nuclear weapon states. It is primarily the responsibility of the nuclear weapon states to prevent a nuclear catastrophe but this problem is too important to be left to these states alone."

The joint statement called on the nuclear weapon states to halt the testing, production and deployment of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems to be followed by a programme of arms reduction, leading to general and complete disarmament. It also urged measures to strengthen the United Nations system and to ensure urgently needed transfer of substantial resources from the arms race to social and economic development.
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This appeal, which represented a significant step in mobilising world public opinion in favour of disarmament evoked strong support in the international community at large. The responses of the nuclear weapon states, however, have, with one exception, been less than encouraging.

The leaders of these six countries decided to meet in New Delhi in January, 1985 to consider ways to further their efforts. The Delhi Declaration adopted on 28th January 1985, reaffirmed the appeal of May 1984. It further called for urgent steps to prevent an arms race in outer space and for a comprehensive treaty prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons. The six leaders have also discussed various follow-up measures.

India is equally concerned about the persistence of economic distress among large sections of mankind and the widening gap between the developed and developing. Keeping this in view, India drew attention in various international fora to the close link between disarmament and development. It was pointed out that significant reductions in the wasteful global military expenditure, which is rapidly approaching the staggering figure of US $ 1000 billion a year, by a handful of industrialised countries alone, will not only help ease tensions the world over but also contribute to recovery and growth in the world economy. This could be used to augment the currently decreasing levels of assistance to developing nations. India has repeatedly emphasised at various international fora that the proposals for a Conference on Disarmament and Development should be taken up seriously.

In her capacity as Chairperson of the NAM, the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, addressed letters to all the participants of the London Summit of industrialised countries and sent her personal emissaries to the capitals of these countries to impress upon them the significance and continuing validity of the approach suggested by the New Delhi Summit on economic issues. The industrialised countries were called upon to take a more constructive attitude towards the problems of the developing countries as well as the structural problems facing the world economy. The late Prime Minister also set up a Group of Experts consisting of leading economists from Algeria, India, Mexico, Tanzania and Yugoslavia, to examine the functioning of the existing international monetary and financial system and the modalities of the proposal for an International Conference on Money and Finance for Development. The report submitted by the group makes a valuable contribution towards clarifying ideas and making suggestions for resolving the present monetary and financial problems facing the international economy.

Consistent with its position at the helm of the Non-Aligned Movement, India has taken a number of initiatives and, along with the members of the Co-ordinating Bureau, played an active and significant role in important international fora, such as the UN General Assembly and the Security Council. On issues such as Disarmament, Apartheid, Namibia, Palestine, Cyprus and Central America, the Movement has taken a number of measures as follow-up action to the decisions taken at the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit held in New Delhi in March 1983.
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The tragic assassination of Shrimati Indira Gandhi on 31st October 1984 took from us one of the world's foremost champions of peace, disarmament and development. She epitomised the aspirations of the entire human race, She was dedicated to an international order in which power would be tempered by compassion, and knowledge and capability were at the service of humanity. She was against all forms of exploitation and foremost in advocating a lessening of economic disparity among nations. As Chairperson of the Non-Aligned Movement, she gave the Movement content, dynamism and cohesion. Her death was not only a great loss to the Indian people but to all the peace-loving people of the world. The great respect, affection and esteem with which she was held was demonstrated by the visit of more than 35 Heads of State/Government and more than 120 delegations from all over the world to New Delhi to pay homage at her funeral.

The smooth and orderly manner in which Shri Rajiv Gandhi was appointed Prime Minister and the free, fair and peaceful manner in which the general elections were subsequently held and the new Government headed by Shri Rajiv Gandhi installed in office impressed the entire world as evidence of the maturity and strength of the Indian democratic system.
Immediately on assuming office, the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, reiterated his commitment to the basic approach and principles of foreign policy, bequeathed by Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. He stated :

"We have always believed in working for peace. Our policy is to be friends with all countries on the basis of reciprocity and mutual benefit. Our commitment to non-alignment and new economic order based on justice, equality and mutual co-operation is unshakable. This means a total dedication to the twin causes of peace and development. We also believe in safeguarding the independence of states and upholding the principles of non- interference and non-intervention."
In the immediate neighbourhood of South Asia, India's policy is directed towards promoting mutual trust, understanding and co- operation. India was determined to resolve problems with these countries on the basis of mutual respect, sovereign equality and friendship.

The continued violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka has caused deep concern in India. The situation does not lend itself to a military solution. The only approach is to seek a political solution acceptable to all concerned. India, therefore, viewed with dismay the lack of any progress in the All Party Conference, and its termination in December 1984.

India was unhappy at the promulgation of a surveillance zone by the Sri Lankan Government in the waters between Sri Lanka and India and consequent harassment,
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killing and capture of innocent Indian fishermen. When their naval craft intruded into our waters, our coastguard took appropriate measures to deal with them. India viewed with concern the induction of foreign security and intelligence organisations into Sri Lanka as also the irresponsible accusations by Sri Lankan leaders of Indian support for the so-called Tamil militants. These are totally baseless accusations. We have repeatedly stated that we were opposed to all forms of violence and terrorism.

The Government of India hope that a political solution to the problems of the Tamils will be found soon within the framework of a united Sri Lanka so that the more than 40 thousand Sri Lankan refugees now in India can return to their country in safety and dignity.

The Government of India continued its efforts to develop cordial and co-operative relations with Pakistan in keeping with India's commitment to the letter and spirit of the Simla Agreement. The discussions during the year on the two drafts of the 'Friendship Treaty' proposed by India and the 'No-War Pact' proposed by Pakistan resulted in convergence of views on certain aspects though basic difference continued to remain. However, Pakistan's deep involvement in Punjab developments and their help and encouragement to terrorism and hijacking caused a set-back to progress on bilateral relations. The Government of India was constrained to call off the Foreign Secretary level talks scheduled for July 1984 and the Joint Commission meeting scheduled for August 1984 because Pakistan's objectives and intentions remained unclear. It was felt that Pakistan could not continue to act in hostility while professing friendship. While the Government of India is committed to pursuing a relationship of good neighbourliness, cordiality and co-operative bilateralism with Pakistan, it is hoped that Pakistan would respond positively in carrying forward the relations between the two countries for the mutual benefit of the peoples of the two countries.


While there has been a steady improvement in India's bilateral relations with Bangladesh, particularly in the area of economic co-operation, certain problems persist, involving issues such as the augmentation of Ganga waters at Farakka, the large scale infiltration of migrants from Bangladesh, the Bangladesh reaction to our decision to construct a fence along India-Bangladesh border to prevent further infiltration, the problem of settlement of claims of Indian nationals in regard to vested properties and the lease of the Tin Bigha Corridor to Bangladesh. While the dialogue on the augmentation of Ganga waters is continuing, the Government of India's decision to erect a barbed wire fence on the border to stop further illegal immigration of Bangladesh nationals into India led to unpleasant incidents earlier during the year including unprovoked firing by Bangladesh security forces on Indian personnel engaged in construction work within Indian territory. India has conveyed to Bangladesh that the barbed fence is not an issue between the two countries and is not directed against Bangladesh. As regards the properties of Indian nationals which were vested in the Government of Bangladesh without any compensation, the Government of Bangladesh issued in
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August 1984 instructions stopping further vesting of such properties or the transfer of properties already vested. Regarding the Tin Bigha Corridor, the Government of India is taking steps to facilitate the early implementation of the agreement for lease in perpetuity of the Tin Bigha Corridor.
India continued to consolidate the close and cordial relations existing with Bhutan and Nepal. India not only made major contributions to Bhutan's Fifth Plan but has even initiated discussions on her Sixth Plan beginning in 1987 which will introduce a new phase in Bhutan's development. Indian agencies have been executing major projects in the field of telecommunications, hydrology, geology, roads and archaeology and also several other projects on a smaller scale. India is closely involved in the development of education and technical skills in Bhutan. The inauguration of the Devi Ghat Hydro-electric Project by His Majesty the King of Nepal during the year marked a significant milestone in Indo-Nepal economic co-operation. There were other numerous large and small projects under implementation in the field of health care, drinking water supply, education, construction of roads and a sports complex, underlining the extent of this co-operation. The discussions between the two countries on various projects in the field of water resources have made significant progress. Indo-Nepal co-operation in trade and industry, particularly increased Indian private sector interest in Nepal, is gaining momentum.

India's cordial and friendly relations with Burma and Maldives were further strengthened by the exchange of visits at different levels and steps taken to enlarge trade and economic relations.

India continued to work bilaterally and with the other non- aligned states for the removal of all foreign military presence from the Indian Ocean. India viewed with disquiet the further increase of the military presence of the Great Powers in the Indian Ocean reflecting the heightened tension and uncertainty in international relations. The Great Powers sought to improve the military facilities available to them in the littoral states and to seek fresh bases and facilities in the area. India hoped that the littoral states would not align themselves with either of the Great Powers or offer facilities which would invite countervailing reaction. India continued to work for the convening of the UN Conference on the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. It is a matter of regret for India that the Conference has been postponed to the first half of 1986.

India has viewed with concern the tense situation in and around the Indo-Chinese States. The outbreak of fighting in Kampuchea, the continued tension along the Sino-Vietnamese frontier and differences between Laos and Thailand regarding sovereignty over three villages on their frontier have all contributed to the building up of the tense situation in the area. Even though different proposals were put forward by the Indo-Chinese States on the one hand and the ASEAN countries on the other for finding a political solution to the problems in the region, there is as yet no agreement among all the concerned parties for holding negotiations with a view to finding a solution. India
-(vii)> continues to believe that a political solution to the problems of the region can be found and that the proposal made in the Political Declaration of the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit Conference provide a good basis for finding such a solution.

India has made concerted efforts to expand its relations with the countries of East Asia. The Fifth Round of India-China official level talks was held in Beijing from 17 to 22 September 1984. Apart from having an indepth exchange of views on the boundary question, the occasion was also utilised for promoting bilateral exchanges in the fields of culture, education, science and technology. The India-China Trade Agreement incorporating the most favoured nation clause was signed and this is expected to create a good basis for further growth of trade relations between the two countries.

The visit of the Japanese Prime Minister in May 1984 marked a new phase in Indo-Japanese relations and signified the mutual desire for further consolidation and expansion of the cordial relations existing between the two countries. The visit of a high-powered Japanese Government Economic Mission from 30 November to 7 December 1984 and the holding of the 17th Business Co-operation Committee meeting during this visit enabled the two sides to discuss the scope and problems of investment and collaborations in India particularly in the field of automobiles and electronics. Steps were also taken to strengthen the economic, trade and cultural relations with the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Mongolia.

India continued to extend material and moral support to the people of Palestine. India viewed with concern the prevailing tension in West Asia brought about, among other things, by the continuing presence of Israeli troops in Lebanon. India urged the withdrawal of all foreign forces, beginning with that of Israel, from Lebanon and expressed the hope that the Lebanese people would, in a spirit of national reconciliation, quickly bring about peace and security in Lebanon. The visit of the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, in April 1984 to Libya and Tunisia contributed considerably to the strengthening of relations with these countries.

The continuing Iran-Iraq war which entered its fifth year received utmost attention from the Indian Government and the late Prime Minister both in her capacity as Chairperson of the Non- Aligned Movement and as the Prime Minister of India, tried to find ways and means to bring about an immediate end to the war and settlement of the dispute by negotiations. She sent special emissaries to the concerned capitals and also undertook consultations with other members of the Non-Aligned Movement and friendly countries in order to achieve the objective of peace in the region. Unfortunately the various proposals put forward could not bring about an end to the unfortunate conflict.

India continued to improve her relations with countries in the Gulf region in diverse fields. The visit of the President of India, Giani Zail Singh, to the Yemen Arab Republic and Peoples' Democratic Republic of Yemen in October 1984 contributed
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considerably to the strengthening of India's relations with these countries. The unprecedented step taken by the Government of the United Arab Emirates in returning the hijackers of an Indian Airlines plane from Dubai in September 1984 highlighted the close and friendly relations existing between India and the UAE. India's economic and commercial relations with the Gulf countries continued to show substantial progress and efforts have been made from the Indian side towards greater export of manufactures, equipment, machinery and complete projects.

India continued with its policy of strengthening the on-going process of multifaceted co-operation with the countries of the African region extending moral, material and diplomatic support to the friendly states and liberation movements while continuing with its policy of firm opposition to the system of apartheid and racial discrimination in South Africa and a total boycott of the racist regime practising it. India responded with understanding to the fast evolving political situation in Southern Africa and generally endorsed the position in this regard taken by the Frontline States at their meeting in Arusha (Tanzania) in April 1984. The Arusha meeting, inter-alia, called upon South Africa to dismantle the root cause of instability in the region, i.e., apartheid. India rejected outright the so-called constitutional reforms within South Africa, introduced by the racist regime, and urged the people of South Africa to oppose the elections (held under the new Constitution), aimed at dividing and weakening the struggle against apartheid.


The great importance attached by India to relations with the African countries was demonstrated in its decision to make a donation of one lakh tonnes of wheat to the drought-affected countries in Africa. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, pledged India's solidarity with the famine-affected African countries and expressed India's readiness to share its experience and resources in helping them to meet this challenge.

The President of India visited Mauritius to participate in the 150th anniversary of Indian emigration to Mauritius, in which a number of cultural delegations from India also participated. Counterpart celebrations of this event were also held in India. India also took steps to strengthen its relations with Nigeria, Ethiopia and Kenya.

India's economic and trade relations with the countries of Western Europe continued to grow during the year. India received from these countries considerable financial assistance. Some of these countries, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, France and the UK continued to be important sources of technology transfers into India. With the growth of economic relations with the ten countries of the EEC, who are at present amongst India's major trading partners, the need was felt for political consultations with the EEC. Accordingly, India and the EEC decided to institutionalise political co-operation and this was inaugurated by the Foreign Minister, Shri Narasimha Rao, in April 1984 during his visit to France (which held the Presidency of the EEC during January-June 1984).
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The extensive political and economic relations with the USSR and the countries of East Europe were further consolidated during the year. The visit of the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, to the Soviet Union to pay respect to the memory of President Andropov, was utilised to exchange views on bilateral relations and important international issues with the newly elected General Secretary of CPSU Central Committee, Mr. K. U. Chernenko. An important event in bilateral economic relations was the successful Indian National Exhibition in Moscow organised by TFAI in August-September 1984. This Exhibition gave a comprehensive view of the Indian industry and economy and also led to mutually beneficial commercial transactions. Another notable event in Indo-Soviet co-operation was the joint space venture which took place in August 1984. The visit of the President of the Presidium of Yugoslavia, Mr. Veselin Djuranovic, along with a high-level delegation, to India in August 1984 provided an opportunity to hold extensive discussions on bilateral issues, as well as on the activities of India and Yugoslavia in the Non-Aligned Movement. The occasion was also utilised for an indepth review of Indo-Yugoslav economic co- operation and trade.

Despite the perception on various issues remaining different, India made sincere efforts for better understanding with USA during the year under review. The continued supply of sophisticated arms by USA to Pakistan was the single most important factor generating friction between the two countries. India repeatedly impressed upon the US Government officials that the supply of sophisticated arms to Pakistan adversely affected Indo-US relations, encouraged an arms race on the Sub-Continent and jeopardised the normalisation of relations between Pakistan and India. Another issue which cast a shadow over Indo-US relations was the activities of extremist leaders who were operating from the US and supporting the so-called Khalistan movement in India. The repeated Indian plea that such activities were detrimental to Indo-US relations had little effect although the proposed Congressional hearing on Punjab to be held by the Sub-Committee for Asia and Pacific Affairs and the Human Rights Committee of the US Congress was first postponed and later cancelled. The US Government also played a commendable role in the termination of the hijacking of an Indian Airlines Boeing 737. On the economic and commercial front the relations between the two countries expanded significantly during the year. India accepted the invitation of NASA to include an Indian scientist in the US space shuttle mission. A Memorandum of Understanding on the transfer of high technology between the two countries was initialled during the year.

Indo-Canadian relations remained cordial and the economic and commercial relations between the two countries were further consolidated by the visit of a Canadian industrial delegation, which participated in the Canada-India Joint Business Council meeting held in May 1984, and the visit of an economic mission from Canada's Manitoba province.

India's relations with countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean were further strengthened during the year by exchanges of visits at various
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levels. The State visit of the President of India to Mexico and Argentina in April 1984 and his meeting with the President of Peru during a brief halt in Lima and the visits of the Presidents of Mexico and Argentina to India in January 1985 contributed significantly to the strengthening of relations between India and these Latin American countries. The first Indo-Mexican Joint Commission meeting which was held in September 1984, discussed, apart from recent developments and economic prospects in the context of the present world situation, steps for increased bilateral trade and closer co-operation in the areas of industry, energy, finance, transport and tourism. An agreement of Economic Co-operation between India and Argentina was signed during the visit of the President of Argentina to India in January 1985.

India viewed with concern the continued tension and uncertainty in the region of Central America. The Prime Minister and Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, issued on 14 November 1984 a statement on the Central American crisis, expressing concern over the escalating tensions and threats of armed conflicts in the region, especially in and around Nicaragua.

India is deeply concerned that the economic crisis continued to dominate the economic prospects of both developed and developing countries during the year under review. Though some industrialised countries, particularly in North America, experienced a degree of economic recovery, such recovery was uneven and appeared to be transient. At any rate, it has had little impact on developing countries. Developing countries in general, and the low income countries in particular, continued to suffer from rising protectionism in industrialised countries and a sharp decline in the availability of concessional finance. Further, there has been a growing tendency on the part of major industrialised countries to seek unilateral or bilateral solutions for their immediate problems and a systematic effort to weaken the multilateral institutions in the fields of development, finance and trade. Instead of intensifying multilateral co-operation, there appears to be a move to retreat from multilateralism. India, together with the Non-Aligned and other developing countries, has sought to reverse this trend and to strengthen international economic co-operation. Unfortunately, the response from the major industrialised countries has been quite disappointing. They have taken a somewhat complacent view of the debt and development crisis and in effect have affirmed the adequacy of the existing financial institutions to deal with the situation.

An important element of the New International Economic Order is greater co-operation among developing countries themselves. Intensive work continued during the year under review to promote such co-operation. A number of technical meetings were held under the Caracas Programme of Action for Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries (ECDC). Some of the initiatives taken under the Caracas Programme are the establishment of a Global System of Trade Preferences among developing countries, the proposal for the establishment of a Bank of Developing Countries (South Bank), the establishment of an Action
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Committee on Fossil Fuels and the setting up of a Multi-Sectoral Information Network for technical co-operation among developing countries.

One of the concrete manifestations of ECDC is the agreement reached among the seven countries of South Asia to launch an Integrated Programme of Action for South Asian Regional Co- operation (SARC). After the adoption of the SARC Declaration at the meeting of the Foreign Ministers held in New Delhi in August 1983, intensive work has begun for the implementation of the agreed programmes of co-operation. The second meeting of Foreign Ministers was held in Male on 10 and 11 July 1984. It was stressed at this meeting that increasing emphasis should be placed on operational activities and the formulation of specific projects. To this end, the meeting accepted India's suggestion that consideration should be given to the convening of meetings at the level of Ministers in some vital areas. The meeting decided to recommend the convening of the SAARC Summit in Dhaka in the last quarter of 1985.

The implementation of the Indian Technical and Economic Co- operation (ITEC) Programme continued to be one of the major activities of the Ministry during the year. Compared with the initial budgetary allocation of Rs. 0.44 million in 1964, when the ITEC Programme was launched, the allocation of Rs. 65 million during the year under review signifies a tremendous increase in India's technical co-operation with developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America over the years. This is aside from the specific individual programmes of co-operation with neighbouring countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, and from technical assistance to other developing countries rendered through the Colombo Plan, SCAAP and through the provision for technical co-operation out of the amount earmarked for India by the UNDP.

As part of India's endeavour to strengthen south-south co- operation, India further strengthened its relations with multilateral regional groupings such as the Economic Commission for Africa, African Development Bank, Economic Commission of West African States and the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference.

India's external publicity effort had to face a particular challenge due to developments in the Punjab. Since national and international attention was focused on the Punjab situation, it became necessary to disseminate correct information on a very wide scale. Hostile propaganda and misreporting had to be combated. To meet this challenge, India's information activity was considerably enhanced and effective use was made of modern facilities such as video and audio tapes and documentary films. Efforts were also made to project India's firm commitment to democracy, non-alignment and world peace, peaceful use of nuclear energy and outer space, moral and material commitment against apartheid and in support of majority rule in Namibia and support in the Palestinian cause. In the context of India's
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chairmanship of the Non-Aligned Movement, steps were taken to publicise India's initiative within the framework of NAM. In spite of the trials and tribulations the country has undergone during the year, India remianed faithful to the basic tenets of our foreign policy such as our firm commitment to the policy of Non-Alignment and to promotion of international co- operation and understanding. Our size, population, history and geopolitical situation have placed special responsibilities on us, and we have the added obligation of leading the Non-Aligned Movement. We have discharged our responsibilities playing a significant role in promoting peace, security, disarmament and development in the world.
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INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS
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It is a basic tenet of India's policy to foster relations of mutual trust, understanding and co-operation with neighbouring countries in south Asia. This stems from India's awareness that her own security and welfare are inextricably linked with the security and welfare of her neighbours.

The ethnic disturbances in Sri Lanka in July-August 1983 and the continued violence against Tamils caused deep concern in India. India continued to emphasise the urgent need of finding a political solution which would restore ethnic harmony in Sri Lanka and enable the communities there to live in amity and peace.

In early January 1984, as part of India's good offices to Sri Lanka for facilitating an early political settlement of the ethnic problem, the Indian Prime Minister's Special Envoy, Shri G. Parthasarathi, paid his third visit to Sri Lanka. The visit paved the way for the Tamil United Liberation Front's participation in the All Parties Conference proposed by President Jayewardene. Despite several rounds of discussions, however, the Conference failed to achieve substantial progress and was terminated in December 21, 1984 without any settlement being reached.

The Sri Lankan Government also enacted a series of extra- ordinary measures such as the promulgation of a Surveillance Zone in the waters between India and Sri Lanka, restricting the movement of vessels. The Government of India informed the Sri Lankan Government that such a zone was not compatible with the provisions of the Indo-Sri Lanka Maritime Boundary Agreement and could cause harassment to Indian fishermen who have been traditionally plying in these waters. Later several incidents occurred involving harassment, intimidation and attacks on Indian fishermen by Sri Lankan naval craft. The Indian Government protested to the Sri Lankan Government over these incidents.

The Sri Lankan Government announced the establishment of an Israeli Interests Section in the U.S. Embassy in Colombo and obtained the services of the Israeli intelligence organisation and British security experts. The induction of foreign security and intelligence organisations in Sri Lanka was viewed with concern in India.
Unfortunate allegations were made in Sri Lanka questioning India's policy and intentions. The Government of India repeatedly stated that there was no truth, whatsoever, in such allegations. India was only interested in an early resolution of the
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ethnic problem in Sri Lanka since it had direct repercussions for her. Over 40,000 Sri Lankan Tamils had fled their homes in Sri Lanka and sought refuge in India, India had provided them with shelter on humanitarian grounds. The Indian Government hoped that a situation would soon be created in Sri Lanka which would enable these refugees to return to their own country.

India reiterated her opposition to all forms of violence. India emphasised that the ethnic problem in Sri Lanka was essentially a political one and should be resolved peacefully through a negotiated political settlement within the framework of Sri Lanka's unity and territorial integrity.

President Jayawardene paid an official visit to India on 30th June, 1984. India's policy of non-interference in Sri Lanka's internal affairs and her commitment to Sri Lanka's integrity was clarified to him. The necessity and urgency of a political solution acceptable to all concerned was also stressed during the visit.

The Government of India continued its efforts to develop cordial and co-operative relations with Pakistan in keeping with India's commitment to the letter and spirit of the Simla Agreement. The four Sub-Commissions of the India-Pakistan Joint Commissions which met in January 1984, made some modest progress. During Foreign Secretary's visit to Pakistan in May 1984, a protocol on 'Group Tourism' was signed and travel restrictions were somewhat eased by amending the Visa Agreement of 1974. Detailed discussions on the two drafts of the 'Friendship Treaty' proposed by India and the 'No-War Pact' proposed by Pakistan resulted in a convergence of views on certain aspects, though differences continued to remain on some of the basic concepts. The Information Minister, Shri H. K. L. Bhagat, visited Pakistan in July 1984 to reiterate our desire for good neighbourly relations and to make an assessment of Pakistan's real motives and intentions.

Pakistan's deep involvement in the Punjab developments, highly provocative statements made by Pakistan leaders, distorted and mischievous projection of Punjab developments by the Pakistan official media including their television, had cast their shadow. Pakistan's continued interference in our internal affairs even after the visit of our Information Minister and their subsequent help and encouragement to terrorism and hijacking caused a further set-back to the development of bilateral relations. The Government of India was constrained to call off the Foreign Secretary-level talks scheduled for July 1984 and the Joint Commission meeting scheduled for August 1984, because it was felt that Pakistan should have some time to clearly formulate its objectives and intentions before negotiations were resumed. It was felt that Pakistan cannot continue to act in hostility while professing friendship. The active assistance given to the hijackers of the August 1984 hijacking incident, including the handing over of a pistol at Lahore, continuing assistance to extremist elements in Punjab, and facilities extended to Sikh extremists from third countries to indulge in virulent anti-India propaganda in November 1984 during Guru Nanak Dev's birth anniversary continued to cause misgivings in the minds of our people.
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The Government of India remains committed to the search for a relationship of good neighbourliness, cordiality and cooperative coexistence with Pakistan. The Government of India's earnest hope is that Pakistan will respond positively in carrying forward the relations between the two countries for the mutual benefit of our peoples.

India continued to be of the view that there can only be a political settlement of the issues related to Afghanistan through peaceful negotiations and supported the UN Secretary-General's efforts towards that end. The Government's policy continued to reflect India's abiding interest in the independence, sovereignty, non-alignment, stability and security of Afghanistan and our anxiety for the early return of normalcy in that country, free from all kinds of interference and intervention.


In the bilateral field, Indo-Afghan relations developed satisfactorily. The Government of India continued to pursue its efforts to strengthen the friendly relations that have existed between India and Bangladesh.

There were a number of high level exchanges during the period under review. The Standing Committee of the India-Bangladesh Joint Economic Commission held its second meeting in New Delhi on 15-16 October, 1984, in an atmosphere of cordiality, goodwill and understanding. The Committee reviewed the recent developments in trade matters and agreed to make continued efforts to expand and diversify bilateral trade. The Committee also reviewed the progress of collaboration in the fields of industry, including small and cottage industries, transport and communication, science and technology. Several new projects on which Indian assistance was sought, were identified.

An Indo-Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transport and Trade was signed in New Delhi on 17 September, 1984 at the conclusion of Secretary-level talks. This protocol is valid for two years unlike earlier protocols on Inland Water Transport which were valid for one year only.

While there has been a steady improvement in our bilateral relations with Bangladesh, particularly in the area of economic cooperation, certain problems have persisted. These involve issues such as : the augmentation of Ganga waters at Farakka; the large scale infiltration of migrants from Bangladesh; Bangladesh's reaction to our decision to prevent further infiltration by constructing a fence along the Indo-Bangladesh border; the problem of settlement of claims of Indian nationals whose properties were taken over by the Government of erstwhile East Pakistan, now
-4> Bangladesh, as vested properties; and the lease of the Tin Bigha Corridor to Bangladesh.

The Memorandum of Understanding of October, 1982 on augmentation of the Ganga flows at Farakka and for sharing of Ganga waters expired on 31 May 1984. The position of the Government of India has all along been that a long-term sharing agreement can be assured only by a suitable augmentation of the Ganga waters. The need to augment the flows of the Ganga at Farakka has been recognised by Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh has not been willing to accept our proposal to augment the flows of the Ganga from the Brahmaputra, through a link canal. The 26th and 27th Meetings of the JRC were unable to make any progress on this issue. Recognising the need for continuing the dialogue, the two sides agreed to meet at an early date in Dhaka.

The Government of India's decision to erect a barbed wire fence on the border to stop the flow of illegal immigrants into India, which has created serious socio-economic and political problems in our north-eastern states, led to unpleasant incidents earlier during the year under review including unprovoked firing by Bangladeshi security forces on Indian personnel engaged in construction work within Indian territory. We have conveyed to Bangladesh that the barbed wire fence is not an issue between the two countries and is not directed against Bangladesh. The Government of India have decided to resume construction of the fence soon.

As regards properties of Indian nationals, which were vested in the Government of Bangladesh without any compensation, the Government of India has repeatedly taken up the matter with the Government of Bangladesh. In August 1984 instructions were issued by the Bangladesh Government stopping further vesting of such properties and the transfer of properties already vested.

Further progress has been made in the demarcation of the Indo- Bangladesh boundary. Till recently it was not possible to implement the agreement on the Tin Bigha Corridor owing to legal difficulties. The Government is now in the process of working out such details as construction of the flyover, acquisition of land for lease to Bangladesh etc., so that the Agreement with Bangladesh on Tin Bigha can be implemented soon.

Around seventy Bangladeshi scholars have availed themselves of scholarships offered by India during 1984-85, for pursuing studies in Indian universities and technical institutes. Training facilities have also been made available to Bangladeshi personnel on Indian railways and in the NSI, Kanpur. Indian experts also visited Bangladesh during the year under review to provide consultancy services in the areas of sugar technology, cement and small industries.
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High level contacts, both formal and informal, reflected the close and cordial ties that mark India's relations with Bhutan. His Majesty the King of Bhutan was the Chief Guest at our Republic Day 1984 celebrations. Opportunities offered by the visit of Bhutanese dignitaries were utilised for consultation on both international and bilateral matters and revealed a close identity of perceptions. His Majesty was also present at the last rites of the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi. Bhutan declared 21 days of mourning and 49 days of prayers and during this period no celebrations were held even on the occasion of the Bhutanese National Day which fell within that period.

The Indo-Bhutan Trade Agreement signed in December, 1983 came fully into operation. Necessary steps were taken to facilitate Bhutan's trade flow across our border and its trade with third countries. A Telecommunications Agreement was signed during the year under review, following which the Indo-Bhutan Microwave Link, an important bilateral project, came into operation. The Link permits communications by telephone between the Royal Kingdom, India and third countries, and is a symbol of the joint progress of the two countries.

Major Indo-Bhutanese projects are nearing completion. The Rs. 204 crores 336 MW Chukha Hydel Project is programmed to be inaugurated in 1985. Work on a transmission line network to distribute power from this project within Bhutan is being implemented with Indian aid. Power surplus to Bhutan's needs will be available for utilisation in India.

Inauguration of Chukha-I could clear the way for the Chukha- II, capable of generating 1000 MW of power, on which bilateral discussions have been initiated. The Royal Bhutanese Government has approached India for financing the 1500 tonne a-day Nangalam Cement Plant, for which the detailed feasibility studies, conducted over the last two years, are nearly complete. Discussions and studies also began for a broadcasting station at Thimpu, to be set up under the Indian aid programme.


Bhutan is presently in its Fifth Development Plan (1981-87) with an outlay of Rs. 433 crores, of which India would finance Rs. 134 crores. During the year under review, a sum of Rs. 28.60 crores was granted to Bhutan as plan subsidy over and above project aid. Further assistance upto Rs. 5 crores has been granted by India for projects, such as the construction of a Secretariat Complex and the renovation of Bhutan's famous monasteries and administrative centres.

In the fields of telecommunications, hydrology, geology, roads, archaeology, etc. Indian agencies made major contributions in planning and research, and several projects on a smaller scale, yet important for local development, are being envisaged and executed by these agencies. Our close involvement with the development of education and technical skills in Bhutan continued, with India offering scholarships and subsidies up to Rs. 10 lakhs during the year.
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Bhutan is now approaching the start of its Sixth Plan, which begins in 1987 and which will introduce a new phase in Bhutan's development. India has initiated discussions on this aspect and on the further evolution of bilateral links, all of which form part of the continuous joint effort between India and Bhutan towards consolidating and increasing bilateral ties and mutual confidence.

Relations between India and Nepal continued to develop in a cordial manner, building on the deep and enduring ties that exist between the two countries in almost every field of socio-economic development.

There were exchanges of high level visits during the year under review, notably the visit of the Nepalese Foreign Minister in July 1984, the visit of the Nepalese Prime Minister for our late Prime Minister's cremation in November 1984, and the visit of India's Minister of State for Energy to Nepal in March 1984. These visits were utilised for extensive and useful exchanges on various aspects of Indo-Nepal relations.

Economic co-operation was, as hitherto, an important area that required and received a measure of attention. While progress in setting up the Joint Commission was slow, several fresh agreements were signed on new projects for execution in Nepal. These included agreements on the expansion of Industrial Estates and Hospitals, renovation and extension of Canal Systems and technical assistance for implementing Entrepreneurial Development Programmes. The 14.1 MW Devighat Hydro-electric Project, constructed under Indian aid at a cost of about Rs. 49 crores, was inaugurated by His Majesty the King of Nepal in March 1984. This project, which was completed a year and half ahead of schedule, marked a significant milestone in Indo-Nepalese economic co-operation. The Birendra Police Hospital at Kathmandu, which is equipped with Indian assistance, was also inaugurated. Besides these, there are numerous other large and small projects being undertaken in the fields of health care, drinking water supply schemes, education, construction of roads and a sports complex. All of them are under implementation, and the Nepal Government has expressed its satisfaction at their progress.

Another aspect of Indo-Nepalese co-operation in the economic field which has been gaining increasing momentum relates to the interest of the Indian private sector in Nepal. Several Indian commercial organisations and Chambers of Commerce have sent teams to Nepal to discuss proposals for mutually beneficial co- operation in trade and industry, and a government team is shortly to visit Nepal with the purpose of reviewing the entire area of such co-operation and specifying fields in which joint ventures between the two countries can be usefully promoted.

The seventh inter-governmental committee meeting between India and Nepal took place at Kathmandu in June 1984. There was general agreement that both the
-7> Treaties of Trade and Transit between the two countries were functioning well, and that, except for some procedural details, no substantive difficulties were encountered. On the trade side, India has increased the number of Nepalese products eligible for preferential entry into India. On the transit side, India will consider a further streamlining of the relevant procedures.

There were intensive discussions between the two countries on various projects in the field of water resources, notably the Karnali, Pancheshwar and Rapti projects. Significant progress has been achieved in respect of the Karnali project, and India is hopeful that there will be increasing co-operation in the years to come between India and Nepal in this extremely important area of utilisation of river waters.

The two countries also interacted to mutual benefit within the SARC framework. In the fields of telecommunications, a team of telecommunication experts from India held discussions with Nepalese officials in May 1984 on steps to improve telecommunication services. In the field of sports also, India cooperated extensively with Nepal and assisted in the holding of the South Asian Federation Games at Kathmandu in September 1984. The largest contingent participating in the games was from India.

Our traditionally friendly and cordial relations with Burma were further strengthened. U Ne Win, Chairman of the ruling Burma Socialist Programme Party, made a private visit to India in November 1984 and met Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi. The Burmese Foreign and Trade Ministers also paid official visits to India, and a high level commerce and economic delegation from India visited Burma to improve trade relations. An agreement was reached with the Burmese Government towards delimitation of the maritime boundary between the two countries in the Andaman Sea, Coco Channel and the Bay of Bengal. This awaits ratification by the two Governments.

India's close association and friendship with Maldives continued to be built during the year under review. In connection with South Asian Regional Co-operation (SARC) Foreign Ministers Conference, Foreign Minister and Foreign Secretary visited Maldives in July 1984.

The Maldives Minister for Trade and Industry and Deputy Minister for Defence and National Security, Mr. Illias Ibrahim, paid an official visit to India in September 1984. He was accompanied by the Maldivian Deputy Minister of Planning and the Maldivian Foreign Secretary. During this visit, bilateral discussions were held with a view to diversify and expand trade between the two countries. It was decided that a direct shipping service between India and Maldives would be started soon. The two sides identified agriculture, agro-based industries and fishing, coconut plantation and
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coconut based industries as specific areas for co-operation. It was agreed that the State Trading Corporation of India and the State Trading Organisation of Maldives would hold further discussions for ensuring a minimum bulk cargo to make the proposed new shipping service between India and Maldives economically viable. India also offered assistance to Maldives in projects financed by international organisations in that country. An Indian team visited Madives in December 1984 to study the possibilities of trade and economic cooperation in the light of the bilateral talks. India continued to offer training facilities to Maldivian officials in different fields such as customs, civil aviation, man-power survey and secretarial work under the Indian Technical & Economic Co-operation Programme.

Heightened tension and uncertainty in international relations were reflected in a further increase of the military presence of the Great Powers in the Indian Ocean. The facilities at the Anglo-American base of Diego Garcia continued to be expanded and upgraded. Simultaneously, the Great Powers sought to improve other military facilities available to them in the littoral States, and to seek fresh bases and facilities in the area.

These developments are a source of concern to India. The presence of extra-regional military forces has an adverse impact on our security, introduces new tensions and conflicts, exacerbates others, and thereby endangers peace and stability in our neighbourhood.

During the year under review, bilaterally and with other Non- Aligned States, India continued to work for the removal of all foreign military presence from the Indian Ocean. Though the Great Powers have not resumed discussions on reducing, and eventually removing, their military presence from the Indian Ocean, India hopes that littoral States will not align themselves with either of the Great Powers, or offer facilities, which would invite counter reactions.
India continues to work for the convening of the UN Conference on the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace. It is a matter of regret that the Conference has now been postponed to the first half of 1986.
India maintained its support for the claim of Mauritian sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia, and called for its early return to Mauritius.
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SOUTH-EAST ASIA
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During the period under review, India's relations with countries of South-East Asia and the Pacific remained friendly. Exchanges of high level visits contributed to the strengthening of India's relations with many of the countries in this region.

The major problem in South-East Asia, i.e. the situation in Kampuchea, could not be resolved during the period under review. India continues to believe that a political solution to the problems of the region can be found and that the proposals made in the Political Declaration of the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned countries provided a good basis for finding such a solution. In particular, India believes that all states in the region should enter into a dialogue which would lead to the resolution of differences among themselves and the establishment of durable peace and stability in the area, as well as the elimination of the involvement and threats of intervention by outside powers.

A significant development was the regaining of independence by Brunei on 1 January 1984. Brunei became the sixth member of the ASEAN and it obtained membership of the UN at the last General Assembly session. India welcomed the independence of Brunei and our President sent a congratulatory message to the Sultan of Brunei on the occasion. Smt. Mohsina Kidwai, the then Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, led the Indian delegation to the Independence Day celebrations of Brunei.

Soon after his election as Prime Minister of New Zealand, Mr. David Lange announced that he would re-open the New Zealand High Commission in New Delhi which had been closed by his predecessor, Mr. Robert Muldoon, in 1982. Mr. Lange paid two visits to India during the period under review, first as leader of the Opposition and, subsequently, in October 1984, as the Prime Minister of New Zealand. He called on the President and the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi. He announced the
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appointment of Sir Edmund Hillary (the Everest hero) as New Zealand's Resident High Commissioner in New Delhi.

Mr. Le Duan, the Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, visited India during September 1984. He was accompanied by a high powered delegation which included the Deputy Prime Minister, apart from some other Ministers and high officials. He held discussions with the President, the late Prime Minister and other Indian leaders on bilateral, regional and international issues. It was decided that economic co-operation between India and Vietnam would be strengthened in the years to come.


Other important visits exchanged with Vietnam in 1984 included a visit by the Commerce Minister of Vietnam to India during November 1984; by Mr. Tran Vi, Chairman of the People's Committee of Hanoi, in April-May 1984. The then Secretary (East) in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri Natwar Singh, visited Vietnam in June-July 1984. He called on Mr. Pham Van Dong, the Prime Minister of Vietnam, Mr. Nguyen Co Thach, Vietnamese Foreign Minister, and General Giap, apart from holding discussions on bilateral and international issues with the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam. During the course of this visit, an agreement for the the grant of an Indian credit of Rs. 10 crores to Vietnam was signed. Shri Natwar Singh formally handed over the first three Indian diesel locomotives supplied under our credits to Vietnam during the course of this visit.

The former Foreign Minister, Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao, paid an official visit to Indonesia in June 1984. He called on President Suharto and held extensive discussions with the Foreign Minister of Indonesia, as well as with other Indonesian Ministers and dignitaries. The discussions were held in warm and friendly atmosphere. They revealed a broad agreement of views between India and Indonesia on a number of major international issues. There are no bilateral problems between the two countries and relations continue to be friendly. During the course of Shri Narsimha Rao's visit, a conference of Indian Heads of Missions from ASEAN/Indo-China countries and Australia was held in Jakarta.

The then Secretary (East), Shri Natwar Singh, paid a visit to Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand in March 1984. He called on the Malaysian Foreign Minister and other members of the Malaysian Cabinet, in addition to holding discussions with the Secretary- General of the Malaysian Foreign Office. The Malaysian side agreed with our view that the differences that exist, between the two countries on the issue of Kampuchea
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should not, in any way, hamper the growth and development of bilateral friendly relations between India and Malaysia. Subsequently, in May 1984, the fourth Indo-Malaysian Joint Committee meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur.

During his visit to Singapore, Shri Natwar Singh called on the Deputy Prime Minister as well as on the Foreign Minister of Singapore, and held discussions with the Permanent Secretary of the Foreign Ministry of Singapore. The talks covered bilateral, regional and international matters. It was agreed that the differences in perception between India and Singapore on the Kampuchean issue should not come in the way of the development and strengthening of the friendly relations between the two countries. The Permanent Secretary of the Foreign Ministry of Singapore paid a return visit to India in August 1984, and the discussions held, revealed that relations between the two countries continued to be friendly and good.

Shri Natwar Singh, during his brief visit to Thailand exchanged views with the Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Thailand. It was agreed that the differences between Thailand and India relating to the situation in Kampuchea should not be allowed to come in the way of the development and strengthening of bilateral ties between the two countries. The Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Thailand paid a return visit to India in October 1984 and this visit was symbolic of the growing friendship between the two countries. Significantly, this was the first ever visit to India by a Thai Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs.

Relations between India and the Philippines continued to be friendly and cordial. The Philippines authorities readily assisted India by deporting Shri Jasbir Singh (nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale) to India.

The Australian Foreign Minister stated that Australia was keen to improve and enhance ties with India. The 15th round of the annual Indo-Australian bilateral talks was held in New Delhi in October 1984. The two delegations were headed by the Foreign Secretaries of the two countries. It was agreed that relations between India and Australia would be strengthened and diversified in different fields.

The Prime Minister of Vanuatu, Father Walter Lini, paid a state visit to India in May 1984. He called on the President and the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi.
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All the countries from South-East Asia and many countries from the Pacific region sent special delegations to attend the funeral of the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi. The Heads of State and Government from the following countries were present : Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, Nauru, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Vanuatu. The Vice-President of Indonesia attended the funeral while the Philippines delegation was headed by Mrs. Imelda Marcos, the First Lady and the wife of President Marcos. Countries which sent Ministers or other high dignitaries as heads of their respective delegations were : Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Papua New Guihea and Brunei.
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EAST ASIA
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During the year under review, the dialogue with the Government of the People's Republic of China towards a settlement of the boundary question as well as for the promotion of bilateral exchanges in the fields of culture, education, science and technology, was continued. The fifth round of official level talks between the two countries took place in Beijing from 17 to 22 September 1984. The general atmosphere of India China relations remained cordial.

During the fifth round of official level talks, both sides had an indepth exchange of views on the boundary question. Even though complete agreement could not be reached, differences were further narrowed. It was agreed that both sides would commence substantive discussions on the boundary question from the next round of talks. Cultural, scientific and technological exchanges were also discussed during the fifth round of talks. It was agreed to exchange cultural troupes, exhibitions, academicians and scholars and a programme for scientific and technological exchanges was also drawn up.

On 15 August 1984, an India-China Trade Agreement, which incorporates the most favoured nation clause, was signed in Beijing. This became the first Government to Government level agreement to be signed between the two countries since the exchange of Ambassadors in 1976. The agreement is expected to create a good base the further growth of trade links between India and China.

The Chinese Government expressed their deep shock and regret on the tragic death of Smt. Indira Gandhi. The Chinese President and Premier addressed a joint condolence message to the President of India. The Chinese Premier also paid tributes in Beijing to Smt. Gandhi's efforts to improve Sino-Indian relations and stated that her death was a great loss to the Non-Aligned Movement and the cause of world peace. He, along with several other Chinese dignitaries, visited the Indian Embassy to sign the Condolence Book. The Chinese Vice-Premier and Special Envoy, Mr. Yao Yilin, attended the funeral of Smt. Gandhi. During his meeting with the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, the Chinese Vice-Premier expressed the desire to see Sino-Indian relations "restored to what they were in the 1950s".
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The Chinese Premier, Mr. Zhao Ziyang, in a message of congratulations sent to Shri Rajiv Gandhi on his assumption of office and the formation of the new Government, stated that "with the joint efforts of the Chinese and Indian Governments, Sino Indian relations have visibly improved and developed." The Chinese Premier expressed the hope that the traditional friendship existing between India and China would be further strengthened and that "Sino-Indian friendly relations will develop to a new high".

The state visit, from 3 to 6 May 1984 of the Japanese Prime Minister, after a gap of 23 years, marked a new phase in India- Japan relations against the background of increasing exchanges, and signified the desire for further consolidation and expansion of existing cordial relations between the two countries. The visit afforded an opportunity to both sides to exchange views on international and bilateral relations, and on the need for imparting greater substance and momentum to India-Japan relations in various fields.

The Japanese Prime Minister led a high powered delegation at the time of the state funeral of the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi. The Japanese Government and people reacted with shock and sorrow to the tragic assassination of Smt. Gandhi, recalling her eminent leadership and the interest the late Prime Minister took in India-Japan relations. Condolence messages were received from Emperor Hirohito, Prime Minister Mr. Yasuhiro Nakasone, Foreign Minister Mr. Shintaro Abe and from other dignitaries in Japan.

Visits were exchanged between the two countries at various levels. A 52-member high powered Japanese Government Economic Mission visited India from 30 November to 7 December 1984. The 17th Business Cooperation Committee Meeting was also held during the Mission's visit-the 16th meeting having taken place in Tokyo in July 1984. During the calls on the high Indian dignitaries by the leader of the Mission, and at the official level, the Japanese delegation discussed the scope and problems of investment and collaborations in India, particularly in the field of automobiles and electronics. Computer technology, telecommunication, non-conventional sources of energy, mineral development, agriculture, fisheries and above all diversified and balanced trade were also covered in the discussions.

President Giani Zail Singh, during his transit through Tokyo on 3 May 1984, met the representatives of the Indian community in Japan. The Commerce Minister, Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh, led an Indian delegation to the Annual ESCAP Meeting in April 1984. The Speakers of the Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh Assemblies also visited Japan. The visits at the level of senior officials were those of Finance Secretary Shri P. K. Kaul, former Secretary (East) in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri K. Natwar Singh. Secretary, Department of Ocean Development, Dr. S. Z. Qasmi,
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and Agriculture Secretary Shri S. P. Mukerji. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Shri T. N. Chaturvedi, participated in an International Conference held in May 1984. India participated in the Hoteres and Foodex-84 in Tokyo. The Trade Development Authority of India organised a Home Furnishings and General Merchandise Exhibition in Osaka in November 1984.

The 6th meeting of the Japan-India Mixed Commission, under the Cultural Agreement of 1956, was held at Tokyo in March 1984 to discuss cooperation in the scientific and technical fields, and the exchange of scholars, academicians, youths, publications etc. Exhibitions of ancient Indian sculpturess and modern Indian arts, and a photo exhibition on the life of Mahatma Gandhi were organised in Tokyo and other places in Japan. Performances by Purulia Chhau dance troupe from Bihar, sponsored by the ICCR, Bhopa and Rai dances representing the folk arts from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh were organised, on invitation, in Japan as also performances by individual artists. A Gagaku dance troupe from Japan gave performances at the time of the International Buddhist Conference held in New Delhi.

The late Indian Prime Minister's gift of two baby elephants, airlifted from Bombay, was warmly received on 30 September 1984 at Tokyo Ueno Zoo in the presence of several high Japanese dignitaries including the Prime Minister and his wife.

Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Yasuhiro Nakasone, congratulated Shri Rajiv Gandhi on the victory of the Congress(I) in the General Elections and stated that this was "a manifestation of the will of the people of India". The Japanese Prime Minister expressed the hope that the close ties between Japan and India would "develop more than ever in various fields" and also expressed his confidence that Shri Rajiv Gandhi would "perform a leading role for the increasing development of India and for the peace and prosperity of the world".

The level and nature of exchanges between India and the Republic of Korea (ROK) reflected the further growth of bilateral relations between the two countries in the economic and commercial fields. Visits from India included those of MMTC, handloom and carpets, and sports goods delegations. The exhibition of Indian silks, handlooms and carpets in June 1984, was inaugurated by Shri P. A. Sangma, the Deputy Minister of Commerce. India participated in the Seoul International Trade Fair 1984, which was visited by the Chairman TFAI, Shri Mohammad Yunus, as well as in the World Philatellic Exhibition in October 1984 in Seoul.

A 21-member Economic Mission from the ROK visited India in October 1984 to discuss the expansion of economic cooperation, joint ventures and bilateral trade. Earlier in July 1984 the 6th meeting of India-ROK Joint Business Council was held in Seoul.
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A 19-member team from the National Defence College paid a visit to the ROK, for the first time, from 27 September to 2 October 1984. The Cultural Exchange Programme for the years 1984- 86 in the fields of education, art, culture, science, media, sports etc., was concluded earlier for the year and exchanges, under the programme, of sports teams and academicians etc., took place. Purulia Chhau dance troupe of Bihar also visited the ROK in September 1984 during the International Folklore Festival in Seoul.

On the tragic assassination of Smt. Gandhi, the ROK President sent a message of condolences. The ROK was represented by Speaker of the National Assembly, Mr. Mun Shick Chae, at the state funeral of the late Prime Minister.

With a view to maintaining contacts at various levels, a number of visits were exchanged between India and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). From the DPRK, the Minister of Communications, Mr. Kim Yong Chai, in his capacity as a Member of the Central Committee of the Worker's Party of Korea, the Chairman of the Education Commission, Mr. Choi Tai Bok, and the Minister of Foreign Trade, Mr. Choi Jong Gun, visited India during the year under review. An Indian delegation led by the Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce, Shri Anand Sarup, visited Pyongyang in October 1984 to review bilateral trade and to explore the possibility of increased exchanges in trade and trade information. The need for increasing the economic content in India-DPRK relations was recognised in these discussions.

The then Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Kalp Nath Rai, led a Parliamentary delegation to the DPRK from 7 to 11 September 1984. Some Members of Parliament, academicians and journalists were invited to the DPRK by various organisations, mainly for study and exchange of views on the "Juche" idea. For the state funeral of the late Shrimati Gandhi the DPRK was represented by Vice President Mr. Pak Sung Chol. President Kim II Sung sent a message of condolences.
Visits were also exchanged between India and the DPRK, under the Cultural Exchange Programme, in the fields of art, culture, education including adult education, films etc.
The visit to Mongolia in July 1984 by the then Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri A. A. Rahim, on the occasion of the Mongolian National Day celebrations, signified the cordial relations between India and Mongolia. Shri Rahim was separately received by the President, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Mongolia besides other high dignitaries. The Cultural Exchange Programme for the year 1984-86, under the cultural and scientific co-operation agreement, was signed during the visit. In June 1984, a Special Envoy of the Mongolian President visited India and met the late Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi.
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On the tragic assassination of Smt. Gandhi, a joint message of condolences was received from the Party General Secretary and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Mr. J. Batmunkh, and the Deputy Chairman of the Presidium, Mr. N. Jagvaral. At the state funeral of the late Prime Minister, Mongolia was represented by the First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Mr. T. Ragohaa.

The Government of India welcomed the Hong Kong accord agreed to between Great Britain and China on 26 September 1984, especially as it resolved a difficult problem with the agreement of the concerned parties. The Joint Declaration by the Governments of the UK and China on Hong Kong was signed in Beijing, on 19 December 1984, by the British Prime Minister, Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, and the Chinese Premier, Mr. Zhao Ziyang.
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WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA
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While India's ties with the Arab nations of West Asia and North Africa go back into antiquity it is only over the last few years that they have acquired a deep and multifaceted character encompassing not merely the political field but also extending to the economic and cultural fields.

1984 saw a series of high level exchanges between India and these nations underlining this close relationship. In this context, particular mention may be made of the visit of the Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi in April 1984 to Libya and Tunisia.

India has been consistent in its support for the Palestinian people since the early part of this century. This was once again demonstrated in 1984, during which India continued to provide material and moral assistance to the people of Palestine. To underline this support, inspite of its pre-occupations with preparations for the General Elections in December 1984, India sent a delegation led by the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha to attend the 17th Session of the Palestine National Council held at Amman in November 1984.

In view of its continued concern at the prevailing tension in West Asia brought about by, among other things, the continuing presence of Israeli troops in Lebanon, India called for the withdrawal of all foreign forces, beginning with those of Israel, from Lebanon and reiterated its support, for UN Security Council Resolutions 508 and 509. India also expressed the hope that the Lebanese people would, in a spirit of national reconciliation, quickly bring about peace and security in Lebanon. India has consistently stood for a strong, united and non-aligned Lebanon.

India's relations with Algeria have traditionally been marked with warmth and friendship. Throughout 1984 both countries, as members of the Non-Aligned Movement, co-operated extensively both on the international arena and on the bilateral plane.
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Economic ties between the two countries, which are based within the framework of strengthening South-South co-operation, were discussed at the second session of the Indo-Algerian Joint Commission meeting held in New Delhi from 27 February to 5 March 1984 and steps identified to foster greater co-operation. Similarly, an IndoLibyan Joint Commission Meeting was held in Tripoli from 22 to 28 May 1984 to further strengthen economic and commercial ties between India and Libya.

A serious effort was made to explore ways and means for strengthening economic and commercial relations between India and the Kingdom of Morocco. In this context, Mr. Azeddine Guessous, the Moroccan Minister of Trade, Industries and Tourism, visited India in September 1984. Subsequently, two Indian delegations visited Morocco in November 1984.

India has always sympathised with and supported the right of self-determination for the people of Western Sahara. During the year under review, party to party ties between the Polisario and the Congress (I) Party were strengthened through the visits of Polisario delegations to India.
On the sad occasion of the death of the Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi, several dignitaries attended her funeral from West Asia and North Africa region and in this context particular mention may be made of the attendance of the Prime Minister of Algeria, Vice-President and Foreign Minister of Syria, and Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan.

During the year under review, India's relations with countries in the Gulf region, namely Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman, North Yemen and South Yemen continued to improve in diverse fields. The continuing Iran-Iraq war which has entered its fifth year received utmost attention from the Indian government, and efforts were made in India's individual capacity, as also in India's role as Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement, to find ways and means to bring about an immediate end to the war through negotiation. The late Prime Minister took personal interest in the matter and sent her special emissaries to the concerned capitals and also held discussions with other members of the Non-Aligned Movement and friendly countries in order to achieve the objective of peace in the region. Unfortunately, the receptivity of various proposals put forward was not much, and the unfortunate conflict continued.
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The President of India Giani Zail Singh paid state visits to Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) and Peoples' Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) in 1984. The former Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri A. A. Rahim, visited Qatar in August 1984. The Amir of Qatar paid a state visit to India in February 1984. Other important dignitaries from the region also visited India to hold consultations on matters of mutual interest. Such visits included the visits of the Foreign Minister of Oman and the Commerce Minister of Iran. The Joint Commission meetings between India and Iraq and India and Iran were held in May 1984 and November 1984 respectively.

The UAE authorities took the welcome and unprecedented step of returning the hijackers of an Indian airliner from Dubai in 1984 to highlight the close and friendly relations between the two countries.

India's economic and commercial relations with the Gulf countries continued to show substantial progress. India's efforts were directed towards greater export of manufactures, equipment, machinery and complete projects etc. A number of Indian construction firms have been undertaking jobs in the Gulf countries, especially in Iraq.

A large number of Indian emigrants are working in the Gulf countries and it is estimated that India has one million people in these countries. There is general satisfaction at the performance of the workers by the host Governments and authorities and Indian nationals are by and large prosperous and happy in their respective countries. However, normal consular problems continue to engage our attention and our Missions abroad are rendering full assistance to our nationals whenever required.
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AFRICA (SOUTH OF THE SAHARA)
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India continued with its policy of strengthening the on-going process of multifaceted co-operation with the countries of the African region, extending moral, material and diplomatic support to the Frontline States and Liberation Movements. It firmly opposed the system of apartheid and racial discrimination in South Africa and advocated a total boycott of the racist regime practising it. In tune with this basic policy, India, in its individual capacity, and also as Chairperson of Non-Aligned Movement, responded to the fast evolving political situation in Southern Africa and generally endorsed the position in this regard taken by the Frontline States at their meeting in Arusha (Tanzania) in April 1984. The Arusha meeting, inter-alia, called upon South Africa to dismantle the root cause of the instability in the region, i.e. apartheid, and to honour Security Council Resolution 435 on Namibia. The so-called constitutional reforms within South Africa, introduced by the racist regime, were rejected outright by India. The Government of India, in an official statement, termed these as fraudulent. The Prime Minister, in a message to the Security Council, urged the people of South Africa to oppose the elections (held under the new Constitution), aimed at dividing and weakening the struggle against apartheid.

As a token of India's unequivocal support to the people of South Africa and Namibia, we received on official visits Mr. J. N. Pokela, the Chairman of the Pall Arricanist Congress of South Africa, a 5-member delegation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Liberation Committee headed by the Vice Foreign Minister of Angola, and a senior-level delegation of the Council for Namibia. During the period under review, additional material assistance was given to the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) of Namibia and the African National Congress (ANC) and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) of South Africa.

The great importance India attaches to relations with the African countries was also reflected in its decision to donate I lakh tonnes of wheat to the drought-affected countries in Africa. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, in an official statement, pledged our solidarity with the faminc-affected African countries and expressed our
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readiness to share our experience and resources in helping them to meet this challenge. Even prior to this announcement, relief supplies by way of medicines were either dispatched, or were in the pipe-line, to several countries, including Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Rwanda, Swaziland, Madagascar and the People' Republic of Benin. Our Prime Minister's message of felicitation to the 20th Summit of the OAU also symbolised the great importance we attach to our relations with the African countries. The high-level of political representation from Africa at the funeral of the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, also illustrated the measure of deep understanding between India and Africa. The visitors included the Presidents of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Mozambique; Vice-Presidents of Kenya and Liberia; and Prime Ministers of Mauritius and Zimbabwe.

The visits of nearly three dozen delegations to and from Africa further deepened the mutual co-operation in economic, political, technical, cultural and other fields. The most important ones included the Ministerial visits from Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius and Mozambique. Our Lok Sabha Speaker visited Zambia. The level of our assistance under ITEC and other schemes to African countries was maintained and even augmented wherever felt necessary.

Soon after the military coup in Nigeria, Major General Mohammed Buhari sent a Special Envoy to India to brief the Government about the political developments eventually leading to the military takeover in that country. Our Prime Minister's Special Envoy also visited Nigeria in May 1984, inter alia, to assure the Nigerian leadership of India's continuing friendship and co-operation with the new regime.

Relations with Ethiopia received a further boost with the visits of the Ethiopian Permanent Secretary for Transport and Communications and the Minister of Information and National Guidance to lndia, during which discussions regarding co- operation in the field of rail and road transport and information and culture were held. A substantial number of other Ethiopian delegations at the official and technical level also visited India.

The visit of Indian Minister of Industry and Labour to Kenya and the visit of the Kenyan Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs to India further brightened the prospects of co-operation between India and Kenya in the field of industrial development.
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Indo-Mauritius relations reached a new peak during the period under review. The second meeting of the Joint Commission took place in Port Louis in February 1984. The Indian delegation was headed by our Foreign Minister. India agreed to extend assistance to Mauritius in 26 major projects, covering agriculture, industry, communications and civil aviation. As a mark of our keenness to share our technical expertise with the developing countries, a Mauritian scientist was included in the second Indian expedition to Antarctica. A Government to Government credit of Rs. 50 million and an EXIM Bank Credit of the same amount was extended. The President of India, Giani Zail Singh visited Mauritius to participate in the 150th anniversary of Indian immigration to Mauritius, in which a number of cultural delegations from India also participated. Reciprocal celebrations of this event were also held in India. Another hall-mark of bilateral relations was the visit of Smt. Ramdulari Sinha, the Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs, who headed a delegation of nearly 150 prominent Indians, in October 1984.
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EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE
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The countries of Western Europe have continued to play a significant role in India's foreign affairs during the period under review. The ten countries of the European Economic Community are amongst India's major trading partners. Western Europe, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, France and the UK, continue to be important sources of technology transfer into India. Defence purchases from these countries are also not unimportant, and considerable financial assistance is obtained from them in terms of project loans.

In 1984, there have been no visits to the countries of Western Europe by either our President or Prime Minister. However, the Federal Chancellor Fred Sinowatz of Austria paid an official visit to India in March 1984. There have also been several Ministerial level visits between India and the countries of Western Europe.

Events in Punjab, and especially the Army operation in Amritsar in June 1984 and subsequent developments, evoked keen interest in the West European media and amongst the ethnic Indian Community in these countries. In this connection, one area of concern to us has been the fact that Sikh extremists have found refuge in some West European countries, notably the UK. India has kept in constant touch with the concerned Governments, media and the ethnic community in these countries, and particularly so in Britain, with a view to ensure that appropriate action is taken to counter the anti-Indian activities of the extremists.

The assassination of the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi, was unanimously condemned in all West European countries from where several Prime Ministers and other top level dignitaries came to Delhi to attend the funeral.
The kidnapping and murder, in February 1984, of Shri R. H. Mhatre, India's Assistant High Commissioner in Birmingham, was highlighted in the countries of West Europe as yet another instance of the danger of growing international terrorism.
The Indian general elections held in December 1984 were very widely covered by the West European media and, in general, there was unstinting appreciation of the
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manner in which the elections were conducted, and of the strength of democratic institutions in India. Messages have been sent by several West European leaders to the new Prime Minister on his resounding election victory.

The UK is an important trading partner of India, and is significant as a source of foreign technology and investment in India. While India's trade turnover with UK has increased over the years, the trade balance remains adverse to India. Our efforts to redress this balance by encouraging the UK to buy more Indian goods are showing some results.

There was a feeling in the country that the British authorities had not been vigorous enough in curbing the anti- Indian activities of the extremist and militant sections of the ethnic Indian community in the UK. This matter had been raised on several occasions with the Government of the UK and it was hoped that the UK would show a greater understanding of Indian concerns.

The British Prime Minister, Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, attended the funeral of Smt. Indira Gandhi. The visit to India of Baroness Young, the British Minister of State in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in March 1984, as well as the talks of our Minister of State for External Affairs and the Foreign Secretary with the British Foreign Office, were occasions for frank and meaningful discussions between the two sides.

Relations with the Government of France have continued to develop. Progress was made for holding of the "Festival of India'" in Paris in 1984-85. Indo-French bilateral talks were held when the Foreign Minister visited Paris in April 1984. The Minister of Commerce also visited Paris in June the same year in order to review the overall economic relations between the two countries. The two Governments also agreed to mutually beneficial cooperation in agriculture and rural development. The New French Prime Minister, Mr. Laurent Fabius came to India to attend the late Prime Minister's funeral. Other important visits include that of the Speaker of the French National Assembly to India in February 1984, and the visit of our Vice-President to France in July 1984.

During the period under review, there was a spate of visits from the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) which is at present our most important trading partner in West Europe. This economic cooperation was highlighted when India presented its industrial skills at the Hanover Trade Fair, this being perhaps the biggest Indian participation in any foreign trade fair so far. India has also been participating in 3 Ea/84-6
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several other promotional specialised fairs in the FRG ever year. So far 1341 out of a total of about 7500 foreign collaboration projects approved by the Government of India have been with the FRG, which is a very important source for technology transfer into India. The annual financial assistance of the FRG to India is approximately Rs. 144 crores.

In June 1984, the first Indo-German seminar was organised in Bonn in which several high-ranking thinkers and policy makers on both sides presented ideas on improving ties between the two countries. While relations have been friendly between the two countries, in the matter of Talwinder Singh, a criminal fugitive released unilaterally by the FRG Government, there was some degree of discord. Of late, however, the FRG has been more than forthcoming on our concerns concerning extremist activity.

With the Benelux countries, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, relations are friendly and have continued to show a steady growth. A Memorandum of Understanding in the field of agriculture was signed with Netherlands in June 1984, and bilateral economic relations were reviewed in a Joint Commission. The Cultural Agreement with the Netherlands is in the penultimate stage of finalisation.

The visit of the Austrian Chancellor was the only official visit to India in 1984 from West Europe at the Head of Government level. The previous Chancellor, Mr. Bruno Kreisky, was nominated for the 1983 Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding. The Vice-President of India visited Austria in August 1984.

In terms of trade, the Austrian Scheme of Generalised Preference has boosted India's trade with that country. Austrian technological input in the engineering sector has been growing, and there are as many as 60 Indo-Austrian collaborations in the field. Austria also provides a limited financial credit of about Rs. 6 crores on a two-yearly basis.

Indo-Italian co-operation, particularly in the economic and technical fields, is still modest. Italy has agreed to assist India in the field of agricultural development, a tuna fishing project, non-conventional energy projects, rural electrification and a design and training centre for leather. The Italians are also participating in the Thal Fertilizers Project, the Farakka Super Thermal Power Project and the Indo-Gulf Fertilizer Plant at Jagdishpur. Italy agreed to provide an export credit of 400 million US dollars to be used both as buyers and suppliers credit during the meeting.
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Italy started offering large grants only recently as a supplement to its commercial export of equipment and consultancy services. These are mainly in the field of agriculture, fisheries, petro-chemicals and power production. In August 1984, agreements were signed for (i) integrated agricultural development in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa Haryana, and (ii) Temperate Climate Fruit Development in Jammu and Kashmir, UP and Himachal Pradesh.

With the visit of the Italian Defence Minister to India in September 1984, following upon the earlier visit of our Defence Minister to Italy, the possibilities of some defence purchases from Italy have also been examined.

The Scandinavian countries continued to extend economic aid to India, especially for projects in the fields of social welfare, health and rural development. There is considerable scope for India to co-operate with these countries in high technology areas as well.

The visit of our Minister of Energy to Sweden has seen a significant step up of co-operation in power and alternate sources of energy. A Working Group formed in early 1984 has already met twice during the year under review to work on the details. Sweden is collaborating in the Dhauliganga Project and has also shown interest in power transmission machines and drilling platforms. Negotiations are also under way for collaboration in the setting up of mini hydel power stations. The important visits from Sweden during 1984 have been that of their Foreign Trade Minister heading the Swedish delegation to Indo- Swedish Joint Commission, and that of the ten-member Swedish Parliamentary delegation led by their Speaker in February.

According to a White Paper presented by the Norwegian Government to its Parliament in 1984, India was named as one of the nine countries that would be the main beneficiaries of Norwegian bilateral assistance. According to an agreement signed in New Delhi in November 1984, Norway would give annual financial assistance of about Rs. 25 crores for four years from 1985. The money is to be spent on agricultural and rural development projects and for some commodity imports such as paper, fisheries equipment, etc. When our Deputy Minister of Electronics visited Norway, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed for co-operation in the field of electronics.

Denmark has been active in its aid projects for rural development and is now showing a greater interest in assisting projects in areas such as energy from nonconventional sources.
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The Spanish Secretary of State for Trade, accompanied by a big delegation of businessmen, visited New Delhi in December 1984 to have bilateral talks on economic matters. His visit coincided with the inauguration of the Indo-Spanish Joint Business Council which held its first meeting in New Delhi. The next meeting of the official Indo-Spanish Joint Commission will meet in early 1985 in Madrid.

During the visit of the Finnish Foreign Minister in March 1984, apart from economic relations, cultural co-operation was specially reviewed. In fact, the first protocol under the Indo- Finnish Cultural Agreement was signed in February 1984. Once again, the Finnish ship "Finnpolaris" was chartered by India for our Antarctic Expedition in 1984.


The people in the countries of West Europe are becoming increasingly interested in Indian culture, and this seems to have been noticed by West European governments, and reflected in their activities. The Portuguese Minister of Culture visited India in October 1984. The President of the Swiss Council of Arts-Pro- Helvetia, Professor Roland Ruffieux, led an important delegation to India to promote cultural interaction between India and Switzerland. The Scandinavian countries welcomed several Indian artists during the period under review. A ten-day Indian film festival was held in Stockholm. In Vienna our Embassy organised a cultural week of India, which was well-received.

The European Economic Community is collectively one of Indian's most important partners in trade. Our large adverse trade balance has continued to be a matter of concern to us, and at the third Indo-EEC Joint Commission held in May 1984, ways and means to redress this imbalance were considered. We have requested increased quotas for exports under the GSP in several commodities and lower preferential tariffs for others. A Conference on Investment and Technology Transfer was held in West Berlin in November 1984 under the aegis of Indo-EEC industrial co-operation in order to bring Indian and European entrepreneurs together and to facilitate investment and technology flows.

With the growth of economic relations, the need for political consultations with the EEC became evident. Accordingly, India and the EEC decided to institutionalise political co-operation and this was inaugurated by our then Foreign Minister, Shri Narasimha Rao, in April 1984, during his visit to France (which held the Presidency of the EEC during January-June 1984). This was followed by a meeting in New York between our Minister of State and the Irish Foreign Minister in Soptember 1984. It has now been decided that this "political dialogue" will adopt the Troika formula
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under which three countries would represent the EEC, namely the country currently holding the Community Presidency, and the previous and next Presidency countries.

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Regional Meeting of the Asia-Pacific. countries was held in Port Moresby on 8 August 1984, The Indian delegation was led by Shri A. A. Rahim, the then Minister of State for External Affairs. The Meeting discussed political and economic issues of common concern to the Asia- Pacific region. The Meeting stressed the importance of paying particular attention to the needs and aspirations of small States which are especially vulnerable to the vagaries of the current international political, social and economic order. The Commonwealth Senior Officials Meeting was held in Barbados on 12- 14 December 1984. The Indian delegation was led by the then Secretary (ER) in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri Romesh Bhandari. The Meeting reviewed the piogress in the implementation of decisions taken at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting held in New Delhi in November 1983, and discussed arrangements for the forthcoming CHOGM scheduled to be held in the Bahamas in October 1985.

THE USSR AND EASTERN EUROPE
India's friendly and cordial relations with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries of Eastern Europe developed satisfactorily during the year under review. The principal high level visit from India was that of late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi to the Soviet Union on the occasion of the funeral of the late President Andropov in February 1984. The other major visit to Eastern Europe was by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Shri Balram Jakhar, who led a Parliamentary Delegation in June 1984 to the USSR, Bulgaria and the GDR.

During her visit to the Soviet Union, Shrimati Indira Gandhi paid her respect to the memory of President Andropov, and also had discussions with the newly elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Mr. K. U. Chernenko. The exchange of views on bilateral relations as well as important international issues were continued at other levels during the period under review.

Indo-Soviet trade and economic co-operation continued to grow during the period under review. There was a high turnover. of bilateral trade during 1984. The Trade Plan for 1985 provides for a 20 per cont increase in turnover. An important event in bilateral economic relations was the successful Indian National Exhibition in Moscow
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organised by TFAI in Moscow in August-September 1984. The former Minister of Industry represented India at the exhibition, which gave a comprehensive view of the Indian industry and economy and also led to mutually beneficial commercial transactions. There was fruitful interaction in several other sectors of the economy in which India and the Soviet Union are co-operating. The Minister of State for Steel & Mines visited Moscow in July 1984 and had discussions with his Soviet counterpart. Working groups under the Joint Commission in the sectors of machine building, coal, petroleum and commerce met as scheduled during the year under review. Co-operation also extended to fields such as environment. A bilateral Convention on the Protection of Migratory Birds was signed in Moscow in October 1984. The 25th anniversary of the commissioning of the Bhilai Steel Plant was celebrated in February 1984. A high level delegation led by Soviet Deputy Premier Mr. V. E. Dymshits and including Soviet Minister of Construction of Heavy Industry Enterprises, Mr. N. V. Goldin, and Chairman of the Soviet State Committee for Foreign Economic Relations, Mr. Ryabov, visited India on the occasion.

Another notable event in Indo-Soviet co-operation was the Joint space venture which took place in April 1984.
Other leading visitors from India to the Soviet Union during the period under review were the Minister of Defence, the Minister of State for External Affairs, the Minister of State for Commerce and Deputy Minister for Information and Broadcasting.
The Soviet Defence Minister, Marshal Ustinov, visited India in March 1984. His programme included talks with the Minister of External Affairs.

India also hosted a delegation led by the Vice-President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the President of the Estonian SSR, Mr. Arnold F. Ruitel, who came to attend our Independence Day Celebrations. This visit was in response to the invitation by the Friends of the Soviet Union.
After the general elections and the formation of the new Government in India, the Soviet leadership sent a message of congratulations to the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi. The message reiterated the Soviet desire to further strengthen Indo- Soviet friendship and co-operation.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Shri Balram Jakhar, led an Indian Parliamentary Delegation to Bulgaria in June 1984. The 40th Anniversary of the Bulgarian People's Republic was attended by an official delegation from India led by the Minister of State for Energy, Shri Arif Mohammed Khan, in September 1984. The Seventh
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Indo-Bulgarian Joint Commission met in New Delhi in October 1984. The Bulgarian side was led by the Member of the Politbureau of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party and Minister of Machine Building, Mr. O. Doinov. The leader of the Indian side was the Minister for Agriculture, Shri Rao Birendra Singh. The discussions during this meeting included a review of trade and economic co-operation and measures for growth.

The Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Mr. L. S. Strougal, paid an official visit to India in February 1984. He had talks with the Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi on bilateral relations and the international situation. The visit also provided an opportune occasion for a review of bilateral economic relations, including measures to facilitate their expansion. The 11th meeting of the Indo-Czechoslovak Joint Commission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Co-operation was held in May 1984 in New Delhi. The Czechoslovak side was led by their Minister of Foreign Trade, Mr. Bohumil Urban. The Minister of Commerce, Shri V. P. Singh, led the Indian side.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Shri Balram Jakhar, led an Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the GDR in June 1984. Regular exchanges with the GDR in the economic field also continued to take place during the year under review. The Trade Plan for 1985 was signed in Berlin in December 1984.

The Deputy Prime Minister of Hungary, Mr. Istvan Sarlos, visited India in April 1984. His visit coincided with the bicentenary celebrations of the Hungarian scholar, Alexander Korosi Csoma. Mr. Sarlos called on the President and the Prime Minister of India during his visit, and exchanged views on bilateral relations and the international situation. Indo- Hungarian trade and economic co-operation was also the subject of discussions between experts and officials of the two countries.

A Polish Parliamentary Delegation, led by Marshal of the Polish Sejm (Parliament), Mr. Stanislaw Gucwa, visited India in March 1984. The visit coincided with the 30th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Poland. Measures for identifying and expanding Indo-Polish trade and economic co-operation were also discussed at different levels. The meeting of the Indo-Polish Working Group on Coal held in November 1984 contributed to this objective. The Indo-Polish Trade Plan for 1985 was signed in Warsaw in November 1984. An agreement for co-operation in Health was concluded.
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An official Indian delegation led by the then Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri A.A. Rahim, visited Romania in August 1984 to participate in the 40th Anniversary celebrations of the founding of the Romanian Socialist Republic. During the visit, the delegation was received by the Romanian President, Mr. Ceausescu. The Indo-Romanian Joint Commission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Co-operation held its 7th meeting in Bucharest in February 1984. The Indian delegation was led by the Minister of Commerce, Shri V. P. Singh. The Minister for Metallurgy, Mr. Nicolai Agachi led the Romanian side. The session provided an opportunity for an indepth review of economic co-operation in diverse fields and for examining means of increasing co-operation.

The President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, Mr. Veselin Djuranovic, along with a high-level delegation, paid a State visit to India in August 1984. In his meetings with President Giani Zail Singh and the Prime Minister Shrimati Indira Gandhi, the Yugoslav President had extensive discussions on bilateral issues as well as on the activity of India and Yugoslavia in the Non-Aligned Movement. The visit also provided a suitable occasion for an indepth review of Indo-Yugoslav economic co-operation and trade. Concrete measures to ensure growth in Indo-Yugoslav economic relations were identified.

The Soviet Union and other socialist countries of Eastern Europe expressed their grief and shock at the tragic assassination of Shrimati Indira Gandhi. Messages of condolence were received from the leaders of all these countries. Tributes were paid to Shrimati Indira Gandhi's achievements as an outstanding national leader and international figure, her role as Chairperson of the Non-Aligned Movement, and her great contributions to peace and international Co-operation. The Soviet delegation was led by Prime Minister, N. Tikhonov who also called on our President and the Prime Minister. The Presidents of Bulgaria, Poland and Yugoslavia also visited India on this occasion and had talks with our leaders. The GDR was represented by President of the People's Chamber and Member of the Politburo, Mr. Horst Sinderman, and Czechoslovakia by Prime Minister Strougal. The Vice-Presidents of Hungary and Romania represented their countries at the funeral ceremony. During the discussions held between the visiting dignitaries and our leaders, there was a reaffirmation of mutual commitment to friendship and co- operation.
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THE AMERICAS NORTH AMERICA
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During the year under review, India made efforts for better relations with the USA; high-level bilateral contacts were maintained, although the perception of the two countries on various issues remained different.

The single most important factor which generated friction between the two countries was the continued supply of sophisticated arms by the USA to Pakistan. India repeatedly impressed upon the US Government officials that the supply of sophisticated arms to Pakistan would have an adverse effect upon Indo-US relations. The USA also tended to encourage an arms race on the sub-continent which created tension and thereby jeopardised the normalisation of relations between Pakistan and India.

Many extremist leaders operating from the United States supported the so-called "Khalistan Movement" in India. Such extremist elements disturbed the Indian Independence Day celebrations in the United States and also harassed and hurled abuse on the Indian team during the Los Angeles Olympic Games. India's repeated insistence that such activity was detrimental to Indo-US relations had little effect, although it was noted that the proposed Congressional hearings on Punjab to be held by the Sub-Committee for Asia and Pacific Affairs and the Human Rights Committee of the US Congress were first postponed and later cancelled. The Government of India also deeply appreciated the role of the US Government in the termination of the hijacking of an Indian Airlines Boeing-737 at Dubai. The Prime Minister conveyed our appreciation to President Reagan.

The Bhopal gas tragedy, involving an American multinational firm Union Carbide, created controversy, and the legal and other ramifications of the tragedy are presently under study.

Indo-US economic and commercial relations grew during 1984. The third Indo-US Sub-Commission meeting on Agriculture was held in January 1984 and the 9th meeting of Indo-US Business Council took place in November 1984. India also accepted the invitation of NASA to include an Indian scientist in the US space shuttle mission.
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Negotiations for the conclusion of a Memorandum on the transfer of high technology between the two countries were also undertaken. A Memorandum of Understanding has been initialled and is awaiting further processing by the two sides.

During the period under review, a number of visits took place between the two countries. The Chairman of the Policy Planning Committee, Shri G. Parthasarathi, the Foreign Secretary as well as other officials of the Government of India visited the USA. Among the visitors from the USA were Vice-President, George Bush, a 5-member Congressional delegation, as also five Senators in November 1984. The US Secretary of State, Mr. George Shultz, led a high-powered delegation from the United States to attend the funeral of Shrimati Gandhi. Towards the end of the year, the Chairman of the Congressional Sub-Committee on Asia, Congressman Stephen Solarz, visited India to see for himself the effects of the Bhopal gas tragedy.
The President of the United States sent a warm message of congratulations to the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, on his assuming the Prime Ministership and for the election victory. The US President said that the recent free and vigorous elections in India and the United States have re-affirmed the shared commitment to democratic institutions and traditions between the two countries.

Relations between India and Canada continued to be cordial. However, in the wake of the army's entry into the Golden Temple, "Khalistani" activities have been on the increase in Canada. There have been numerous cases of demonstrations, forced entry of the Missions' premises and cases of violence. These have taken place mostly in Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver, where Indian Missions are located. The activities of these "Khalistanis" finally culminated in an attempt on our Acting High Commissioner on 18 July 1984 at Winnipeg. The Canadian Government rather belatedly issued a statement regretting attacks against Indian property and diplomats.

The news of Smt. Indira Gandhi's death was received with widespread grief in Canada. The Canadian delegation was led by their Secretary of State for External Affairs and included the Chief Justice of Canada and representatives from various provinces, including some provincial Ministers. The Canadian Prime Minister, Mr. Brian Mulroney, conveyed his deepest sympathy to Shri Rajiv Gandhi and other family members and reaffirmed that "Canada is determined to maintain close and cordial relations with the world's most populous democracy."

Indo-Canadian Air Talks were held in New Delhi in May-June 1984. Discussions focused on the exchange of additional traffic rights, capacity provision and related matters. The Indian side expressed its interest in access to Toronto and intermediate and beyond rights for its designated airline. At the Bilateral Air Talks held in Ottawa on 15 October 1984, these rights were conferred on Air India.
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An index of the Canadian interest in India as a market has been the growth in the exchange of visits both of an official and of a commercial nature. In February 1984 the Minister of International Trade of Canada, Mr. Gerald Reagan, paid a visit to India to support the efforts of an increasing number of Canadian industries seeking new opportunities for industrial co-operation with India. An eleven member Canadian industrial delegation arrived in New Delhi for the Canada-India Joint Business Council meeting under the auspices of FICCI on 22 May 1984. Premier Pawley of Canada's Manitoba province led an Economic Mission to India from 24 to 28 October 1984. The delegation sought to promote awareness of investment opportunities in Manitoba focussing on the development of its energy and potash reserves and the potential for various components of proposed aluminium projects.

A Canadian Parliamentary delegation led by the Chairman of the Canadian branch of Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, the Hon'ble Minister Mr. Louis Desmaranis, MP, visited India in April 1984. The Commonwealth Finance Ministers met in Toronto from 18 to 20 September 1984 and the Indian delegation was led by the Finance Minister. Major-General R. S. Sparrow visited Vancouver on 9 October 1984 and briefed Canadian officials and MPs about developments in Punjab.

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
India's relations with the countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean were marked by greater interest to increased co-operation. A number of visits took place and several agreements were signed during the period under review.

The major event was the State visit of the Indian President to Mexico and Argentina in April 1984, the first visit by an Indian Head of State to Latin America. The President also met the President of Peru during a re-fuelling halt in Lima.
It was agreed that the six-nation disarmament summit to be held in January 1985 in New Delhi would be attended by the Presidents of Argentina and Mexico, who would also be paying State visits to India at the end of that month.

During the visit of the President of India to Mexico, letters were exchanged for the renewal of the bilateral Agreement on Co- operation in Science and Technology and to extend the current Cultural Exchange Programme till the signing of the new programme in 1985.

A six-member delegation led by the Health Minister, Shri B. Shankaranand, attended the International Population Conference in Mexico in August 1984.
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In September 1984, a delegation led by the Secretary (East) Shri K. Natwar Singh, visited Mexico for the first Indo-Mexican Joint Commission meeting. The Joint Commission discussed recent developments and economic prospects in the context of the present world economic situation, steps for establishment of a new international economic order and for increased bilateral trade and closer co-operation in the areas of industry, energy, finance, transport and tourism.

Dr. Octavio Paz, a poet of international stature and a former Ambassador of Mexico to India, who was invited to deliver the Nehru Memorial Lecture, visited India.

Argentina's Vice Foreign Minister, Mr. Oscar Yuinovsky, visited India in March 1984 as a Special Envoy of the Argentine President.

The Economic Adviser to the President of Argentina, Dr. Raul Prebisch, visited India in September 1984 in connection with the first meeting of the Indo-Argentine Joint Trade Committee. A wide range of subjects including trade, commerce, shipping and co- operation in various fields were reviewed.

An Agreement on Economic Co-operation between India and Argentina was initialled by the Secretary (ER), Shri Romesh Bhandari, and Dr. Raul Prebisch, and signed during President Alfonsin's visit to India in January 1985. Earlier an Agreement between the Shipping Corporation of India and the National Shipping Lines (ELMA) of Argentina providing for shipping services between the two countries was signed during our President's visit to Argentina. This Agreement is likely to overcome the major obstacle to trade between India and South America.

The Deputy Minister of Education and Culture and Social Welfare, Shri P. K. Thungon, visited Venezuela for the signing of the first Cultural Agreement between the two countries.

The Foreign Minister of Brazil, Mr. Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro, paid an official visit to India in March 1984, the first high- level bilateral visit by a Brazilian dignitary since India's Independence.

Jamaica's Minister for Youth and Community Development, Mr. Edmund Bartlett, visited India in February 1984 to attend the International Exposition of Rural Development.
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A 30-member Colombian Industrial Delegation visited India in May 1984.
Justice (Mrs.) Jean Permanand of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago visited India in September 1984.
The Deputy Foreign Minister of Cuba, Dr. Pelegrin Torras, visited India in November 1984 for official discussions on international and bilateral matters.

Representatives from Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana, Mexico, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago visited India for the funeral of the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi. Among the dignitaries were, de facto President of Suriname, Mr. Ramdat Misier, the Vice-President of Argentina, Dr. Victor Martinez, the Prime Minister and first Vice-President of Guyana, Mr. H. D. Hoyte, the Foreign Minister of Barbados, Mr. Louis Tull, Senator and former Deputy Prime Minister of Belize, Mr. C. L. B. Rogers, Politburo Member of Cuba, Mr. Juan Almeide Bosque, the Minister for Culture of Nicaragua, Mr. Ernestro Cardenal, the Minister of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, Mr. Kamaluddin Mohammad and the Minister of State for International Economic Relations of Venezula, Mr. Manuel Perez Guerrero. Bahamas, Jamaica and Mexico were represented by their Ambassadors to the United Nations, USA, and UN respectively. Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru were represented by their Ambassadors in New Delhi.

Uncertainty and tension continued to exist in the region of Central America and the threat to peace in the area, particularly in Nicaragua, was the subject of discussion in international fora.

The Prime Minister and Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, issued on 14 November 1984, a statement on the Central American crisis, viewing with great concern the escalating tensions and threats of armed conflicts in the region, especially in and around Nicaragua.
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UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
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During the period under review India continued to play its traditionally active and important role in multilateral fora, particularly at the United Nations. The significance of this role was enhanced further by virtue of India's Chairmanship of the Movement of Non-Aligned countries and its membership, since 1 January 1984, of the Security Council. Also during the period under review, India was once again elected a member of the Economic and Social Council. Thus, India was represented on each of the important principal organs of the Organisation. In addition, it remained a member of and participated actively in a number of subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council. A number of distinguished Indians were elected or remained members, in their individual capacity, of important UN bodies. Shri M. C. Bhandare, MP, was elected to the Sub-Committee for a 3-year term by the Human Rights Committee. Smt. Shanti Sadiq Ali was elected to the UN Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination for another term of 4 years.

The year 1985 will mark the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations, an event which will be commemorated at the United Nations and around the world, including India. Consistent with its own firm and abiding faith in the United Nations, of which it is a founder member, as also in its capacity as Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Government of India felt that it would be appropriate for the Non-Aligned countries to take the lead in the preparations for and the actual observance of the anniversary. It would be recalled that, at their Seventh Summit held in New Delhi in March 1983, the late Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi had also reiterated that "firm faith in the United Nations is central to the Non-Aligned." Following India's active efforts to mobilise the NAM into playing a leading role with regard to the 40th anniversary of the UN, the Non-Aligned countries presented a draft resolution on the question in the Preparatory Committee established by the General Assembly for the purpose. For several weeks, the Indian delegation made intensive efforts to secure global consensus on the text. However, owing to the negative attitude adopted by certain countries outside the Movement, no consensus could be reached on the Non-Aligned draft and the Assembly could do no better than adopt a resolution of a procedural nature. However, the constructive role of the Non- Aligned countries, and of India as its Chairman in particular, was widely acknowledged. India and other Non-Aligned countries intend to take active part in the actual commemoration of the anniversary in 1985.
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On 1 January 1984, India became a member of the Security Council, having been elected to a non-permanent seat in the body at the 38th session of the General Assembly. India has been a member of the Council in 1950-51, 1967-68, 1972-73, 1977-78 and is now a member for the fifth time, for the 1984-85 term. The importance of India's membership of the Council is enhanced by its concurrent Chairmanship of the Movement of Non-Aligned countries. During the period under review India participated constructively in the deliberations of the Security Council on the various issues of which the Council was seized. Apart from making a number of formal statements, India has been active in negotiating draft resolutions and in the continuous process of informal consultations with other members of the Council as well as the member States concerned with particular issues.

Political Issues
In all the three main fora dealing with disarmament issues, namely, the Conference on Disarmament, the UN Disarmament Commission, and the First Committee of the UN General Assembly, India continued to play an important role during the year under review. India firmly believes that in this nuclear age, disarmament is indispensable not only for world peace but for the very survival of mankind.

Unfortunately, 1984 was characterised by little or no progress on disarmament issues and the prospects of a major break-through appeared to be bleak with accentuated distrust and increasing military competition particularly between the two major powers. Talks between the USA and USSR for limiting or reducing their nuclear arsenals, strategic as well as medium range, broke down and there was a stalemate at the Vienna talks on force reductions in Central Europe. At the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, the main multilateral negotiating forum on disarmament, there was no forward movement on issues of nuclear disarmament.

Substantial re-armament programmes, particularly in the nuclear weapon field, were initiated and the new threshold technologies which are being developed, will increase the risk of a nuclear catastrophe. At the same time there was growing public awareness of the pressing need for nuclear disarmament. The measure of concern felt by people throughout the world was reflected in the growth of peace movements.

Towards the latter half of the year contacts between the USA and USSR opened up the possibility of a resumption of arms negotiations between the two major nuclear weapon powers. The USSR Foreign Minister, Mr. Andrei Gromyko and the U.S. Secretary of State, Mr. George Shultz met in Geneva on January 7 and 8, 1985. India welcomed their decision to commence negotiations on a "complex of issues concerning space and nuclear arms, both strategic and intermediate range, with all the questions considered and resolved in their inter-relationship". India specially welcomed
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the affirmation by both the US and USSR that the objective of the forthcoming negotiations will be to work out effective agreements aimed at preventing an arms race in space and terminating it on earth, ultimately leading to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons.

India took the initiative in arousing the world conscience on the urgent need for nuclear disarmament and a resumption of the dialogue between the nuclear weapon states. The late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, along with five other Heads of State issued a Joint Appeal to all nuclear weapon states. The appeal issued on 22 May 1984, was signed, apart from Shrimati Indira Gandhi, by Mr. Olaf Palme Prime Minister of Sweden, Mr. Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania, Mr. Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico, and Dr. Raul Alfonsin, President of Argentina. It stressed that though it was primarily the responsibility of the nuclear weapon states to prevent nuclear catastrophe, this issue was too important to be left to the nuclear weapon powers alone. The appeal called on the nuclear weapon states to halt the testing, production and deployment of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems to be followed by a programme of arms reduction, leading to General and Complete Disarmament. It also urged measures to strengthen the United Nations system and to ensure urgently needed transfer of substantial resources from the arms race to social and economic development.

The Appeal received extensive international support, and was endorsed by several governments, though the governments of some nuclear weapon powers expressed reservations on the measures suggested by the six leaders. The leaders of these six countries decided to meet in New Delhi in January, 1985 to consider ways to further their efforts. The Delhi Declaration adopted on 28th January, 1985, re-affirmed the appeal of May 1984. It, further, called for urgent steps to prevent an arms race in outer space and for concluding a comprehensive treaty prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons. The six leaders have also discussed various follow-up measures.

In the Conference on Disarmament, India contributed to the on- going negotiations on an International Convention prohibiting chemical weapons and underlined the dangers posed by the extension of the arms race into outer space. In the United Nations Disarmament Commission, India played an important role in forging a consensus on a proposal to hold an International Conference to renew relationship between Disarmament and Development in all its aspects.

As in previous years, India took important initiatives in the First Committee of the 39th General Assembly to promote disarmament. Draft resolutions were tabled on the Convention on Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons and on a Freeze on Nuclear Weapons. Both these resolutions were adopted by an overwhelming majority of the UN General Assembly. Another significant initiative taken by India was a proposal that a study be undertaken by a Group of Governmental Experts on Nuclear Deterrence, which in our view, has helped to fuel the nuclear arms race and has provided a justification for attempts to acquire military superiority.
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In all, 64 resolutions dealing with various issues on disarmament came up for vote, reflecting increasing public concern in this important question before the First Committee. India cosponsored 16 and voted in favour of 31. As for resolutions pertaining to matters which, in the view of the Indian delegation, were not of immediate priority or which served to trivialise or defer the need to come to grips with the most essential question of nuclear disarmament, India held serious reservations. In explanation of its negative votes on two resolutions and abstentions on 21 others, India put forth the principled reasons behind its dissenting vote. In particular the recurrent initiative by Pakistan for setting up a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in South Asia was opposed by India.

Through active consultations with members of the. Non-Aligned group, it was possible to make a constructive contribution to the work of the First Committee.

Apart from disarmament items, other political issues of continuing concern were South Africa, Namibia, Palestine, Central America, Cyprus and issues relating to Decolonisation. On the new items on the agenda, the important ones related to use of Outer Space exclusively for peaceful purposes for the benefit of mankind, and the inadmissibility of the policy of State Terrorism and any actions by States aimed at undermining the Socio- political systems in other sovereign States. Both these items were also inscribed at the request of the USSR.

The Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri R. N. Mirdha, made a comprehensive statement on 27 September 1984, during the general debate in the Plenary Session of the UN General Assembly, where he re-affirmed the undiminished faith of the Government and the people of India in the United Nations and its continued commitment to the purposes and principles enshrined in the UN Charter.

At the general debate which attracted 16 Heads of State/Government, in addition to Foreign Ministers and others, Disarmament and Development were recurring themes. The danger of a retreat from multilateralism, seen in the current US attitude towards international organisations, was strongly underlined by the delegations, which stressed the need to oppose such a trend.

The situation in West Asia engaged the constant attention of the UN General Assembly and the Security Council during 1984. In pursuance of General Assembly resolution 38/58 C of the UN, the Secretary-General addressed communications to member States proposing a "Plan of Action", and ascertaining views on issues relevant to the organisation and convening of the International Peace Conference on the Middle East. While most States responded positively to the Secretary-General's communications, the response of the US and Israel was in the negative. Others like UK, France and Netherlands indicated that the time was not ripe for the convening of such a Conference. In its response to the Secretary-General's communication, the Government of India conveyed its broad agreement with the Plan of Action proposed by the 3 EA/84-8
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Secretary-General. It was stressed that the situation in West Asia did not brook any delay and urgent preparatory measures should be undertaken so that the Conference could be convened at the earliest possible.

Formal meetings of the Security Council were held to consider the situation in Lebanon and in the occupied Palestinian and Arab territories. The Council approved the extension of the mandates of UNIFIL and UNDOF. In the Council's informal consultations on these varied issues, India played an active and important role to work out consensus and compromise formulations. Statements reflecting views of the Government of India, as well as the position of the Movement of Non-Nigned countries, were made by the Indian representative on several occasions.

The General Assembly adopted seven resolutions on the two items : "the Question of Palestine," and the "Situation in the Middle East," cosponsored by India and several other Non-Aligned countries. The resolutions were along the lines of previous resolutions on the subject adopted by the General Assembly.

As in the previous years, a number of Arab, and other Islamic and Socialist countries, sent a joint communication recording reservations on the credentials of the delegation of Israel and voicing indignation over Israels' flagrant and persistent violation of the principles of international law and the UN Charter. However, an Iranian amendment to the Report of the Credentials Committee seeking the rejection of the credentials of Israel was not accepted by the General Assembly. The Indian representative drew attention to the sense of indignation and outrage of the overwhelming majority of the member States of the UN and the international community in general, over the continued and defiant refusal of Israel, in violation of its Charter obligations, to comply with relevant UN resolutions. He placed on record India's historic and consistent support for the people of Palestine and the Arab cause.

The period under review saw no progress towards the attainment of independence by Namibia, which remains the last colonial territory on the African continent, occupied illegally by the racist regime of South Africa. As Vice-President and founder member of the United Nations Council for Namibia, the legal administering authority of the territory until Independence, India continued to participate actively in the work of the Council. A high-level mission of the Council, led by its President, visited New Delhi from 16 to 18 May 1984 for consultations with the Chairperson of the NAM. The Indian delegation also took an active part in drafting the resolutions on Namibia, for submission to the General Assembly at its 39th session.

During consideration of the question of Namibia in the General Assembly, specifically, of three of the five draft resolutions submitted by the Council for Namibia which made critical references to the US, the USA submitted eleven amendments seeking to delete such references. None of the US amendments secured the requisite majority and the original resolutions were adopted by large majorities.
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The tumult within South Africa, stemming from attempts by the racist regime to consolidate the system of apartheid, found reflection at the United Nations throughout the year, both in the Security Council and the General Assembly, as well as in the Special Committee against Apartheid. The Indian delegation played a leading role in the Security Council, which met twice in August 1984 in the context of the fraudulent elections carried out by South Africa on the basis of so-called constitutional reforms. On these occasions, the Council adopted resolutions 554 and 556 respectively each cosponsored by India and the seven other Non- Aligned members of the Council. India similarly participated actively in the deliberations of the Security Council Committee, established under resolution 421 (1977) to monitor the arms embargo against South Africa, which had met to consider a Netherlands sponsored initiative to ban import of armaments from South Africa; through its constructive participation in the discussions on the item among the Non-Aligned caucus, the Indian delegation helped to ensure that the resolution adopted by the Security Council in December 1984 on the subject served to reinforce, and not detract from, the original arms embargo imposed against South Africa in 1977.

The Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid paid an official visit to India from 27 to 30 August 1984 for consultations with the Government of India and Chairperson of NAM. A mission of Women leaders was also sent to India in September 1984 by the Special Committee upon the recommendation of the Task Force on Women and Children. During the year under review, the representative of India on the Committee continued to chair the Task Force on Political Prisoners. India is also a member of the Advisory Committee of the UN Educational and Training Programme for Southern Africa.


The debate on the question of Apartheid in the 39th Session of the General Assembly was based mainly on the Report of the Special Committee against Apartheid, in the preparation of which India played an active role. Seven resolutions were drafted by the Special Committee ; six of these were adopted by a large majority vote, with a number of Western countries either voting against or abstaining. India, which cosponsored most of the resolutions, voted in favour of all of them.

The tense and volatile situation in Central America continued to evoke serious concern world-wide during the period under review. The Security Council was called into session on three occasions in 1984 to take up a Nicaraguan complaint of interference and intervention from outside quarters. The mining of Nicaraguan ports and harbours was the subject of a provisional order by the International Court of Justice in May 1984, a month after the United States had vetoed a draft resolution in the Security Council, which had sought to call for an immediate end to such mining of ports and to affirm the right of free navigation and commerce in international waters. In November 1984, there were renewed and repeated violations of Nicaraguan airspace and territorial waters, leading to a dramatic escalation in the level of tension, causing the Security Council to convene once again. The efforts of the Contadora Group of
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countries (Columbia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela) to find a negotiated settlement to the problems of the region initially made significant headway in the form of the revised Contadora Act on Peace and Co-operation in Central America of 8 September 1984. Nicaraguan agreed to accept the Act in its entirety, without reservations. The evolution of the attitude of some of the States of the region towards the Contadora Act and its subsequent results have caused some anxiety. In its deliberations on the question in October 1984, the General Assembly adopted by consensus a resolution expressing support to Contadora.

Throughout the period under review, India kept abreast of the situation and remained in close touch with the parties concerned, particularly as Chairman of NAM. In the Security Council and the General Assembly, the Indian delegation took an active interest in the deliberations on the situation in Central America and pressed for a political and negotiated solution, expressing full support for the Contadora Group.

International attention continued to focus on the question of Cyprus. The unilateral declaration of independence by the Turkish Cypriot community on 15 November 1983 had seriously affected prospects of a settlement of this issue. The exchange of "Ambassadors" between Turkey and the so-called Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the announcement of elections to a Turkish Cypriot "Assembly" only exacerbated tensions. At the United Nations, the Security Council met from 3 to 11 May 1984 to take stock of the situation created by the non-implementation of its earlier resolution 541 (1983). India participated actively in these deliberations, taking part in the debate on the question and cosponsoring the draft resolution ultimately adopted as SCR- 550 (1984).

Also during the period under review, the Commonwealth Action Group on Cyprus (consisting of Australia, Guyana, India, Nigeria and Zambia) held five meetings and took stock of the evolving situation.

The United Nations once again considered the question of Afghanistan and adopted a resolution similar to the one adopted in 1983, by 119 votes in favour, 20 against and 14 abstentions. India, as in previous years, abstained. The Indian delegate once again stressed the need to prevent escalation of tensions in the region and to take effective action to defuse them. He urged all concerned to work for the evolution of a political solution based on a dialogue between the parties directly involved.

The situation in Kampuchea also received attention in the General Assembly. While a number of delegations, including India, expressed their reservations on the credentials of "Democratic Kampuchea", there was a formal move in the General Assembly to challenge its credentials. Vietnam and the socialist countries, however, refrained from participating in a "unilateral" debate which would hamper efforts to bring about national reconciliation. The substantive resolution on Kampuchea was adopted by 110 votes in favour, 22 against and 18 abstentions. India abstained on the ground that the adoption of a resolution that satisfied only one side, would obstruct
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rather than encourage constructive contacts. India advocated a comprehensive political solution, based on the principles and framework accepted by the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit in Delhi.

The prospects for convening a Conference on the Indian Ocean receded further when the UN General Assembly adopted by consensus a resolution requesting the Ad hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean "to complete preparatory work relating to the Conference on the Indian Ocean in 1985, in order to enable the opening of the Conference at Colombo thereafter at the earliest date in the first half of 1986 to be decided by the Committee in consultation with the host country". The Western powers maintained that there was no possibility of convening a Conference, unless there was an improvement in the political and security climate in the region. In addition, they wanted the Adhoc Committee to harmonise views with regard to the concept of the Zone of Peace, the objectives of the Conference and the remaining issues. The resolution, prepared after months of intensive negotiations, followed the pattern of the resolution adopted in 1983 since the Western Powers held on to their inflexible position. During the debate on this item at the 39th UN General Assembly, the Indian representative stated "India attaches great importance to the early convening of the Conference on the Indian Ocean as a necessary step for the implementation of the declaration adopted in 1971...."

For the second year in succession the General Assembly considered the question of Antarctica. The debate revealed widespread concern among the developing countries on the question. Some countries stressed that Antarctica was a common heritage of mankind and required a new regime. On the other hand, the Treaty powers highlighted the positive role of the Treaty and stressed that the Antarctica Treaty regime has preserved international peace and security, promoted peaceful co-operation and scientific research in the area, reconciled conflicting territorial claims and maintained the area as a nuclear free zone. The General Assembly adopted a procedural resolution by consensus which expressed appreciation to the Secretary-General for the study on "The Question of Antarctica" and decided to include in the provisional agenda of its 40th session an item on Antarctica. The resolution was the result of intensive negotiations between Malaysia and the Antarctica Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCP). India, as Chairman of NAM and as an ATCP, played a constructive role in the deliberations and contributed significantly to the evolution of an acceptable consensus.

The debate on the agenda item dealing with the Iran-Iraq conflict was once again postponed to a resumed session, in consultation with the parties concerned. The on-going hostilities between Iran and Iraq, however, engaged the attention of the Security Council during 1984.

Upon a complaint by the Gulf States, the Security Council met to consider the situation arising from attacks on ships in the Gulf and adopted resolution 522 (1984) which condemned the attacks on commercial shipping en route to and from the ports
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of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, called upon all States to respect the right of free navigation. As a country with friendly relations with both Iran and Iraq, India played a key role in the Council's informal consultations in evolving balanced formulations.

India has traditionally attached great importance to decolonisation, and has participated actively in the deliberations and activities of the United Nations with regard to decolonisation issues. Mention has already been made of India's role in promoting the Namibian cause. During the period under review, India took an active part in the deliberations of the Special Committee on Decolonisation, of which it is a member since the Committee's inception; the Committee has been entrusted by the General Assembly with the task of keeping under constant review thq situation in the non-self-governing-territories (the number of which has now dwindled to about a dozen) and of guiding the political and socio-economic evolution of their peoples towards selfdetermination. At the 39th session of the UN General Assembly, India cosponsored two resolutions on decolonisation.

It is pertinent to mention in this context that 1985 will also mark the 25th anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Historic Declaration on Decolonisation. India has participated actively in the process or planning for the commemoration of this event. During the consideration of the observance of the 40th anniversary of the UN in the General Assembly, at its 39th session, India tabled a draft resolution, on behalf of the NAM, which expressed the collective desire of the Assembly that 2he activities in connection with the 40th anniversary of the UN should also appropriately reflect the fact that the 25th anniversary of resolution 1514 would also fall in 1985; the resolution was adopted by a large majority.

The meeting of the Board of Governors and the 28th Regular Session of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were held in Vienna in June and September 1984 respectively. At this Session India was once again designated as one of the nine globally most advanced countries in nuclear technology for membership on IAEA's Board of Governors. The General Conferenc. unanimously approved a resolution amending Article VI.A. I of the Statute which enabled the provisional entry of the People's Republic of China into the Board of Governors as its tenth globally most advanced member, pending ratification of amendment. India's status as one of the nine globally most advanced countries remains unchanged. The General Conference also adopted with large majorities, important resolutions on South Africa's nuclear capabilities, the consequences of the Israeli military attack on the Iraqi Nuclear Research Reactor and the standing threat of a similar attack with its implications for the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes; the role and activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency, financing of safeguards etc. The Chairman of Department of Atomic Energy made a statement at the General Confereace, wherein he advocated the return of the Agency to its original purposes as envisaged in the Statute and highlighted the urgent need for increasing the promotional aspects of the work within the Agency and criticised the growing restrictions of various kinds
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which were being successively introduced on the peaceful programmes for use of atomic energy by developing countries. His statement received wide appreciation. India continued to maintain its principled position on issues such as Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty and full scope safeguards.

India played a major role in ensuring the final resolution of outstanding problems on the agenda for the UN Conference for the Promotion of International Co-operation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy.

The work of the Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) had ended in a stalemate over the question of militarisation of outer space. The US and the Western Group have taken the position that COPUOS did not have the mandate to discuss this question. The differences of opinion on this subject prevented the Committee from arriving at a consensus. An achievement of the 39th UN General Assembly Session lay in that it was able to accept a resolution on this subject by consensus, with all sides agreeing to implement the unanimous decisions of UNISPACE 1982. However, the effective functioning of COPUOS in the coming year remains a matter of concern to us.

Economic Issues
On economic and financial issues, developments in the UN Forums, during the year under review, clearly reflected the continuing lack of political will on the part of industrialised countries to provide any concrete content to the North-South dialogue. On all important issues of trade, money and finance related to development, there was a demonstrable lack of will to utilise the multilateral processes to achieve economic growth. This was amply illustrated in the exercise on Review and Appraisal of the IDS as well as at UNIDO-IV. The main thrust of the effort on the part of some of these industrialised countries had been to stress that there was no "global economic crisis," and that developing countries must adapt their economies towards more marketoriented policies to take advantage of the recovery in the economies of the United States and other industrialised countries.

Notwithstanding the adverse conditions for negotiations, the Indian delegation played a leading role during the 39th session in preparing resolutions tabled on behalf of the Group of 77. Particular efforts were made to see that they reflected the concern and suggestions which had already been expressed in. the Economic Declaration adopted by the New Delhi Non-Aligned Summit. Several important resolutions, particularly on food and agriculture, and trade and development" could be negotiated successfully and were adopted by consensus. Some others, such as on industrial development co-operation, could not be negotiated and had to be voted mainly on account of the financial implications which they contained. India was able to successfully negotiate
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a resolution on Development of Energy Resources of Developing Countries, both with the OPEC members of the Group of 77 as well as industrialised countries and the resolution was adopted by consensus. This resolution would give further impetus to the UN system's work in this area. India also played an important role in the negotiation of the resolutions on economic co-operation among Developing Countries and Operational Activities of the UN system, both of which were adopted by consensus. Another significant resolution that was adopted by consensus was the resolution regarding conversion of UNIDO into a specialised agency. This would set into motion the calendar which has been drawn up for completion of the process of conversion.

Negotiations were most difficult in the area of money and finance. The leading industrialised countries have increasingly taken the position that these questions should be discussed only in the IMF and the World Bank and that the normal approach for negotiations should be to consider issues on a case by case basis. After prolonged negotiations it was decided to defer a decision on the International Conference on Money and Finance for Development till the next session of the General"Assembly. The objective is to continue efforts towards creating an environment conducive to holding such a conference.

One of the most noteworthy features of the 39th General Assembly was the emphasis on the Critical Economic Situation in Africa. A Declaration on the subject was adopted by consensus. Although the African countries were mainly responsible for the negotiations of this Declaration, the Indian delegation was able to offer constructive suggestions and advice during informal consultations.


India also made several important statements on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement on issues such as (i) Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and (ii) World Food Day. The statements made in the Committee on different agenda items by the Indian Delegation were appreciated for their balance and content

The Fourth General Conference of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO-IV) was held in Vienna from 2 to 20 August 1984. As Chairman of the Group of 77 during the year in Vienna and also as Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Plenary, India played a major part in the drafting of Chapeau and in maintaining the unity of the Group of 77. The outcome of the Conference, however, fell far short of the expectations of the developing countries. No new activities were approved. Nor was any expansion of existing activities allowed. This was largely due to the unhelpful attitude on the part of the developed countries towards committing themselves towards increased international co-operation.

The International Population Conference was held in Mexico in August 1984. This major conference adopted useful recommendations for the implementation of the World Population Action and also issued a declaration on population and development.
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The Indian delegation, which was led by Shri B. Shankaranand, the then Minister of Health, took a very active part in the proceedings of the conference.

India also played a leading role in the extraordinary session of the ICAO General Assembly held in Montreal from 24 April to 12 May 1984, which was convened to consider proposals for the amendment of the Chicago Convention following the downing of the Korean Air Lines passenger aircraft over Soviet airspace in August 1983. Largely due to the efforts of our delegation, the final amendments that were adopted by the Assembly made it possible to preserve the essential balance in the Convention between the two major constitutional principles of the sovereignty of state and the security of civil aviation.

Through concerted efforts it was possible to ensure the establishment of one of the component centres of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in New Delhi. India actively participated in the various preparatory committee meetings and the plenipotentiary meeting of ICGEB during the year.

The United States proceeded to withdraw from UNESCO, in accordance with the notice it had given the previous year. The United Kingdom also gave notice of its intention to withdraw from UNESCO at the end of 1985 unless substantial reforms had been achieved by them. The Non-Aligned group at the UNESCO headquarters expressed regret at these decisions of the governments of USA and UK. The group continued to reaffirm its support to UNESCO and to its Director General in their efforts to fulfill the purpose of the organisation. Meanwhile, a number of reform proposals were decided upon in UNESCO and their implementation were underway.

Administrative and Financial Issues
The 39th General Assembly marked the initial phase of a concerted attempt by the major contributors, from both West and East, to ensure further restrictions on the growth of the UN budget and to modify the UN Common System. Attacks were also made on the grounds that the UN was inefficient and ineffective in the use of resources, both human and financial. The nature in which programme budget implications of activities requested in draft resolutions were to be presented by the Secretariat in pursuance of General Assembly resolution 38/227 was the subject of lengthy discussions and negotiations. With a view to ensuring a zero real growth in the budget, the major donors insisted that all new activities be carried out from resources released by the reduction of existing low priority activities. Besides enforcing a freeze in level of expenditure, the approach of the major donors would place the group of 77 in a position where by difficult political decisions would have to be taken on the selection of activities to be reduced. The Group 3 EA/84-9
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of 77, spearheaded by India and other like-minded countries had been in constant touch with the Secretariat during 1984 on this matter to counteract the pressure from the major donors. Consequently, at the 39th General Assembly, the Secretariat was in a position to provide programme budget statements which were non-controversial and with no proposals for reduction in the current programme of the UN.

The major donors have, over the years, espoused the view that the international Civil Service was inefficient, ineffective and overpaid. Therefore, when the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) reported its decision to raise the post adjustment, i.e. the cost of living allowance for New York, the ICSC came under heavy criticism. However, India, the major Latin American States and a few other developing countries, took the position that the ICSC's decision was based solely on technical considerations, that it had acted fully within its mandate and that, therefore, its decision must be supported. One part of this increase in post adjustment had been implemented on 1 August 1984 and the other was due to take effect on 1 December 1984. The major donors supported the non-grant of the December instalment of the increase. This position was accepted by the majority of the Group of 77 under severe pressure from the major donors. Our delegation, supported by the major Latin American States, dissociated itself from this particular decision with an explanation of our position, without disturbing the consensus arrived at on the resolution as a whole.

Our delegation made some progress on the question of personnel in the UN. We succeeded in including in the resolution on personnel a request to the Secretary-General to study ways and means of applying the population factor, and to report to the General Assembly at its 40th session, taking into account the views expressed by member States. We succeeded in this effort by mustering support from a number of delegations that represented countries with large populations.

Social and Humanitarian Issues
In conformity with the principles of justice, liberty and equality enshrined in the Indian Constitution to assure the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation, and in keeping with the country's democratic temper and tradition and its faith in the Rule of Law, India continued its positive contribution to the functioning of all of the important Human Rights Bodies within the UN system.

During the 40th session of the Human Rights Commission held in February-March 1984 in Geneva, India once again highlighted the gravity of the Human Rights situation in Southern Africa, the practice of the abhorrent system of apartheid in South Africa, the continued colonisation of Namibia and the injuries and suffering inflicted upon the Arabs, especially Palestinians, in the territories occupied by Israel. The Indian representative stressed that in their magnitude and the scale of suffering, ththese
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Human Rights issues were the most important of our times. In respect of the situation in South Africa, India called for a review of the so-called policy of "constructive engagement," particularly when the condition of the people of South Africa and Namibia had progressively deteriorated during the past few years this policy has been followed. India also pointed out the fallacy of the view that racism and racial discrimination was a universal phenomenon. India stressed that racism is not inherent in the nature of man and that concerted and vigorous action should be taken immediately against its most flagrant manifestations. Our delegation pressed the view that on vital issues concerning human rights and fundamental freedoms, considerations of justice, equality, fraternity and the universal concern for preserving the basic dignity of the human being should be of paramount importance and not considerations of tactical political advantage or of the preservation of strategic military interests.

India played a positive role in the evolution of standards setting in securing human rights and fundamental freedoms universally by actively contributing to the finalisation of a Convention against Torture and to the on-going negotiations on measures to implement fully the provisions of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, the drafting of the conventions on the Right to Development, the Rights of the Child and the Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers.

The situation of Tamils in Sri Lanka came up for discussion during the 37th session of the Sub-Commission held in Geneva in August-September 1984. The Human Rights Commission had already appealed in March 1983 to the parties concerned to continue to take necessary measures to strengthen and maintain peace and restore harmony and had welcomed the measures for reconciliation, including the All Parties Conference, and expressed the hope that they would succeed in achieving a lasting solution to the problem. Since the situation had further detriorated, the Indian expert in the Sub-Commission, together with experts from other countries sponsored a resolution on this issue. The resolution expressed deep concern about the violence in Sri Lanka, recognised the ultimate responsibility of the Sri Lankan Government for the protection of all sections of the community, and called upon Sri Lanka to submit information on the progress made in the investigation of the violent incidents and the efforts to promote communal harmony to the Human Rights Commission at its 41st session scheduled to be held in February- March 1985.

In discharging its obligations as a signatory to the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, India submitted its first report which was considered in the 21st session of the Human Rights Committee held in New York from 28 to 30 March 1984. The measures adopted by the Indian Government to give effect to the various rights recognised in the Convention were explained to the Committee by a delegation led by the Attorney General of India. The presentation made by the Indian delegation and the steps taken by the Indian Government to ensure the enjoyment of civil and political rights by its citizens were warmly appreciated by the Committee.
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In the UN General Assembly, India actively participated in the work of the Third Committee wherein 57 resolutions were adopted. India played a moderating role in the adoption of many of these resolutions without a vote and cosponsored several important resolutions such as on the Declaration on the Control of Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse, on the continuation of the Voluntary Fund for Women beyond the Decade in autonomous association with UNDP and on the International Youth Year. India initiated a resolution on the establishment of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights which was adopted by consensus. India also played a major role in the adoption by consensus of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and contributed significantly to the work of the Working Group in completing the first reading of the Preamble and the articles of a Draft International Convention on the protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their families.

Activities of the Non-Aligned Movement
The year under review was marked by tragedy not merely for India but also for the Movement of Non-Aligned countries. In the untimely passing away of Smt. Indira Gandhi, India lost a beloved leader and the Movement a Chairperson of great stature and eminence, who won esteem the world over. The tragic loss of Smt. Gandhi put the NAM to a severe test, from which it emerged creditably with its unity and solidarity unscathed. The assumption of the Chairmanship by the Prime Minister Shri Rajiv Gandhi, was warmly welcomed by the Movement.


An Extra ordinary Plenary Meeting of the Non-Aligned countries was held in New York on 5 November 1984, to mourn the sad demise of Shrimati Indira Gandhi. At this meeting, warm and eloquent tributes were paid by members to the departed leader. At a subsequent meeting of the Coordinating Bureau on 19 November 1984, a message from the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, was read out in which, besides thanking members for the message of sympathy and condolence sent by the Movement, he expressed, as the new Chairperson, full faith in the unity of the Movement and in its ability to function as a positive, dynamic and significant force in international relations.

At the helm of the Movement, India continued to play an active role during the year under review. The initiatives taken by India and the activities undertaken by the Coordinating Bureau enabled the Movement to closely follow international developments and to make a dynamic and constructive impact on world affairs, particularly at the United Nations.

A number of meetings of the Movement were held during the year, at United Nations Headquarters and elsewhere. Shri G. Parthasarathi, Chairman, Policy Planning, presided over the Annual Meeting of the Non-Aligned Ministers and Heads
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of Delegation held in New York from 1 to 5 October 1984. Throughout the year, the Coordinating Bureau remained actively seized of pressing issues of global concern, and of particular concern to the NAM. The Non-Aligned caucus in the Security Council (consisting of eight Non-Aligned Members of the Council in 1984 including India) was also more active than in previous years and played a significant role in the deliberations of the Council on several issues. Through its activities in various fields, the Movement sought to promote its principled positions in important multilateral for a, such as the UN General Assembly and the Security Council. As in the previous year, the Movement took a number of measures as follow-up action to the decisions taken at the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned countries, held at New Delhi in March 1983, in particular under the Action Plan for Economic Co-operation.

During the period under review, the Movement of Non-Aligned countries remained actively seized of developments in various parts of the world. The Movement also remained involved along with the Group of 77, in activities relating to international economic co-operation for development. Some details are given in the following paragraphs.

The situation in and around Namibia, remained a matter of primary concern to NAM. The Annual Ministerial Meeting in New York once again considered the question and inter alia, reiterated an earlier decision to convene an Extraordinary Ministerial Meeting of the Coordinating Bureau on Namibia not later than April 1985.

A high level delegation of the UN Council for Namibia, led by its President, visited New Delhi from 16 to 18 May 1984, in order to acquaint the Chairperson of the Movement with the current situation in, and relating to, Namibia, and to hold consultations regarding the role that the Movement had played and could play in promoting the Namibian cause.

In the wake of the official visits by Prime Minister Botha of South Africa to several West European Countries, the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned countries met on 6 June 1984, and issued a communique which, inter alia, condemned these visits.

The Non-Aligned caucus in the Security Council was instrumental in securing the adoption by the Security Council of Council Resolutions SCR 554 (1984) and 556 (1984) of August 1984, which rejected and declared as null and void the so-called elections in South Africa on the basis of the fraudulant "constitutional reforms" of the South African Government. Both resolutions were cosponsored by all the eight Non-Aligned members of the Council.

India as Chairman of NAM was represented at the extraordinary plenary meetings of the UN Council for Namibia held at Bangkok from 21 to 25 May 1984, and at the
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solemn commemorative meetings organised at the United Nations on the occasion of International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of People of South Africa (16 June 1984), International Day of Solidarity with the struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia (9 August 1984), Namibia Day (27 August 1984) and the Symposium on a Century of Heroic Struggle of the People of Namibia against Colonial Occupation organised during the week of Solidarity with the People of Namibia and their Liberation Movement, SWAPO (31 October to 2 November 1984). Messages were sent by or on behalf of the Chairperson on all these occasions.

In response to the recommendations of the Non-Aligned Committee of Eight on Palestine, the Non-Aligned countries actively participated in the deliberations of the 39th UN General Assembly and cosponsored various resolutions on the subject. The Committee, at the level of Permanent Representatives in New York, followed the developments in West Asia very closely and met regularly to monitor the situation. The Committee also held meetings with the Permanent Representatives of several influential countries with a view to soliciting the co-operation of these countries for the convening of the International Peace Conference on West Asia. The Committee also actively supported the Secretary-General in his efforts to find a comprehensive peace in West Asia and urged him to expedite his consultations regarding the International Peace Conference on West Asia.

A ministerial level meeting of the Non-Aligned Committee of Eight on Palestine was held in New York on 3 October 1984. The Ministers reviewed the situation particularly with regard to UN General Assembly Resolution 38/58 calling for the convening of an International Peace Conference on West Asia and decided to continue actively their collective and individual efforts to mobilise all means available to ensure the convening of such a conference.

Within the Security Council, the Non-Aligned countries actively participated in the consideration of the situation in West Asia and expressed grave concern over the continuing Israeli policy of establishing illegal settlements in the occupied territories and the widespread and frequent violations by Israel of the rights of the Palestinian people in contravention of the relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and well established norms of international law. The Non-Aligned countries also called for a just and comprehensive solution of West Asian problem in accordance with the approved guidelines. They further called for the withdrawal of Israel from Lebanon and for the restoration of Lebanese sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and Non-Aligned status.

A message was sent by Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, the Chairperson of the Non-Aligned Movement, on the occasion of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People (29 November 1984).

The continuing war between Iran and Iraq engaged the attention of the Chairperson of the Movement, who sent several messages to the leaders of both countries
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urging them to bring about an immediate end to the conflict. Special emmissaries also visited both the countries. In the wake of the escalation infighting early in 1984, the Chairperson had made an appeal to the two countries to put an immediate end to the fighting and had also suggested that they avoid hitting civilian targets in the meanwhile. A statement was made on the question of use of chemical weapons on 15 March 1984. The Chairperson also remained in touch with leaders of several Non- Aligned countries and sought their suggestions and good offices in finding ways to end the four-year old war.

It will be recalled that the Seventh Summit had mandated the Coordinating Bureau "to closely monitor the events in the sub- region". In pursuance of that mandate, the Bureau met on several occasions during the year, beginning from 15 March 1984 to take stock of the latest situation in the area in the wake of reports of mining of Nicaraguan harbours. On that occasion, the Bureau heard statements by the representative of Nicaragua on the latest developments. The Non-Aligned caucus in the Security Council was also closely involved in the deliberations on the draft resolution submitted by Nicaragua which called for immediate halt to all hostile acts against Nicaragua. The resolution was vetoed by the United States.

In addition to formal meetings of the Bureau, the Chairperson kept in close touch with the countries concerned with a view to keeping abreast of the situation. The Bureau constituted an informal group of 'Friends of the Chair', comprising 13 countries, to assist the Chairman in following the evolving situation in Central America.

At another meeting of the Bureau on the situation in Central America,held on 19th November 1984, in the wake of renewed transgressions of Nicaraguan airspace and territorial waters and increase in tensions, the Bureau took note, with appreciation, of a statement made on behalf of the Prime Minister and Chairman of the Movement expressing concern over the deterioration in the situation in Central America. The communique reiterated the support of NAM for efforts of the Contadora Group.

The Third Conference of Labour Ministers of Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, held in Managua, Nicaragua, from 10 to 12 May 1984, adopted, Inter alia, a resolution on Nicaragua.

The President of Cyprus, Mr. Spyros Kyprianou, met the members of the Non-Aligned Contact Group on 11 January 1984, in New York, and indicated that he had presented to the UN Secretary-General a framework for a comprehensive and speedy solution to the Cyprus problem.


President Kyprianou addressed a special plenary meeting of the Non-Aligned countries on 30 April 1984, in New York, on the eve of the Security Council's consideration of the situation in Cyprus.
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There were many other political issues on which the Non- Aligned countries worked with great unity and solidarity. Notable amongst these was their active role in the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean in which their joint efforts led them to submit a draft framework of an agenda for the proposed Indian Ocean Conference.

During May 1984, the then Prime Minister of India, the late Shrimati Indira Gandhi, addressed personal letters and sent emissaries to the leaders of the London Summit of industrialised countries, reiterating the significance and continuing validity of the approach suggested by the New Delhi Summit on economic issues. The industrialised countries were called upon to take a more constructive attitude towards the problems of the developing countries as well as the structural problems facing the world economy.

In her capacity as Chairperson of the NAM, the late Shrimati Indira Gandhi set up a Group of Experts to examine the functioning of the existing international monetary and financial system and to study the substantive and procedural aspects of the proposal, made by the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit, for an International Conference on Money and Finance for Development with Universal Participation. The panel consisted of leading economists from Algeria, India, Mexico, Tanzania and Yugoslavia. The group submitted a report analysing the present inadequacies in the international monetary and financial system. This report represented an important contribution towards clarifying ideas and making suggestions for resolving the present monetary, and financial problems facing the international economy, particularly the developing countries, and would provide a valuable basis for further discussions on the subject of the proposed conference.

Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi made a statement on the famine in Africa, on 26 November 1984, in which he stated, inter alia, that as Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement he was in touch with other Non-Aligned countries on the question of short-and long- term assistance which could be given to the African countries in overcoming the present crisis caused by famine and drought. At the end of the year, consultations with African and other States were continuing with a view to ascertaining how best the Non- Aligned countries could demonstrate solidarity with their African brothers and formulate concrete plans of assistance to affected countries in Africa.

A number of meetings of the Non-Aligned countries were held in pursuance of the Action Programme on Economic Co-operation that was adopted at the New Delhi Summit.

The Non-Aligned countries held several meetings in New York with a view to finalising the Draft Statute of the Non-Aligned Centre for Science and Technology. The text of the Statute was finally agreed upon at the Non-Aligned Plenary Meeting held on 15 June 1984. A Conference of Plenipotentiaries will be held shortly to have the Statute adopted and opened for signature.
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A meeting of Irrigation Experts of Coordinators of Non-Aligned countries in the field of Food and Agriculture was held in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, from 16 to 22 June 1984. The meeting, which was attended by the 14 Coordinators and 27 other Non-Aligned countries, discussed ways and means of further promoting technical co-operation among the Non-Aligned and other developing countries in the design, construction and management of large, medium and small scale irrigation projects as well as considering the possibilities of establishing joint ventures for the production of a complete range of irrigation equipment.

The Ministers of Health of Non-Aligned and other developing countries met in Geneva on the eve of the 37th World Health Assembly Session. In preparation for this Ministerial Meeting, a Coordinating Group meeting was also held in Brioni, Yugoslavia from 26 to 30 March 1984. The three major items, which received attention at these meetings, related to a review of the progress made in the implementation of the Strategy for Health for All by the year 2000, review of the programme in TCDC and discussions on the items on the agenda of the World Health Assembly.

The Third Conference of Ministers of Labour of Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries was held in Managua, Nicaragua, from 10 to 12 May 1984. On substantive issues, the Conference adopted a number of recommendations for action on co-operation in the two areas of Vocational Training and Employment and Human Resources development in the Rural and Informal Sectors. The two other important and substantive resolutions that were adopted related to the participation of the Non-Aligned countries and coordination in ILO meetings, and follow-up action to the decisions taken by the two earlier Ministerial Conferences.

In accordance with the New Delhi Summit Declaration, a general conference of Ministers of Information of Non-Aligned Countries (COMINAC) was held in Jakarta from 26 to 30 January 1984. Prior to the Conference, a meeting of the Inter-Governmental Council was also held on 23-24 January 1984. The Conference adopted a Declaration which, inter-alia, contained an Action Programme on Media Co-operation. The Conference also passed a resolution expressing solidarity with UNESCO's Director-General and rejected firmly threats and pressures directed against that organisation. The Conference also issued an appeal to the mass media all over the world to help in promoting the establishment of a New World Information Order. The Conference adopted revised criteria for a fresh constitution of the Inter-Governmental Council.

In accordance with the Jakarta Declaration, the Technical Committee of the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP) met in Cairo in March 1984. A joint meeting of the Ministers of Information and Ministers of Telecommunications of the countries hosting the redistribution centres of NANAP was also held in Cairo from 9 to 10 May 1984. This meeting made substantial progress towards agreement on reduction of telecommunication tariffs by member States to achieve more efficient and shared utilisation of telecommunictions facilities and network.
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An International Sports Seminar on Training of Sports Cadres (NAMISS) was held at the Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports, Patiala, India, from 3 to 14 April 1984, which was attended by 36 delegates drawn from 21 countries.

The National Institution in India concerned with Research and Information Systems (RIS) of Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, which was set up in New Delhi in December 1983, became fully operational during the period under review. The activities of the Institution were financed by a budgetary grant from the Ministry of External Affairs of Rs. 5.2 lakhs for the year 1984- 85. Currently the RIS is undertaking preparations for the holding of the Second Meeting of the Institutions participating in the Research and Information Systems.

As recommended by the New Delhi Summit, the International Centre for Public Enterprises (ICPE), Ljubljana, commenced preparations for a study on the subject which could serve as a reference in the preparations for the World Conference on Women scheduled to be held in Nairobi in 1985. An outline of the proposed study submitted by ICPE was endorsed by the Coordinators in this field. Following this, consultants have been commissioned to work on various chapters of the study which is expected to be ready shortly.

Meanwhile, a Ministerial Meeting of the NAM Coordinating Group and other Developing Countries on the Role of Women in Development is proposed to be held in New Delhi in April 1985.

The Fourth Coordinating Group Meeting of the Non-Aligned countries in the Sphere of Standardisation, Metrology and Quality Control was held in Belgrade from 10 to 13 July 1984, at which plans of action for each one of the four functional groups, established by the earlier Coordinating Group meetings, as also the time-frame for their execution, were approved. As usual, this meeting also discussed the question of coordination of position of Non-Aligned countries in the International Standards Organisation (ISO) Council meetings.

The Fifth meeting of the Coordinating Countries and Second Meeting of Experts and Four Functional Groups were scheduled to be held in New Delhi from 23 to 31 January 1985. India participated in the Meeting of Foreign Ministers of OIC as 'Observer' in its capacity as Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Indian delegation to the meeting, held in Sanaa, Yemen Arab Republic, from 18 to 22 December 1984, was led by the former Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri A. A. Rahim. In a brief statement at the Inaugural Session, the leader of the Indian delegation, inter-alia, outlined the activities of the Non-Aligned Movement.

A list of the meetings held under the aegis of NAM, or where India participated in its capacity as Chairman of NAM, during the period under review, is given in Appendix I.
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International Law : Developments and Activities During 1984, the Preparatory Commission (PREPCOM) for the International Sea-bed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea continued its work. It held its second session in two parts viz., from 19 March to 13 April 1984 at Kingston, Jamaica, and from 13 August to 5 September 1984 in Geneva. India was represented at both these sessions.

In respect of the implementation of Resolution II of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea governing Preparatory Investment in Pioneer Activities relating to Polymetallic Nodules, the PREPCOM considered draft Rules and Regulations for Registration of Pioneer Investors and draft Rules on Confidentiality prepared by the Secretariat. In general discussion, it became clear that there were sharp differences on rules relating to resolution of conflicts concerning overlapping areas, nature, composition and functions of the technical group and confidentiality of data and information. However, the Plenary took up the first reading of the rules and was able to provisionally adopt the rules which were non-controversial. On the issue of conflict of overlapping claims, the Chairman held extensive consultations with the concerned delegations. As a result of these consultations an understanding on Resolution of Conflicts among Applicants for Registration as Pioneer Investors was reached at the resumed session held in August-September 1984 in Geneva. Thereupon the representatives of the four applicants for registration as pioneer investors, namely, India, USSR, Japan and France met in Geneva on 17 December 1984 and exchanged coordinates of the areas in respect of which they had made the applications. The coordinates of the application areas have been kept secret. Happily it has now been found, upon exchange of coordinates, that India's areas of application do not overlap with other pioneer investors. As a consequence of this development it is likely that the Rules for Registration of Pioneer Investors will be adopted at the Third Session of the PREPCOM scheduled to be held in Kingston in March-April 1985.

The Plenary also examined a working document prepared by the Secretariat containing the draft rules of procedure for the Assembly of the Sea-bed Authority. It completed discussion on a majority of the 1 1 1 rules contained in the working document.

The four Special Commissions of the Preparatory Commission considered the subjects allocated to them. The discussions in the Special Commissions were based upon comprehensive studies prepared by the Secretariat.

At its 39th Session. the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the Law of the Sea which, inter-alia, called upon all States to safeguard the unified character of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 and to desist from taking actions which undermine the Convention or defeat its object and purpose. India cosponsored the resolution.

The Legal Sub-Committee of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space held its 23rd session in Geneva from 19 March to 6 April 1984 and considered,
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inter-alia, three major items of the agenda, namely, the legal implications of remote sensing of the earth from space with the aim of formulating draft principles, the possibility of supplementing the norms of International Law relevant to the use of nuclear power resources in outer space, and matters relating to the definition and delimitation of outer space and to the character and utilization of the geostationary orbit, including elaboration of general principles to govern the rational and equitable use of the geostationary orbit, a limited national resource.

Regarding legal implications of remote sensing of earth from space with the aim of formulating draft principles, the Sub- Committee concentrated on three outstanding draft principles, i.e. XI, XII, XV dealing with the international responsibility, access to data and dissemination of data obtained from remote sensing activities on the basis of its previous work at the 21st and 22nd Sessions and the Working Papers submitted by member States particularly, the Working Paper submitted by Brazil in 1982 as a possible basis of compromise. Although there was an intensive discussion to bridge the differences of views, the Sub- Committee did not solve the central questions involved and the text of the draft principles remain unchanged.

In regard to the use of nuclear power sources in outer space, the Sub-Committee discussed a wide range of topics relating to
(i) information concerning the use of nuclear power sources, (ii) safety measures regarding radiological protection, (iii) notification prior to re-entry, (iv) assistance to States, and
(v) State responsibility.
Regarding definition and delimitation of outer space and utilization of geostationary orbit, the Sub-Committee considered the subject on a priority basis through a Working Group especially established for the first time in compliance with General Assembly Resolution 38/80. The intensive discussion conducted under two separate aspects of the item, i.e. the question of the definition and delimitation of outer space and the question of the geostationary orbit indicated that more time is needed before differences could be resolved.

India has been a member of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), which is concerned with the development of international law, since its establishment in 1966. India is also a member of all its three Working Groups, namely,
(a) Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments;
(b) Working Group on International Contract Practices; and
(c) Working Group on New International Economic Order. The 17th Annual Session of UNCITRAL devoted most of its time in discussing the Draft Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes which was prepared by its Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments. The Commission also discussed the subjects of (1) electronics of funds transfer;
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(2) liability of operators of transport terminals;
(3) revision of the uniform customs and practices for documentary credits; and
(4) legal aspects of automatic data processing.

India attaches great importance to the work of UNCITRAL in view of its national interest in the development of its share in the world trade. India's contribution in the field of international trade law has been recognized by all the members of the Commission, particularly the developing countries.

Since India became a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, it is under an obligation to submit initial and periodic reports to the UN bodies under these two Covenants. During 1983-84 India fulfilled these reporting obligations by submitting its initial report under Civil and Political Rights Covenant and the second stage report under Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Covenant. Both these reports were considered by the respective UN bodies during the year under review.

India's initial report on observance of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was discussed by the Human Rights Committee at the UN Headquarters in New York between 29 March and 2 April 1984. The report highlights India's commitment to self-determination as well as observance of civil and political rights concerning rights to life and personal liberty, right to privacy, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, right to trade unions, right to participate in public affairs, elections and public services as well as protection and rehabilitation of destitute and unfortunate persons and prisoners without any discrimination as to race, religion, sex, place of birth, caste and equal protection of laws. The Attorney-General of India presented the report before the Human Rights Committee and also made available necessary clarifications as sought for by the members of the Committee. The Human Rights Committee unanimously commended India's efforts in preservation of democracy and civil and political rights of the individuals with particular reference to the social, economic and cultural setting of India and its people.


India's report under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights regarding Articles 10 to 12 was considered by the Sessional Working Group of Governmental Experts of the United Nations Economic and Social Council on 18 and 20 April 1984. The report provides information concerning the measures adopted by India for observance of the rights concerning protection of the family, free consent for marriage, maternity leave and social security benefits for mothers during leave, protection of children and young persons. The Report also highlighted the legislative and administrative measures adopted and the facilities available in India regarding food, clothing, housing within the framework of a developing economy and the traditional social set up in India. India's continuous endeavour to provide to everyone the right of physical and mental health and the measures undertaken in this regard have been emphasised in the report. While introducing the report it was pointed out that a Welfare
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State is the pre-eminent goal of the Constitution of India which provides inspiration to social welfare activities as an organized part of national development with a view to ensuring social and economic justice to the citizens. A programme of development through the successive Five Year Plans has been launched to translate this ideal into reality. The Indian delegation also supplied additional information concerning the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, status of women etc. The report and the replies were appreciated by the Group of Experts as a wealth of information that is reflective of India's earnest determination for the realization of economic and social justice to its citizens.

At the 39th Session of the General Assembly, the Sixth Committee considered the Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its 36th session. The second report of the Special Rapporteur, Jens Evensen (Norway), which contained a revised tentative draft of a convention on the law of the non- navigational uses of international watercourses, elicited extensive comments by both the upper and lower riparian States. However, there was no convergence of views on any point. In his statement, the Indian representative emphasized the need to conform to the drainage basin concept to protect the unity of the river along with its tributaries and other systems including the groundwater. He noted the steady erosion in the approach of the International Law Commission and opposed introducing new elements which were not already approved by international practice. He also made it clear that every State is entitled to equitable and reasonable use of waters in its own territory as a part of the exercise of its sovereign rights without veto or interference on such use or uses by other States, including the lower riparians. The Indian representative, however, mentioned that the upper riparian State should use its water in such a way that it does not cause substantial and adverse harm to others. As for the settlement of disputes in relation to the use of international rivers, he also advocated the need to exercise restraint and to resolve disputes through bilateral means freely and mutually agreed upon by the parties.

At the 39th Session of the General Assembly, although no progress was made on the question of Charter review, a working paper submitted by Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and Spain on preventive diplomacy was hailed as a useful contribution to the work of the Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organisation. The Indian representative welcomed this proposal in his statement but indicated that the problem of improving the effectiveness of the United Nations did not lie in any procedural or structural framework of the Charter. All the elements contained in the Working Paper were well known and accepted within the scheme of the Charter and the practice of the United Nations.

There was uneasiness in the Sixth Committee about the implications of the working paper submitted earlier by Nigeria, the Philippines and Romania entitled "Establishment of a commission for good offices, mediation and conciliation". In his statement,
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the Indian representative exposed a number of deficiencies both conceptually and as a matter of policy with which the proposal suffered. Several representatives, including the sponsors, were impressed by the difficulties pointed out by India. The working paper will continue to be examined by the Charter Review Committee.

In the wake of the shooting down of the Korean Airlines Civil aircraft KAL-007 over Soviet airspace on 31 August/1 September 1983, resulting in the death of 269 passengers and crew members, the Council of ICAO decided at its 110th Session on 9 December 1983 to include in the Central Programme of the Legal Committee with a high priority the item entitled "Preparation of a Draft Instrument on the Interception of Civil Aircraft". At the same time, the Council requested the Chairman of the Legal Committee to establish a Special Sub-Committee for consideration of that item, taking into account the results of the work of the Extra- ordinary Session of the ICAO Assembly in April 1984 in relation to the amendment of the Chicago Convention and to convene the Sub-Committee at Montreal from 25 September to 5 October 1984. On 10 May 1984, the 25th Session (Extra-ordinary) of the ICAO Assembly unanimously approved a proposed amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The amendment was set out in a new Article 3 bis in the form of a Protocol stipulating that States should refrain from the use of weapons against civil aircraft. This amendment had been sent to all contracting States urging them to ratify it as soon as practicable. Views of States were also solicited on the Draft Instrument on the Interception of Civil Aircraft presented by Canada.

The Chairman of the Legal Committee appointed the legal experts of 17 States,including India, to serve as members of the Legal Sub-Committee. Besides representatives of 6 States were ex officio members of the Sub-Committee. Observers from 3 contracting States, IATA and IFALPA also attended as observers.

The Sub-Committee met at Montreal from 25 September to 3 October 1984. After completion of the general discussion, the Sub-Committee considered the draft Instruments on the Interception of Civil Aircraft presented by Canada and Argentina. During the discussion which followed, it was argued that judging from the replies from States, it appears that the preparation of a draft instrument on interception of civil aircraft was not supported by States. Since December 1983 much work had been accomplished with respect to interception of civil aircraft. A well balanced amendment (Article 3 bis) had been adopted by the 25th Session (Extra-ordinary) of the Assembly, a manual concerning interception of civil aircraft had been published and positive work had been achieved by the Air Navigation Commission in reviewing the Annexes to the Chicago Convention. The Instruments presented by Canada and Argentina contained provisions unrelated to Article 3 bis, such as State responsibility and sanction, which had been rejected by the ICAO Assembly in the absence of agreement. A study should be undertaken in order to clarify the international elements involved and question should be clearly identified before their incorporation in an international convention. The Canadian and Argentine drafts generate doubts about the possibility of harmonization
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with the principles in Article 3 bis. The preparation at this stage of an international instrument might harm, jeopardize or delay the ratification of Article 3 bis and its entry into force. There is no urgent need to elaborate an instrument on interception of civil aircraft. In view of the foregoing, the Legal Sub-Committee recommended that the ICAO Council should consider (a) taking appropriate steps to encourage the ratification of Article 3 bis by contracting States; and (b) the study by appropriate bodies of ICAO of whether provisions should be developed, either in the form of amendments to the Annexes to the Chicago Convention or in some other form, concerning matters with regard to the aftermath of the landing of an intercepted civil aircraft. The representative of India stated that after completion of the review of the existing procedures by ICAO's competent organs and identification of inadequacies, a decision could be taken on the question of framing new procedures and incorporating them in a new Annex along with already existing procedures. Well formulated procedures would go a long way in preventing misuse of civil aviation. In this connection, the Manual concerning Interception of Civil Aircraft, consolidating current ICAO provision and Special Recommendations (April 1984 ed.) could provide useful guidance.

During 1984, India concluded 94 (ninety-four) treaties and agreements of which a list is given at Appendix II.

Elections to UN bodies and other International Institutions
India was elected to several UN bodies and other international organisations during the year under review. During the first regular session of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) held in May 1984 in New York, India was elected to the six UN bodies, namely, Statistical Commission; Commission on Human Settlements; Commission on Trans-national Corporations; Committee on Natural Resources; UNICEF Executive Board; and Commission on the Status of Women. During the 39th session of UN General Assembly held in September-December 1984, India was elected member of ECOSOC for a period of 3 years beginning 1 January 1985. At the same session India was re-elected member of the Governing Council of UNEP. Shri M.A. Vellodi, formerly Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, who had been a member of International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) for the last 2 years, was re-elected to the Commission for a 4-year term. Shri B.G. Deshmukh, Labour Secretary, was unanimously elected as Chairman of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation for the term 1984- 85 on 28 June 1984 in Geneva. Shri M.C. Bhandare, MP, was elected as a member of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, with an impressive majority, during the last session of the Human Rights Commission in March 1984. In January 1984 Smt. Shanti Sadiq Ali was elected to the UN Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) for another term of 4 years. The term of Shri C.P. Srivastava, Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organisation Council (IMOC) was extended for another
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period of 4 years from 1 January 1986 onwards. India was elected to the Executive Council and the Consultative Council for Postal Studies of the Universal Postal Union at the UPU Congress, in June-July 1984.

A list of major international conferences/meetings/seminars organised by Intergovernmental/non-governmental organisations, in which India participated are at Appendices III, IV and V.
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FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
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The economic crisis that has afflicted the world economy since the beginning of the 1980s continued to dominate the economic prospects of both developed and developing countries during the year under review. Some industrialised countries particularly in North America, experienced a degree of economic recovery; but the recovery is uneven and there are doubts about its durability. In any case, it has had little impact on developing countries. Unemployment has continued to rise in many industrialised countries in spite of the recovery and even in North America there are some indications that the recovery is weakening. It has led to only as small rise in the exports of most developing countries and real commodity prices have continued to stagnate at low levels while real interest rates have remained at historically high levels. The debt and development problems facing many developing countries have been left largely unresolved in this process. While the immediate danger which the debt crisis posed to the stability of the international banking system has been contained by emergency actions, the underlying causes remain unresolved and will continue to jeopardize growth in the concerned countries unless remedial action is taken. The world crisis has brought the process of development practically to a halt in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The situation in many of these countries is extremely critical. Developing countries as a whole continue to suffer from the inequitable and inefficient adjustment process aggravated by rising protectionism in industrialised countries and a failure to ensure an adequate transfer of resources for development. The impact has been particularly severe on the low-income countries due to the sharp decline in the availability of concessional finance.

The response of the international community to this continuing crisis has proved to be grossly inadequate. While the concept of interdependence has been recognisedeven at Summits of industrialised countries-there has been little coherent or coordinated international action to provide an impetus to the process of development. Unfortunately, there has been a weakening of the existing mechanisms of international cooperation for development. This has manifested itself in a growing tendency on the part of major industrialised countries to seek unilateral or bilateral solutions for their immediate problems and a systematic effort to weaken the multilateral institutions in the fields of development, finance and trade. A major instance was the disappointing experience with the Seventh IDA replenishment. The level eventually agreed upon was 9 billion dollars, which was well below the level of 16 billion originally thought necessary and even below the level of 12 billion dollars for IDA VI. There has been a suggestion to establish a
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$ 3 billion supplementary fund for IDA VII; but this suggestion has so far not been accepted. Other multilateral financial agencies such as IFAD have also encountered similar problems. The experience of UNIDO IV which took place in August 1984 was another example of the failure to grasp an important opportunity to give a fresh impetus to international economic co-operation and coming after the experience of UNCTAD VI in the previous year, it led to considerable disappointment and frustration among the developing countries. A number of agencies in the UN system such as UNESCO, UNIDO, UNCTAD and FAO have been under attack by developed countries and there are moves which could undermine the multilateral trading regime under GATT. The Group of 77, in a declaration made in June 1984 marking the 20th anniversary of the Group's estabilshment, made a strong plea for intensifying multilateral co-operation, but there has been little positive response so far to this plea. The UN Secretary General as well as others have voiced their concern over this retreat from multilateralism.

Non-Aligned and other developing countries have sought to reverse this trend and to strengthen international economic co- operation. Sustained efforts were made at the UN General Assembly to reach agreement on the launching of Global Negotiations on the basis of the two-phase approach proposed by the 7th Non-Aligned Summit. Unfortunately, these efforts did not lead to positive results. India took a number of important initiatives in pursuance of the NAM proposal for convening an International Conference on Money and Finance for Development. A high-level Group of Experts was established, comprising Algeria, India, Mexico, Tanzania and Yugoslavia for a thorough examination of the various aspects of the NAM proposal. The Group published its report in September 1984 and copies of the report were sent to the Heads of State or Government of developed as well as developing countries. The Ministerial Meetings of NAM and Group of 77 held in New York in September/October 1984 expressed their appreciation for this important initiative.

It has been our endeavour to secure the initiation of a dialogue between the North and the South on ways of improving the international monetary and financial systems with a view to preparing for the proposed International Conference on Money and Finance for Development. The former Prime Minister had addressed letters on this subject to all the participants in the London Summit of major industrialised countries and had sent her personal emissaries to the capitals of these countries to explain our approach and to stress the urgency of initiating a dialogue. The British Prime Minister, who chaired the Summit, subsequently sent a Special Envoy to New Delhi for a briefing on the deliberations at the Summit.

The response to the initiatives described above has been quite disappointing. The London Summit did not build on the moves towards an International Monetary Conference which had figured at the preceding Summit at Williamsburg but took a somewhat complacent view of the debt and development crisis and in effect affirmed the adequacy of the existing financial institutions to deal with the situation. This was due partly to the pre- occupation of the major industrialised countries with their own problems and partly
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due to a reluctance to envisage the type of structural changes which are widely believed even by many experts from developed countries-to be not only necessary but inevitable. While the participants in the Summit indicated their willingness to enter into a dialogue, they insisted that the dialogue could only be held in the existing Bretton Woods institutions.

The Commonwealth Consultative Group established by the CHOGM held in New Delhi in November 1983 submitted its report to the Meeting of Commonwealth Finance Ministers in Toronto in September 1984. The Group was not able to reach consensus on the substantive issues of monetary reform or the proposal for an International Conference but made a recommendation for holding a special meeting of the Development Committee to discuss the relevant issues. This recommendation was subsequently accepted at the annual meetings of the IMF/World Bank and special meetings of both the Development and Interim Committees are to be held in the spring of 1985.

The 39th Session of the UN General Assembly also failed to achieve any substantial results in the area of international economic co-operation. There was no consensus on the Mid-term Review and Appraisal of the International Development Strategy. Efforts to secure even a procedural resolution on the inter- linkages among monetary, financial and trade issues did not succeed and the resolution had to be voted upon, with the major industrialised countries voting against it.

It is obvious that the current economic crisis will not disappear by being ignored. Nor would the development of developing countries come about as a "trickle-down" effect of the recovery in developed countries. Conscious action is needed to tackle the crisis and to bring about fundamental changes in international economic relations. It is, therefore, essential that developing countries for their part continue in a unified manner to coordinate their policies and to formulate and press realistic proposals to intensify international economic co- operation. They are in turn entitled to expect a positive response from developed countries in an effort to establish an international economic system which supports and reinforces, rather than obstructs, their own efforts to adjust and develop. They are determined to continue to press on with their efforts to strengthen the system of multilateral co-operation and to evolve a more effective and equitable international economic order.

An important element of the New International Economic Order is greater cooperation among developing countries themselves. Intensive work continued during the year under review to promote such co-operation. A number of technical meetings were help under the Caracas Programme of Action for Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries (ECDC). The sectors covered by these meetings included trade in goods and services, financial co- operation, energy, food and agriculture and technical cooperation. The results of the meetings were reviewed by the Inter-governmental Followup and Coordination Committee (IFCC) at its meeting in Cartagena in September 1984.
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One of the initiatives taken under the Caracas Programme in which the work at the technical level has reached a fairly advanced stage is the establishment of a Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP) among developing countries. The negotiations for GSTP have already been formally launched and about 40 developing countries have so far signified their willingness to join the negotiations. In the initial stages, the progress was somewhat slow. The negotiations are being held in UNCTAD, which is a universal forum; and one of the inhibiting factors has been the negative attitude of some developed countries. During the period under review, progress was made at the techincal level on issues relating to the ground rules for the negotiations. At the IFCC meeting in Cartagena, there was recognition of the need for rapid progress in the negotiations and for further political impetus to this end.

Another important initiative in the area of ECDC is the proposal for the establishment of a Bank of Developing Countries (South Bank). A great deal of technical work has been done with regard to this proposal. However, some difficulties have been encountered at the political level largely due to the negative attitude of some major OPEC countries which have taken the stand that the functions of the proposed Bank can be more efficiently performed by existing financial institutions. Efforts are still continuing to reach a wider consensus and an "Initiative Group" has been set up to undertake further work.

Among the other elements of the Caracas Programme on which some progress has been made are the establishment of an Action Committee on Fossil Fuels and the setting up of Multi-Sectoral Information Network (MSIN) for technical co-operation among developing countries.

One of the concrete manifestations of ECDC is the agreement reached among the seven countries of South Asia to launch an Integrated Programme of Action for South Asian Regional Co- operation (SARC). After the adoption of the SARC Declaration at the meeting of the Foreign Ministers held in New Delhi in August 1983, intensive work has begun for the implementation of the agreed programmes of co-operation. The Standing Committee of Foreign Secretaries met in New Delhi at the end of February 1984 to review the Reports of the Technical Committees, which had met earlier. The Standing Committee also took a number of decisions aimed at improving the functioning of the Technical Committee.

The Foreign Ministers of the seven countries held their second meeting in Male on 10-11 July, 1984. This was preceded by the meeting of the Standing Committee of Foreign Secretaries on 7-8 July, 1984. The main tasks before the Maldives meeting were a review of progress in the implementation of the SAARC programmes and the consideration of the date and venue of the SAARC Summit. It was decided to recommend the convening of the SARC Summit in Dhaka in the last quarter of 1985. It was also agreed that the next meeting of Foreign Ministers to be held in Thimpu in May 1985 would serve as the preparatory meeting for the Summit. It was felt that considerable progress
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had been achieved in implementing the SARC programmes in a relatively short time. It was stressed that increasing emphasis should be placed on operational activities and the formulation of specific projects. To this end, the meeting accepted India's suggestion that consideration should be given to the convening of meetings at the level of Ministers in some vital areas. A number of decisions were taken aimed at improving the monitoring and coordination of SARC programmes. A specific item on the agenda was the improvement of telecommunications and airlinks among the countries of the region. The Technical Committees on Telecommunications and Transport were asked to consider proposals in this regard and submit recommendations to the Standing Committee. The Foreign Ministers also had useful discussion on the World Economic situation. The meeting expressed concern at the deteriorating economic and social conditions in developing countries and urged that the proposals put forward by the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit and the Group of 77 be actively pursued. Special mention was made of the need for increasing IDA resources and the Chairman was requested to convey the concerns of the South Asian countries to the leaders of the industrialised countries.

After the Male meeting intensive work has started at the level of the Technical Committees. Some of them have already met and efforts have been made to formulate regional projects in some sectors. A meeting of civil aviation officials and airline experts was convened at Karachi to discuss the improvement of airlinks among SARC countries. The reports of these meetings will be reviewed by the Standing Committee of Foreign Secretaries which will be held in Male in February 1985.

The implementation of the Indian Technical and Economic Co- operation (ITEC) Programme continued to be one of the major activities of the Ministry during the year under review. The financial allocation for promoting technical co-operation with other developing countries under this programme amounted to Rs. 65 million during the year. This is aside from specific individual programmes of co-operation with neighbouring countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, and from technical assistance to other developing countries rendered through the Colombo Plan, SCAAP and through the provision for technical co- operation out of the amount earmarked for India by the UNDP. Compared with the initial budgetary allocation of Rs. 0.44 million in 1964 when the ITEC Programme was launched, the present outlay signifies a tremendous increase in India's technical co- operation with developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America over the years. It is also necessary to note that the amount earmarked by India for technical co-operation with other developing countries (TCDC) goes a much longer way than the nominal monetary figure would suggest, as against comparable allocations from developed countries for assistance to developing countries.

The ITEC programme encompasses training facilities in India for nationals of other developing countries, deputation of Indian experts to those countries on short, medium and long-term assignments, feasibility studies and techno-economic surveys, consultancy services, execution of special projects and gifts of equipment. The programme has
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also been used to assist visiting dignitaries and technical level delegations from other developing countries to acquaint themselves with Indian economic and technical institutions and to give them an exposure to the strides that India has taken in various fields over the years. During 1984-85, 820 ITEC slots were earmarked for nominees from developing countries for training courses in various specialised Indian institutions. Over 80 Indian experts were deputed to those countries during the year on assignments of varying durations and disciplines. Among the major beneficiaries were Mauritius, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Yemen Arab Republic, Zimbabwe and Zambia. ITEC activities during the year under review included feasibility studies for a water works project and an agricultural project in Tanzania as well as for a railway project in Cuba. A team of educational experts visited Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia to assist in the academic fields in those countries. ITEC assistance during the year under review included gifting of electrical equipment to Fiji, artificial limbs to Burma, sports goods to Jamaica and mulberry cuttings to Colombia. Equipment was supplied to Kenya for the establishment of vocational training centre and assistance was given to hold an exposition of small scale industrial technologies in Nairobi. Technical books were presented to Tanzania and law books to Uganda and Gambia. Medicines were supplied to Ethiopia, Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. A substantial quantity of wheat was gifted to the Yemen Arab Republic and the supply of hand weaving machines (Charkhas) and fruit slicers to Sudan was processed.

India's relations with multilateral regional groupings such as the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), African Development Bank (Af. D.B.), Economic Commission of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) were further strengthened during the year under review. Two Indian economists were deputed to the Af. D.B. and substantial equipment was supplied to the ECA under the ITEC programme. An agricultural implements unit was set up in Lesotho which forms part of the overall SADCC planning for the region. India participated prominently in the SADCC Annual Consultative Meeting in Lusaka.

Indian technical assistance to Mauritius, which was finalised during the second session of the India-Mauritius Joint Commission held in 1984 envisages an estimated expenditure of Mauritian rupees 40 million. Among other programmes for assistance were the setting up of two hospitals in Mauritius, the treatment of 20 cardiac patients from Mauritius annually in India, supply of equipment to Mauritius for an industrial estate and a basic school etc. Several ITEC experts were sent to Mauritius during the year under review. The number of ITEC experts currently in Mauritius on various assignments is over 30. Co-operative projects are also under implementation in Mauritius in spheres such as sericulture, pisciculture, handicrafts and in meteorology and health services.
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Several delegations from developing countries visiting India were assisted during the year under review by the ITEC programme. These included delegations from Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mauritius, Ethiopia and Angola.

Aside from activities under the ITEC programme, the Ministry actively assisted foreign countries in the recruitment of experts in various fields from India.

The Ministry continued to make a significant contribution to India's financial system geared to exports as well as to important bodies concerned with foreign trade. This was facilitated by the Ministry's representation on the Boards of such organisations as the EXIM Bank, ECGC, FIEO, TDA, IIFT etc. as well as a number of important public sector organisations which have dealings abroad.
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POLICY PLANNING
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The Policy Planning and Review Division of the Ministry was expanded and strengthened. It consists of a corps of foreign service and research cadre officers with supporting staff and facilities including a modern library. The Division continued to function under the overall guidance of the Foreign Secretary and the supervision of an Additional Secretary.

During the year under review, the Policy Planning and Review Division prepared a number of policy papers and background notes on various topics relating to the external relations of India. The Division interacted with other Divisions in the Ministry as well as with other Ministries and Departments in order to impart multiple perspectives to the studies. As in the past, several such studies were circulated to Missions abroad and Territorial Divisions of the Ministry as well as to other concerned departments and agencies of the Government.

A Conference of South Asian Heads of Missions was held in New Delhi from 2 to 5 April 1984. Heads of Missions from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka participated in the Conference. The Conference, which was inaugurated by the then Minister of State, Shri A.A. Rahim, was presided over by the Foreign Secretary. Senior officers of Ministry of External Affairs and other Ministries participated in the discussions. The Foreign Minister addressed the concluding session of the Conference. This was the second Conference of Heads of Missions from the South Asian region organised by the Ministry of External Affairs, the first having taken place in August 1983. Such periodic conferences are part of the continuing process of in-depth internal discussions and assessment of the evolving situation in our neighbourhood. Deliberations of such conferences constitute a valuable input for policy formulation by the Government.

The Division also continued to maintain contact with Area Studies Centres of various universities where scholars are involved in research and study of international affairs. The officers of the Division took part in various seminars relating to India's foreign policy as well as international affairs. Particular mention may be made of the Seminar on Indo-Pak relations organised by the Indian Centre for Regional Affairs, New Delhi, in April 1984; a Seminar Meeting of the Task Force on the Indian Ocean organised by the Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, New Delhi, in November 1984; the Seminar on
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"Democratic India and its Impact on Regional Stability" organised by the Indian Centre for Regional Affairs in December 1984. Scholars and other experts were invited to the Ministry for discussions while visiting Indian Ambassadors were requested to hold discussions with officers of the Division.

No studies were commissioned during 1984. The two earlier studies commissioned during 1982-83 namely, one on "India's Foreign Policy: Issues and Problems during 1980s" entrusted to the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, and the other on "India's Principal Concerns in International Negotiating Issues in 1980s" undertaken by ICRIER, New Delhi, are expected to be ready shortly.

In August 1984, the Policy Planning and Review Division was reorganised and the Historical Division was revived. As in earlier years, the Historical Division coordinated the work relating to the Annual Report of the Ministry.
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EXTERNAL PUBLICITY
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During the period under review, events in Punjab posed a particular challenge for our external publicity effort, particularly in countries with large ethnic Indian populations originating from that state . National and international attention was focused on the Punjab situation and it became necessary to desseminatet correct information on a very wide scale. Hostile propaganda and misreporting had to be countered. We greatly stepped up our information activity and used new and more effective means such as video tapes. This activity is being maintained and broadened in scope to cover other aspects of national affairs. The External Publicity (XP) Division has been collaborating closely with the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in producing suitable material.

The assassination of Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi was a tragedy of great magnitude. Over 600 foreign media personnel flooded into Delhi to cover the tragic event and its aftermath, including the swearing-in of the new Government. Many stayed on for the General Elections, which also evoked world-wide attention, as did the Bhopal disaster. The External Publicity Division collaborated with the Press Information Bureau (PIB) in giving logistical support to this large influx of journalists.

The regular activities of the External Publicity Division included, in the context of India's Chairmanship of the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM), publicity for Indian initiatives within the framework of NAM. The External Publicity Division also continued to be involved in international meetings and conferences for the promotion of the New Information and Communications Order. Similarly, its work regarding coordination of activities relating to sports, arts and cultural exchanges among South Asian Regional Co-operation (SARC) countries continued.

Situation in the Punjab
In order to disseminate the correct facts to the media and the Indian community abroad, the External Publicity Division's twice daily transmissions to Missions abroad carried all significant statements made by the President and the Prime Minister and authoritative official pronouncements by the official spokesman. The Missions were also supplied video and audio tapes covering topical developments in Punjab which were made available to Indian Associations, ethnic radio and TV stations and shown in the Chancery/
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Embassy premises. Large quantities of printed material were supplied, including the White Paper in English and Gurmukhi, and specially designed pamphlets. Vigorous efforts were undertaken to activate the ethnic media abroad, which serves the Indian community, and to use it to put across correct information. In this context, our envoys made several appearances on television programmes and participated in group discussions. The Missions were also vigilant in trying to counter hostile propaganda.

While consistent efforts were made to see that the correct facts were projected in the media abroad by taking the measures listed above, it was borne in mind that our publicity efforts should cover all aspects of Indian life and culture.

Indian initiatives within the framework of NAM
In the context of India's Chairmanship of NAM, many initiatives were taken by the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, including summit level consultations at the UN, attempts to further the cause of disarmament, and efforts to resolve the situation in West Asia. A group of experts from Non- Aligned countries met several times to prepare a report on the NAM proposal for an international conference on money and finance for development. This report was sent by the late Prime Minister to Heads of State or Government of NAM and other developing countries as well as to the leaders of the developed countries. The External Publicity Division publicised these initiatives suitably both in India and abroad.

India took part both in the Conference of the Ministers of Information of NAM countries at Jakarta from 26 to 30 January 1984 and the NAM conference of Ministers of Information and Telecommunications at Cairo. These meetings helped strengthen the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP) and the Broadcasting Organisation of the Non-Aligned Countries (BONAC) and led to the reduction of tariffs for communications between NAM countries.

Some interesting meetings in the information field were held in Delhi, with the participation of the External Publicity Division. The Indian Institute of Mass Communications organised the Asia Pacific Regional Seminar on the Utilisation of Satellite Technology for Mass Communications from 10 to 12 April 1984. Participants came from several neighibouring countries. From 25 to 27 April 1984, the Press Trust of India (PTI) in co-operation with UNESCO and the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, organised a seminar on "Improving News Pool Performance". Delegates from abroad represented a number of news agencies from developing countries.
SARC activity in Sports, Arts and Culture

Two meetings of the Technical Committee on Sports, Arts and Culture were convened on 13-14 January 1984 and 7-9 January 1985 respectively. Implementation of a number
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of items in the comprehensive programme of action agreed upon at the first meeting has started. Pursuant to the recommendations of the Technical Committee, India sent a 95-member contingent to the South Asian Federation Games at Kathmandu. A Preparatory Committee meeting with SARC participation to work on the scheduled SARC Archaeological Congress took place in November 1984. The Archaeological Survey of India plans to hold a workshop on Arabic and Dravidian scripts with SARC participation in 1985. A committee of experts was set up by the Centre for Cultural Resources and Training, New Delhi, to finalise the details of projects for study of the eco-zones consisting of humid tropics of the western coast and the monsoon-fed North-Eastern Region of india which in some measure share common ecology and environment with other SARC countries. The research reports will be made available to other member countries of the SARC to enable them to have similar studies.

Publications
The following regular publications were brought out: Indian and Foreign Review, a fortnightly colour magazine and its French counterpart Courrier de I'Inde and the monthly Foreign Affairs Record. The important occasional publications included speeches by the late Prime Minister on "Islam's contribution to world culture with special reference to India," her appeal, along with five other world leaders, entitled "A common effort for peace," and her speeches during 1983 (in two parts); speeches by the former Minister for External Affairs entitled "Disarmament in the 80s" and "Reply to the Discussions on Demand for Grants for the Ministry of External Affairs," South-South Co-operation," and "Regional Studies"; the statement made by the Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri Ram Niwas Mirdha, at the 39th Session of the General Assembly; and the pamphlets entitled "The Sikhs in their Homeland India," "India's support for the Palestine's Struggle for a National Homeland" and "1984- India Goes to the Polls".

Daily Bulletin to Missions
The External Publicity Division continued to keep our Missions informed of matters of contemporary interest in India's relations with other countries as well as on important political, economic and scientific and technological developments in India through twicedaily transmissions. 26 Missions received these transmissions through the Overseas Communications Service (OCS); eight Missions in North and South America received them through satellite; 28 through PTI links with foreign news agencies; 45 Missions received bi-weekly telexes; six Missions were covered by bi-weekly press cables; and 30 Missions received cyclostyled copies of transmissions by diplomatic bag. The system is being upgraded so as to supply all Missions with daily bulletin.
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Assistance to Foreign Media
The Division continued to provide facilities for media representatives from abroad for doing their work. During the nine-month period ending 31 December 1984 about 1000 members of foreign media were catered to. The External Publicity Division worked closely with the Press Information Bureau in handling the large influx of foreign media personnel at the time of the assassination of the late Prime Minister and later developments towards the close of 1984, including the Bhopal disaster. It also handled a large number of visiting journalists who accompanied important visitors from abroad.

Audio-Visual Publicity
The Division purchased some feature and documentary films for circulation to Missions abroad. Film Weeks were organised in Mexico, Sweden and China as well as a Film Seminar in Bangladesh and a Film Festival in Jakarta. Our Missions continued to be supplied with photographs for publicity purposes. Exhibition size photographs were also sent to several Missions for holding photographic exhibitions.

Regular supply of video cassettes and audio cassettes covering topical developments and containing suitable entertainment programme on a frequency of twice to thrice per month to target Missions catering to Indian ethnic populations were organised. VCRs were also sanctioned to important Missions for appropriate use both in monitoring local coverage on India as well as the video cassettes from Delhi for placement locally abroad.

News Agencies and Feature Agencies
The Division continued to subscribe to the feature news services of news agencies and to commission special feature articles on the occasions of Republic and Independence Day for dissemination abroad. The publication of special supplements on India on national occasions were facilitated.
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CULTURAL RELATIONS
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The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) which functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of External Affairs continued to play an important role as the principal agency for promoting India's cultural relations with other nations.

During the period under review, the Council received over 100 distinguished scholars, artists, writers and intellectuals from various foreign countries which included Argentina, Bangladesh, Cuba, China, Denmark, Kenya, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Malagassy, Tanzania, Thailand, Mexico, Peru, Sweden, UK, USA, USSR and Zimbabwe. Among them were Dr. Jonas Salk, the Nobel Laureate and Philip Glass, the Composer from USA, Mr. Wu Xiaoda, Director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Prof. Ren Jiyu of the Institute of Research on World Religions of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, H.E. Judge M. Bedjoui of the International Court of Justice, Dr. Alfonso Garcia Robles, the Nobel Laureate from Mexico, Dr. Leopold Senghor from Senegal, and Prof. Hajima Nakamura, Prof. Emeritus of the University of Tokyo.

About 30 foreign performing troupes including the New York Philharmonic Orchestra led by Zubin Mehta, the Paris Opera ballet with Rudolf Nureyev, the Bolshoi Ballet, the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, Stars of the Metropolitan and La Scala Operas, the Watermill Theatre Company, the National Dance Company of Zimbabwe, Buyo and Gagaku troupes from Japan, performed in New Delhi and other major cities of India under ICCR sponsorship making the year under review an unprecedented year as far as the visits of important foreign cultural troupes are concerned.

Over 55 individual artists and scholars and forty performing delegations were sent abroad, some of the latter going for the first time to countries such as Niger, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Costa Rica. Outgoing individual artists and scholars included Shri M.F. Hussain to China, Shri Satish Alekar, Playwright, to the Nordic Theatre Festival at Oslo, Shri K.S. Srinivasan, Music Critic, to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe and Qari Mohd. Ali Khan to Kuala Lumpur to participate in the International Quran Reading. Among the performing arts troupes sent out were 45 musicians and dancers for a Festival of Himalayan Cultures which was presented in 22 cities of Europe in April/May 1984, Ustad Imrat Khan and Yamini Krishnamurti who performed in a number of places in, Greece, Padma Subramanyam who performed in Madrid
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and Vienna, Malavika Sarukai to Moscow for performance at the felicitation ceremony for the Indian Astronauts on their return from space, an Odissi troupe to 8 West-African countries, A Kuchipudi troupe to 8 East and South East Asian countries, and a Kathakali troupe to Australia and New Zealand. The important exhibitions presented or co-sponsored by the Council are : (1) In India : British Figurative Art-"The Proper Study"; Contemporary Turkish Art; Photo Korea; Budhist-Art Objects; American Porcelain;Portuguese Trade Routes to the Indies; Retrospective of Krishna Reddy's Works.(2) Abroad : Indian Arts & Crafts in Beijing; Indian Contemporary Art, Traditional Textiles, Masks & Musical Instruments at Delphi and Athens during the Indo-Greek Symposium there; Works of India's leading Cartoonists in Vienna; Madhubani Paintings in Mexico; and Indian Contemporary Art in Moscow and Vienna

The Council organised an Indo-Greek Symposium in Greece in collaboration with the European Cultural Centre there, and the First International Conference on Buddhism & National Cultures in collaboration with other National Councils. Over 350 scholars from 40 different countries participated in this conference. The Council collaborated with the Jawaharlal Nehru University in organising an International Conference on Literature in Translation.

The 1984 annual Azad Memorial Lecture was delivered by H.E. Dr. Alfonso Garcia Robles, Nobel Peace Laureate, on "Nuclear Disarmament : A Crucial Issue for the Survival of Mankind."

The Council's publications during the year included Gandhi-A Life Revisited (in Arabic, Spanish and French); a Hindi translation of Bolivar : A Continent & its Destiny by Jose Luis Salcadeo Bastardo; India and Egypt : Modern Relations Between Two Ancient Nations (Azad Memorial Lecture, 1983) by Mohammed Hassan EI-Zayyat; and Nuclear Disarmament : A Crucial Issue for the Survival of Mankind (Azad Memorial Lecture, 1984) by Alfonso Garcia Robles. The quarterly journals of the Council, namely Indian Horizons, Africa Quarterly, Rencontre Avec i'Inde (French), Papeles de la India (Spanish), Thaqafatual Hind (Arabic), and Gagananchal (Hindi) were regularly published.

The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding (administered by the ICCR) for the year 1982 was presented to Dr. Leopold Sedar Senghor, Eminent Poet and former President of Senegal, by the President of India, Giani Zail Singh, at a formal ceremony at Teen Murti House on 12 December 1984.

Under ICCR's Presentation Programme, books, art objects, musical instruments, etc., were sent to Cultural & Educational Institutions in various countries which included Denmark, Greece, Korea, China, Cuba, Bangladesh, Finland, UK and USA.

Important days celebrated by the Council included South Africa Freedom Day, UN Day, African Day, and Foreign Students Day. -81>

Orientation Courses, Summer Camps, Study Tours and Social Get- togethers were arranged by the Council, as in past years, for foreign students. A number of scholarships were awarded to foreign students to study Indian Visual and Performing Arts. Around 3000 travel concessions were issued, and information on University admission, accommodation, travel, etc., made available to many foreign students. A meeting of Foreign Students Advisers in Northern India was chaired by Smt. Margaret Alva MP, Chairman, ICCR's Foreign Students' Welfare Committee, in April 1984.

ICCR's weekly programmes of Indian music, dance, drama and films in the Saturday Evening Recital series were regularly presented in Delhi and Bangalore for the benefit of foreign students.

As part of the ICCR programme of maintaining of Chairs/Centres of Indian Studies abroad, the Council deputed Indian teachers to a number of institutions abroad.

The ICCR's Cultural Centres in Fiji, Guyana and Suriname continued to function well and expanded their activities. A Cultural Window was opened in Bonn and will be presenting regular exhibitions of Indian Fine Arts & Crafts there, as also organising Workshops, Seminars, etc., on various aspects of Indian culture.

The Council continued to oversee the activities of foreign Cultural Centres in India and during the year under review new regulations were introduced for better regulation and monitoring of these activities.
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PROTOCOL
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During 1984, Heads of Missions of the following 22 countries left India on the completion of their assignment: Japan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Nigeria, Kenya, Algeria, Portugal, Jordan, Trinidad and Tobago, Bhutan, Republic of Korea, Venezuela, Pakistan, Australia, Greece, Switzerland, Finland, China, Tanzania, German Democratic Republic (GDR), Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Somalia and Belgium.

In the same period, Heads of Missions of the following 31 countries presented their credentials to the President of India : Turkey, Ghana, Arab Republic of Egypt, Japan, Iceland, Chile, Kenya, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Bhutan, Seychelles (Resident in Mahe), Trinidad and Tobago, Portugal, Zimbabwe, Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Nigeria, Greece, Panama, Australia, Peru, Algeria, Tanzania, GDR, Finland, Switzerland, Singapore, Jordan, Iran, FRG, China and Uruguay (Resident in Tokyo).

The New Zealand Government closed its Mission in New Delhi in early 1982. Later, they decided to have concurrent accreditation. Their High Commissioner stationed at Wellington presented his credentials on 19 April 1983 to the President of India. However, the New Zealand Government have now proposed the appointment of Sir Edmund Hillary as their new High Commissioner to India with residence in India. Their Acting High Commissioner, Mr. D.F.L. Markes, arrived in India on 25 October 1984.

Ecuador opened its Mission in New Delhi in April 1984 and Dr. Adolfo Alvarez assumed charge as Charge d' Affaires, on 11 April 1984. The Government of India have accorded agreement to the appointment of Mr. Lucindo Almaide Teran as Ambassador Extra- ordinary & Plenipotentiary (designate) of the Republic of Ecuador to India, with residence in Cairo.
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PASSPORT, EMIGRATION AND CONSULAR SERVICES
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There are 21 Passport Offices under the control of the Ministry of External Affairs. These offices are spread all over India covering almost all the States. A full-fledged Passport Office at Vijayawada, an important town of Andhra Pradesh, and a Liaison Office at Trivandrum, capital of Kerala, were opened during the year under review. These offices earned a revenue of Rs. 9.05 crores through passport fees during 1984 and incurred an expenditure of Rs. 2.69 crores towards office establishment, resulting in a saving of Rs. 6.36 crores. A statement showing revenue and expenditure in respect of Passport Offices in India during the period January to December 1984 is given at Appendix VI.

Applications for fresh passports and other miscellaneous services recorded a reduction of 2 lakhs as compared to 1983 mainly due to the recession in the employment market for our workers in West Asian countries. However, there was an appreciable increase in consular work performed by this Ministry and the Missions abroad. All passport services were, generally, rendered within a reasonable time-bound framework. The passport procedures were streamlined with a view to rendering quick services. Our Missions abroad also rendered reasonably prompt and courteous consular services to Indian nationals abroad.

Over 14.41 lakh applications for issue of fresh passports were received in Passport Offices in India during 1984. The Passport Office in Bombay received the maximum number of applications followed by Tiruchirapalli, Cochin and Delhi. A statement showing the number of passport miscellaneous services applications received and the number of passports issued/miscellaneous services rendered by each Passport Office in India during the period January to December 1984 is given at Appendix VII.

A number of steps were taken with a view to improving the quality of passport services rendered. Certain essential data required for issue of passports has been computerised and the first phase of computerisation of passport activities has been completed with installation of terminals at the Regional Passport Office, Delhi, connected with the computer located at the National Informatics Centre of the Electronics Commission, Pushpa Bhawan, New Delhi. Another proposal to instal an inhouse mini computer at each of our Passport Offices with a possible link to five Regional
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Computer Centres is also presently being processed in consultation with the National Informatics Centre. It has also been decided, in principle, to introduce computerisation in our Missions in the Gulf and North America, which will start with the computerisation of their work relating to passports and consular services. Our Missions in Washington and Kuwait would become the nodal points and would be linked with other Missions in their respective regions. Computerisation in other Missions handling a large number of visa cases is also being proposed.

With a view to issuing passports in a time-bound framework and to supplementing the resources of the State Governments, who conduct security and identity verification in respect of passport applicants, it was decided to make incentive payment to meet the expenditure on deployment of additional staff by local police authorities. It was, therefore, decided that reimbursement would be made up to a maximum of Rs. 3/- per passport application verified on a clear understanding that verification reports are received within a specified time-bound framework.

Action has been initiated during the year under review to give a neater appearance to the Passport Offices, and to provide more facilities to the members of the public, who are required to wait for passports. Action in this respect has already been completed in the Regional Passport Office, Delhi, which has also resulted in greater efficiency. Efforts to bring about improvement in working conditions of other Passport Offices are being continued.

During the year under review, 715 cases of complaints regarding delay in the issue/renewal of passports were received against the Passport Offices in India. It was, however, found that the reasons for delay were generally non-compliance of formalities by the applicants or late receipt of police reports. However, immediate necessary action was taken to get these complaints investigated and passports issued to complainants, if otherwise entitled under the Passports Act.

Though the work relating to emigration clearance to intending emigrants has already been transferred to the Ministry of Labour, under whose control the Protector of Emigrants at Delhi, Bombay, Cochin, Trivandrum, Chandigarh, Calcutta were dealt with, the Protector of Emigrants at Madras, however, continues to be an official of the Regional Passport Office, Madras, who works under the administrative control of the Ministry. For emigration clearance work, he is guided by the instructions of the Ministry of Labour. In addition, all our Passport Offices continue to perform the function of determining the status of a passport applicant from emigration angle by suitably affixing their passports with stamps "Emigration check required" or "Emigration clearance not required". In this connection, it is relevant to mention that with a view to helping our intending emigrants, necessary instructions have been issued to our Passport Officers that applications for change of profession should be disposed of by the next working day.
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In June 1984, a Visa system was introduced for all Commonwealth countries. Visa Abolition Agreements with these countries were suspended. A minimum visa fee of Rs. 50/- has been fixed for Commonwealth nationals. On the basis of reciprocity, the following countries have also introduced visas for Indian nationals : (a) Yugoslavia; (b) Bulgaria; (c) Malaysia; (d) Kenya; (e) Norway; (f) Sweden; (g) Denmark; and (h) Finland. Additional staff was provided to the Missions concerned to cope with the increase in work, so that visas could be issued expeditiously.

During the period under review, 1269 cases of deportation of Indian nationals came to the notice of the Ministry. Of these, as many as 1053 were from UAE. Indian Missions/Posts abroad repatriated 286 persons, who were in distress in foreign countries, and also extended financial assistance, wherever necessary. Cases of 206 Indian nationals arrested in various countries were reported to the Government. All possible consular assistance was given to them, and where possible, their release and return to India was facilitated by the Missions concerned. 264 cases of death of foreign nationals in India were also handled.
710 cases of death of Indian nationals abroad came to the notice of the Ministry and action was initiated to claim wage dues and death compensation for the heirs of of the deceased through respective Indian Missions. The procedure of making payments of compensation through various State Governments in India, which was introduced in the previous years, is working reasonably satisfactorily.
1,23,978 documents submitted by the public for production to the foreign autboritics in connection with the employment abroad, admission to educational institutio,-,s abroad etc., were attested/authenticated by the Consular Section. The procedure authentication of documents was streamlined, so as to enable the persons concerned to get back all the documents the same day.
Efforts to further streamline the working of our Consular Sections in Missions abroad are continuing.
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ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANISATION
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Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao relinquished charge as Minister for External Affairs, on his becoming the Minister for Home Affairs on 19 July 1984. From the same date, Shri S. B. Chavan took charge as Minister without portfolio, to assist the late Prime Minister who assumed charge as the Minister for External Affairs. On 2 August 1984, on being appointed Minister for Defence, Shri S. B. Chavan relinquished charge. Shri Ram Niwas Mirdha took over as Minister of State from the same date. Shri G. Parthasarathi was appointed Chairman of the Policy Planning Committee, with the rank of Cabinet Minister, from 6 August 1984. After the General Elections 1984, the Prime Minister has retained the portfolio of External Affairs. Shri Khurshid Alam Khan took over as Minister of State on 31 December 1984, and Shri R. N. Mirdha and Shri A. A. Rahim relinquished charge as Ministers of State.

Consequent upon the voluntary retirement of Shri K. Natwar Singh, Secretary, with effect from 9 November 1984, Dr. J. S. Teja was appointed as Secretary. Shri M. Rasgotra retired on 31 January 1985, and Shri Romesh Bhandari, Secretary, took over as Foreign Secretary from 1 February 1985. Shri A. P. Venkateswaraa took over as Secretary in the Ministry from the same date. At the level of Additional Secretaries, Shri S. K. Bhutani and Shri I. S. Chadha continued as Additional Secretaries. Shri Prem Shunker assumed charge as Additional Secretary, consequent to the promotion of Dr. J. S. Teia on 16 November 1984.

To total strength of the IFS and IFS(B) Cadres both at Headquarters and in Missions/Posts abroad was 3716. This included 34 officers of the Combined Research Cadre and 31 officers in the Interpreters Cadre as also locally-recruitcd staff of 1517 in our Missions/Posts abroad. The total staff strength is given in Appendix VIII.

To project India's views abroad, safeguard its national interests and implement national policies, there are 136 Missions and Posts abroad manned by 794 diplomatic officers and 1209 non- diplomatic India-based officials, apart from locally-recruited staff.

Consequent upon the Cadre Review of the IFS, the total strength of the Cadre would be raised from 568 to 589 for 1985 to enable the IFS, which is incharge of all aspects of India's representation abroad, to shoulder its growing responsibilities. Details of the Cadre Review are given in Appendix IX.
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Missions and Posts in areas which assumed priority from the viewpoint of our national interests and international obligations were further strengthened. At the same time, action continued to be taken to streamline the staffing pattern of several Missions especially our Missions in Washington and London, by accelerating the removal of transferable items of work relating to supply work from these two Missions to offices in India.
A list detailing the number of officers who have qualified in various foreign languages is given at Appendix X.

On the instructions of the late Prime Minister, an Indian Missions Review Committee was appointed to examine the functioning of Indian Missions abroad. The Committee consisted of Shri Samar Sen as Chairman and S/Shri P.K. Kaul, Abid Hussain, K.S. Bajpai as Members and Shri J.R. Hiremath, Additional Secretary and Shri Lalit Mansingh, Joint Secretary, as Member Secretaries. The Committee has submitted its report. The recommendations of the Committee are being examined in the Ministry for further implementation.

The Ministry continued the task of review and updating of rules. Compilation of all External Affairs Instructions upto 1984 was initiated., Enhanced delegation of financial powers to Missions to enable expeditious clearance of administrative and establishment matters was undertaken.
The Foreign Service Inspectors inspected our Missions in London, Belgrade, Madrid, Warsaw, Moscow, Colombo, Male and Thimpu.
On the directive from the late Prime Minister, a Committee headed by Foreign Secretary was set up for the purpose of selecting and purchasing objects d'art and objects d'decor for display at the Embassy Residences and Chanceries.
The Ministry continued to pursue its policy of acquiring and constructing properties abroad to house Indian Missions abroad and their personnel.

During the year under review, land was acquired in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Kuala Lumpur. The Architect Selection Committee under the Chairmanship of the Foreign Secretary finalised the selection of Indian architects for 11 new projects for construction of Chanceries and/or residences in Abu Dhabi, Aden, Bangkok, Bonn, Brasilia, Doha, Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, New York and Riyadh. Project reports have already been prepared in the case of construction projects at Kuwait, New York, and Riyadh and are under consideration of the Ministry. Sanction has also been accorded for the construction of a Chancery building at Port of Spain where a local architect hag been appointed. The construction projects at Islamabad, Lusaka and Ankara are making steady progress. Construction of a Chancery and residential complex was started in Colombo in early 1984.
-88>

The projects of Chancery buildings at Cairo and Tunis were finalised during the year. Residences were also purchased at Canberra and Harare.

The Welfare Unit of the Ministry, as in previous years, looked after the general welfare of the officials serving both at Headquarters and in the Missions abroad. The Unit also provided Grants-in-aid on an ad hoc basis for recreational facilities to officers and staff at Headquarters and in the Missions abroad. Financial help was also extended to bereaved families and other deserving cases. For the unfortunate victims of civil disturbances in October/November, 1984, a Special Committee was set up and financial help was given to the affected officials of the Ministry to the maximum extent possible. The Welfare Unit also assisted the children of the officials of the Ministry in getting seats in Central Schools, Engineering and Medical Colleges. As usual, employment was provided to deserving dependents of deceased officials.

India's contribution to international organisations was Rs. 2.93 crores. Its economic and technical assistance to Third World countries amounted to Rs. 86.51 crores.

On account of inflationary tendencies, the expenditure at Headquarters has risen to Rs. 11.22 crores while the total expenditure on Missions was about Rs. 62.80 crores. Details are given in Appendices XI and XII.

The Ministry took particular care to implement the Government directive on the welfare of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe employees. A special Cell to look after their welfare continued to function smoothly. During 1984, of the 12 officers directly recruited for the Indian Foreign Service, two belonged to the Scheduled Castes and one to the Scheduled Tribe. Details are given in Appendices XIII and XIV.

The Conference Cell of this Ministry set up in June 1982 made logistical arrangements for various international conferences/delegations during the year under review. A list of such conferences is given at Appendix XV. The arrangements made by this Cell included inter alia arrangements at the venue of the meeting, covering interpretation, simultaneous translation, document distribution and arrangements for reception/seeing off of all the delegates.

The efforts made by the Conference Cell were also made available to other Ministries and resulted in cutting down expenses of those offices in the Organisation of such conferences.

In coordination with the other concerned Governmental agencies, the Ministry made arrangements, at the time of the tragic and sudden demise of the late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, for the record number of delegations and foreign dignitaries who visited India in the first week of November 1984. The Ministry operated control rooms round-the-clock at various points from 31 October till 5 November 1984
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for looking after the reception, accommodation, transportation, communications, appointments, seeing off etc. of the various dignitaries and delegations.

To enable the Ministry to discharge its increased responsibilities consequent upon India's assuming the Chairmanship of the Non-Aligned Movement, a new Division called NAM Division was created in the Ministry. The Division has been set up to maintain close liaison with the UN Division as well as the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations, New York.
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USE OF HINDI IN OFFICIAL WORK
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During the year under review, the Ministry made further advancement towards the use of Hindi in official work in accordance with the Official Languves Policy of the Government of India and in pursuance of the Official Language Act and Rules made thereunder. In the Headquarters of the Ministry as well as in the Regional Passport Offices and Missions and Posts abroad, use of Hindi was further encouraged. Efforts were made for propagation of Hindi abroad, particularly in countries which have a significant number of people of Indian origin.

To ensure the progressive use of Hindi in the Ministry, meetings of the Official Languages Implementation Committee were held wherein modalities for progress of Hindi in the Ministry were discussed. Official Languages Implementation Committees have also been constituted or are being constituted in major Passport Offices. Quarterly Progress Reports regarding progressive use of Hindi were called for and reviewed regularly from the various Sections of the Ministry and Passport Offices as also from the Indian Missions abroad.

In the meeting of the Sub-Committee of Central Hindi Committee in this Ministry held on 16 May 1984, under the Chairmanship of the Foreign Minister, it was decided that the monthly publication Foreign.Affairs Record should be published in Hindi also. The establishment of a Hindi Unit at the Permanent Mission of India, New York, was also considered. It was decided to send Hindi books to the Indian Missions/Posts abroad for the libraries of the Missions and for donating these to the Universities, Institutions or the individuals teaching or learning Hindi.

In pursuance of the discussions in the Sub-committee meeting regarding the establishment of a Hindi Unit in the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations, the OSD (Hindi) was sent with the Indian delegation to the United Nations, New York, to assist the members of delegation in case they needed assistance in Hindi. While on his way back from New York, OSD (Hindi) also inspected the working of Hindi in the High Commission of India, London,

With the publication of the Foreign Affairs Record in Hindi from August 1984, the activities of the Ministry of External Affairs would receive attention regularly and the
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various Universities and other institutions and people interested in foreign relations would get the material compiled one place.

In pursuance of the decision taken in meetings of the Official Languages Implementation Committee of this Minisstry, which are presided over by the Additional Secretary (AD), OSD (Hindi) visited the Passport Offices located at Jaipur and Lucknow to monitor the progressive use of Hindi in those offices.

A scheme was formulated earlier to apoint Hindi Officers for the propagation of Hindi Abroad, Particularly in those countries where there is a sizeable number of people of Indian origin and where Indian culture has taken root. Under this scheme, Hindi Officers have been sent to Georgetown, London and Paramaribo during the year under review. Senior Hindi Officers were earlier sent to Indian Missions located at Port Louis, Port of Spain and Suva. One Senior Hindi Translator is already working in Nepal. Efforts are also being made to provide supporting staff to these Hindi Officers to facilitate their work. An immediate outcome of the postings of Hindi Officers is that our Missions in Georgetown and Port of Spain have started bringing out Bharat Samachar. The Bharat Samachar brought out from Nepal and Suriname also carries material in Hindi.

Arrangements for teaching of Hindi exist in several countries abroad. Under the Centre of Indian Studies, the Government have appointed visiting Professors of Hindi in Havana University, Cuba; Humboldt University, German Democratic Republic; Bucharest University, Romania, and Sofia University, Bulgaria. Under the aegis of the Indian Cultural Centre, Hindi is being taught in Fiji, Guyana and Suriname. The Indian Council for Cultural Relations have sent one Hindi teacher each to Port of Spain, Georgetown and Suriname on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Culture. A part-time Hindi teacher teaches Hindi in the High Commission of India in Sri Lanka also. Hindi text-books, children's books, dictionaries, linguaphone records, cassettes etc. have been sent to Missions abroad for gifting to those who are interested in learning Hind. The Ministry have been considering requests on merit for Hindi typewriters, Hindi text- books and other Hindi teaching aid material from several other Missions. Under the Newspapers Exchange Programme, Hindi newspapers were exchanged regularly. On the occasion of the completion of the 150th year of the arrival of Indians in Mauritius, which was celebrated extensively in Mauritius, about 200 Hindi-English, English-Hindi and Hidni-Hindi dictionaries were donated to the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Mauritius through our Mission in Port Louis.

The scheme of Hindi classes for children in Missions abroad continues as before. A significant step in this direction was made when at the request of the Mission the amount of honorarium was raised from Rs. 250 to Rs. 400 P.M.

A large number of books have been sent to Colombo and Rangoon for the students appearing in examinations conducted by the Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha.
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Madras, and Rashtra Bhasha Prachar Samiti, Wardha, and Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Prayag. The scheme of equipping Indian Missions abroad with at least one Hindi typewriter each has been implemented.

Consequent upon the inspection of Missions abroad by the committee of Parliament on Official Languages, the position of Official Languages implementation has improved. As a result, sign-boards, name-plates and rubber-stamps in all of our Missions are now in bilingual form. Official Languages Implementation Committees have also been constituted in some of the Missions abroad to review the progress of Hindi in their work and to give it necessary direction. Other Missions have also been asked to constitute Official Languages Implementation Committees. Instructions have been given to issue the documents mentioned in Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, bilingually and for establishing check-points to ensure its proper implementation.

Officials posted in Indian Embassies/Missions abroad make use of Hindi. Messages from the President and the Prime Minister at the occasion of Repubic Day and Independence Day are sent in Hindi to the Missions abroad.

The Ministry of External Affairs traditionally issues all the Letters of Appointment, Letters of Credence and Letters of Recall etc. to Heads of Missions posted abroad originally in Hindi.

During the year under review, the Ministry prepared the Hindi texts of the Protocols'Agreements entered into with the Foreign Governments. Apart from this, the Hindi Section of the Ministry vetted the Hindi texts of the Protocols and Agreements prepared by various other Ministers.

Two important manuals relating to the administration of the Ministry of External affairs have been translated into Hindi and these will be published in the near future.
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APPENDIX I Meetings/Conferences held under the aegis of NAM
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Meetings/Conferences held under the aegis of Non-Aligned Movement or where India participated in its capacity as Chairman of Non- Aligned Movement
S.Name of Meeting/Conference Venue   Date 
No. 
 
(1)            (2)       (3)       (4) 
 
1. Seminar of Non-Aligned Countries 
   on training of Sports Cadres    Patiala   3 to 14 April 1984 
2. Special Plenary Meeting of 
   Non-Aligned Movement on the 
   situation in Cyprus                  New York    30 April 1984 
3. Meeting of Health Ministers of 
   Non-Aligned Countries                Geneva      9 May 1984 
4. Joint Meeting of Ministers of 
   Information and Telecommunications 
   of countries hosting redistribution 
   centres of NANAP (Non-Aligned News 
   Agencies Pool)                       Cairo       9 to 10 May 1984 
5. Third Conference of Ministers of 
   Labour of Non-Aligned countries .    Managua     10 to 12 May 1984 
6. Meeting of Non-Aligned Coordinating 
   Bureau on South African Premier's 
   visit to some West European 
   countries .  .  .  .  .  .  .        New York    6 June 1984 
7. Plenary Meeting of Non-Aligned 
   Movement to adopt the Draft 
   Statute for the Centre for Science 
   & Technology .  .  .  .  .  .   .    New York    15 June 1984 
8. Meeting of Irrigation Experts from 
   Non-Aligned and Other Developing 
   Countries           .  .  .  .  .    Pyongyang   16 to 22 June 1984 
9. Meeting of Non-Aligned Coordinating 
   Bureau on the Observance of the 40th 
   Anniversary of the United Nations .  New York    3 July 1984 
10. Meeting of Coordinating Group of 
    Non-Aligned Countries in the 
    sphere of Standardisation, 
    Metrology and Quality Control  .    Belgrade    10 to 13 July 1984 
11. Ministerial level Meeting of 
    Non-Aligned Mediterranean 
    Members    .  .  .  .  .  .  .      Valletta    10 to 11 September 
                                        (Malta)     1984 
12. Plenary Meeting of the Non- 
    Aligned Movement to Observe 
    the Day of Non-Alignment . .        New York    13 September 1984 
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13. Meeting of Non-Aligned 
    Coordinating Bureau on the 
    Observance of the 40th 
    Anniversary of the United Nations   New York    19 September 1984 
14. Meeting of Ministers and Heads 
    Of Delegation of the Non-Aligned 
    Countries to the 39th Session of 
    the General Assembly.  .  .  .  .   New York   1 to 5 October 1984 
15. Meeting of Non-Aligned Committee 
    of Eight on Palestine at 
    Ministerial level .  .  .  .  .  .  New York    3 October 1984 
16. Plenary Condolence Meeting of the 
    Non-Aligned Countries to pay 
    tributes to Shrimati Indira Gandhi  New York    5 November 1984 
17. Meeting of Non-Aligned Coordinating 
    Bureau on the situation in Central 
    America .   .   .    .    .    .    New York    19 November 1984 
18. Meeting of Non-Aligned Coordinating 
    Bureau on the Observance of the 
    40th Anniversary of the United 
    Nations   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    New York    6 December 1984 
19. Meeting of Foreign Ministers of 
    Organisation of Islamic Conference 
    (India participated as an Observer 
    in its capacity as Chairman of the 
    Non-Aligned Movement).  .  .  .  .  Sanaa       18 to 22 December 
                                                             1984 
20. Meeting of the Coordinating 
    Countries in the field of 
    Standardization, Metrology and 
    Quality Control .                   New Delhi   23 to 31 January 
                                                             1985 
21. Six Nations Summit of India, 
    Argentina, Greece, Mexico, Sweden 
    and Tanzania on Nuclear 
    Disarmament .  .  .  .  .  .  .     New Delhi   28 January 1985 
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APPENDIX II Treaties/Conventions/Agreements
Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed by India with other Countries in 1984*
Sl.   Title of Convention/       Date of       Date of         Date on 
No.   Treaty/Agreement         Signature     Ratification,      which 
                                             Accession or     entered 
                                             Acceptance     into force 
 
(1)           (2)               (3)              (4)           (5) 
 
MULTILATERAL 
 
Berne Convention, Paris Act 
 
1. Berne Convention for the 
   Protection of Literary and 
   Artistic Works of 9-9-1866, 
   as revised at Paris on 
   24-7-1971     .    .    .      ..           1-2-1984     6-5-1984 
 
European Economic Community 
 
2. Financing Agreement between 
   the Republic of India and the 
   European Economic Community- 
   Supply of Fertilizers (1983). 
   (Agreement No. NA/83-26).  .   22-8-1984        ..       22-8-1984 
 
International Bauxite Association 
 
3. Agreement establishing the 
   International Bauxite 
   Association. Done at Conakry 
   on 8-3-1974.  .  .  .  .  .        ..       5-3-1984     5-3-1984 
 
International Development 
Association 
 
4. (i) Development Credit 
   Agreement (NCDC III Project) 
   between India and the 
   International Development 
   Association. (Credit No. 
   1502 IN)             .  .      12-10-1984       ..       12-10-1984 
   (ii) Project Agreement (NCDC 
   III Project) between the 
   International Development 
   Association and the National 
   Co-operative Development 
   Corporation   .    .    .      12-10-1984       ..       12-10-1984 
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Pioneer Activities in the Sea-bed 
 
5. Agreement on the Preservation 
   of the Confidentiality of Data 
   Concerning the Application 
   Areas of the Deep Sea-bed .  . 17-12-1984        ..      17-12-1984 
6. Memorandum on the Procedure 
   for the Exchange of Coordinates 
   of Application Areas between 
   the First Group of Applicants .17-12-1984        ..      17-12-1984 
 
Restrictions on Excessively 
Injurious Weapons 
 
7. Convention on Prohibitions or 
   Restrictions on the Use of 
   Certain Conventional Weapons 
   which may be deemed to be 
   Excessively Injurious or to 
   have Indiscriminate Effects. 
   Done at Geneva on 10-10-1980 . 15-5-1981    1-3-1984     1-3-1984 
 
United Nations Development 
Programme 
 
8. Agreement between India and 
   the United Nations Development 
   Programme (UNDP) regarding 
   Project No. IND/8/015/A/01/37- 
   Demonstration Plant for 
   Production of Synthetic Fibres, 
   Sasmira, Bombay (Phase II)   .  9-1-1984        ..       9-1-1984 
9. Agreement between India and 
   the United Nations Development 
   Programme (UNDP) regarding 
   Project No. IND/82/015/A/01/01- 
   Training Support to the 
   Geological Survey of India . . 12-1-1984        ..       12-1-1984 
10. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Plogramme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No.IND/80/325/A/01/99- 
    On-the-job training for English 
    speaking officials of State 
    Trading Organisation (STO's) of 
    Asian and African countries . . 19-1-1984      ..       19-1-1984 
11. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No.IND/83/017-Fatigue 
    Laboratory for Automotive 
    Industry, Pune .              30-1-1984        ..       30-1-1984 
12. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme regarding Project 
    No. IND/83/016-Establishment 
    of a Central Institute of 
    Educational Technology 
    (INSAT for Technology)  .     21-2-1984        ..       21-2-1984 
13. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/009- 
    Process-cum-Project 
    Development Centre for Sports 
    Goods Meerut (UP)   .  .      22-2-1984        ..       22-2-1984 
-99> 
 
14. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/83/007/A/01/01- 
    Training of Engineers in Recent 
    Advances in Power Development 
    (Phase-II)           .  .     23-2-1984        ..       23-2-1984 
15. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/006- 
    Development of Low Cost Canal 
    Lining and Compaction of 
    Embankments   .  .  .  .      14-3-1984        ..       14-3-1984 
16. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/015/A/01/37- 
    Semi-conductor Devices and 
    Electronic Sub-systems for 
    Transportation    .  .  .     16-4-1984        ..       16-4-1984 
17. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/83/023/A/01/62- 
    Strengthening of the Trade and 
    Project Information System in 
    the Engineering Export 
    Promotion Council of India  . 27-4-1984        ..       27-4-1984 
18. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/014/A/01/31- 
    Transfer of Know-How through 
    Expatriate Nationals (TOKTEN) 
    India, Phase-II            .  21-5-1984        ..       21-5-1984 
19. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/016/A/01/42- 
    Feasibility Study based on 
    Demonstration Schemes for 
    Sanitary Latrines in Rural 
    India                         22-5-1984        ..       22-5-1984 
20. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) Project No. 
    IND/84/021/A/01/11-Strengthening 
    of Factory Inspection and 
    Advice Services . .  .  .  .  18-7-1984        ..       18-7-1984 
21. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) Project No. 
    IND/84/004/A/01/37-Techno- 
    Economic Study of Industrial 
    Utiliasation of Red Mud Waste 
    from Bauxite Processing in 
    Korba .  .  .  .  .  .  .     9-8-1984         ..       9-8-1984 
22. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/001/A/01/ 
    37-Performance Optimisation 
    of Petrochemical Complex at 
    Indian Petrochemicals 
    Corporation Limited, Baroda . 27-8-1984        ..       27-8-1984 
-100> 
 
23. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/013/A/01/ 
    37-Development of Micro- 
    Precision Engineering 
    Technique, HMT Ltd. . . .  .  29-8-1984        ..       29-8-1984 
24. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/011/A/01/ 
    01-Groundwater Studies in 
    Kassai and Subarnarekha 
    River Basins .  .  .  .  .    7-9-1984         ..       7-9-1984 
25. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. DP/IND/84/007/A/ 
    01/37-Assistance for 
    Production of Super Purity 
    Aluminium  .  .  .  .  .  .   10-9-1984        ..       10-9-1984 
26. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/005/A/01/ 
    37-Demonstration Unit of 
    Alumina Calciner for Energy 
    Conservation, Korba  .  .     10-9-1984        ..       10-9-1984 
27. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/83/008- 
    Pollution Control Research 
    Institute   .  .  .  .        13-11-1984       ..       13-11-1984 
28. Agreement between India and 
    the United Nations Development 
    Programme (UNDP) regarding 
    Project No. IND/84/030- 
    Microprocessor Application 
    Engineering Project      .    20-11-1984       ..       20-11-1984 
 
United Nations Industrial 
Development Organization (UNIDO) 
 
29. Agreement between the 
    Government of India and 
    the United Nations 
    Industrial Development 
    Organization regarding the 
    Arrangements for the United 
    Nations Industrial Development 
    Organization's Consultation on 
    Fertiliser Industry .  .  .   18-1-1984        ..       18-1-1984 
 
Wetlands of International 
Importance as Waterfowl Habitat 
 
30. Protocol to Amend the 
    Convention on Wetlands of 
    International Importance, 
    Especially on Waterfowl Habitat. 
    Done at Paris on 3-12-1982    3-12-1982      8-3-1984   8-6-1984 
-101> 
 
BILATERAL 
 
Algeria 
 
31. Minutes of the meeting held 
    between the Union Ministry of 
    Irrigation, Republic of India 
    and the Algerian Delegation of 
    the Ministry of Hydraulics, 
    Environment and Forest of the 
    People's Democratic Republic 
    of Algeria .  .  .  .  .  .   15-5-1984        ..       15-5-1984 
 
Bangladesh 
 
32. Exchange of Letters extending 
    the Trade Agreement between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of the People's 
    Republic of Bangladesh .  . . 27-7-1984        ..       27-7-1984 
33. Protocolon Inland Water 
    Transit and Trade.            17-9-1984                 17-9-1984 
 
Bhutan 
 
34. Agreement between the 
    Government of India and the 
    Royal Government of Bhutan on 
    Telecommunication Services .  22-10-1984       ..       22-10-1984 
 
Canada 
 
35. Agreement between the 
    Government of India and 
    Government of Canada through 
    the Canadian International 
    Development Agency for a line 
    of Credit of Canadian Dollars 
    44 million for Andhra Pradesh 
    Social Forestry Project .  .  23-3-1984        ..       23-3-1984 
36. Loan Agreement between the 
    Government of India and the 
    Government of Canada regarding 
    Chamera Hydroelectric 
    Project  .  .  .  .           3-8-1984         ..       3-8-1984 
 
China 
 
37. Trade Agreement between the 
    Government of the Republic of 
    India and the Government of 
    the People's Republic of 
    China            .     .      15-8-1984        ..       15-8-1984 
 
Czechoslovakia 
 
38. Protocol of the Eleventh 
    Meeting of the Indo- 
    Czechoslovak Joint Committee 
    for Economic, Trade and 
    Technical Co-operation        24-5-1984        ..       24-5-1984 
-102> 
 
39. Exchange of Letters between 
    India and Czechoslovakia 
    extending the contracting date 
    of the Third Agreement on 
    Economic Collaboration, dated 
    5th December, 1973  .      .  27-12-1984       ..       27-12-1984 
 
Ethiopia 
 
40. Cultural Agreement between 
    the Government of the 
    Republic of India and the 
    Provisional Military 
    Government of Socialist 
    Ethiopia .  .  .  .  .  .     9-2-1983      6-2-1984    6-2-1984 
 
Finland 
 
41. Convention between the 
    Republic of India and the 
    Republic of Finland for the 
    Avoidance of Double Taxation 
    with respect to Taxes on 
    Income and Capital .  .  .    10-6-1983        ..       18-11-1984 
 
France 
 
42. Financial Protocol between 
    the Government of the 
    Republic of India and the 
    Government of the Republic 
    of France relating to French 
    Credits and Grant meantto 
    finance the Development Plan 
    of India     .   .   .        24-2-1984        ..       24-2-1984 
43. Indo-French Protocol for Co- 
    operation in the Field of 
    Agriculture and Rural 
    Development .  . .  .  .  .   25-6-1984        ..       25-6-1984 
44. Financial Protocol between 
    the Government of the 
    Republic of India and the 
    Government of the Republic 
    of France relating to French 
    Credits meant to finance the 
    Orissa Aluminium Plant .  .   11-9-1984        ..       11-9-1984 
45. Credit Agreement between the 
    Republic of India and Banque 
    Nationale de Paris and other 
    Banks for French Francs 575 
    million.                      10-10-1984       ..       10-10-1984 
 
German Democratic Republic 
 
46. Protocol of the First Session 
    of the Inter-governmental 
    Indo-GDR Joint Committee on 
    Shipping held in Berlin and 
    Rostock from 19-25 September, 
    1984  .    .    .    .        25-9-1984        ..       25-9-1984 
 
Iran 
 
47. Agreed Minutes of the 
    Discussions between the 
    Delegations of the Republic 
    of India and the Islamic 
    Republic of Iran  .      .    3-5-1984         ..       3-5-1984 
-103> 
 
48. Exchange of Notes extending 
    the Collaboration Agreement 
    between India and Iran in 
    the Field of Nuclear Energy 
    for Peaceful Purposes of 
    25-2-1977 .  .  .  .          9-11-1984        ..       9-11-1984 
 
Italy 
 
49. Agricultural Assistance 
    Agreement between India and 
    Italy-Agricultural Development 
    Project in the States of 
    Haryana, Orissa and Madhya 
    Pradesh  .  .  .  .           8-8-1984         ..       8-8-1984 
50. Technical Assistance Agreement 
    between India and Italy- 
    Development of Temperate 
    Climate Fruit Crops in the 
    States of Jammu and Kashmir, 
    Uttar Pradesh and Himachal 
    Pradesh .  .  .  .  .  .  .   8-8-1984         ..       8-8-1984 
 
Japan 
 
51. Agreement between India and 
    Japan regarding Loan of Yen 
    34.73 billion (Thirty four 
    billion, Seven hundred and 
    thirty million).              11-5-1984        ..       11-5-1984 
52. Agreement between India and 
    Japan regarding Grant Aid for 
    1983-84 and 1984-85         . 11-5-1984        ..       11-5-1984 
53. Exchange of Notes between 
    India and Japan regarding 
    Japanes Project Aid for 
    1984-85, Yen 37.36 billion, 
    (Thirty-seven billion, three 
    hundred and sixty million) .  7-8-1984         ..       7-8-1984 
54. Exchange of Notes between the 
    Government of India and the 
    Government of Japan regarding 
    a Japanese Grant Aid of Yen 
    1.948 billion (One billion, 
    nine hundred and fortyeight 
    million) Debt-Relief, during 
    1982-83 .  .  .  .  .  .  .   23-2-1984        ..       23-2-1984 
55. Exchange of Notes between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of Japan 
    regarding a Japanese Grant 
    Aid of Yen 500 million (Five 
    hundred million) to the 
    University of Delhi for the 
    year 1984-85  .         .     12-10-1984       ..       12-10-1984 
56. Exchange of Notes between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of Japan 
    regarding a Japanese Grant 
    Aid of Yen 410 million (Four 
    hundred and ten million) for 
    development of small scale 
    fisheries-purchase of 
    equipment and machinery for 
    producing fishing nets .  .   30-11-1984       ..       30-11-1984 
-104> 
 
LIBYA 
 
57. Agreed Minutes of the Fifth 
    Session of the Indo-Libyan 
    Joint Commission .  .  .      28-5-1984        ..       28-5-1984 
 
MEXICO 
 
58. Exchange of Letters between 
    India and Mexico to extend 
    the Agreement on Cooperation 
    in the field of Science and 
    Technology signed on 
    23-7-1975   .   .   .         23-4-1984        ..       23-4-1984 
59. Exchange of Letters between 
    India and Mexico for setting 
    up an Indo-Mexican Joint 
    Commission on Economic 
    Co-operation     .            5-9-1984         ..       5-9-1984 
 
NEPAL 
 
60. Exchange of Letters between 
    India and Nepal regarding 
    upgrading of Chandra Canal .  29-10-1984       ..       29-10-1984 
61. Exchange of Letters between 
    India and Nepal regarding 
    training in various 
    institutions and industrial 
    establishments in India for 
    28 entrepreneurs and officials 
    of the Department of Industry 
    of Nepal   .   .   .   .      29-10-1984       ..       29-10-1984 
 
NORWAY 
 
62. Agreed Minutes on Economic 
    Co-operation Consultations, 
    1985-88, between India and 
    Norway  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   17-11-1984       ..       17-11-1984 
 
PAKISTAN 
 
63. Protocol on Group Tourism 
    between the Republic of India 
    and the Islamic Republic of 
    Pakistan .  .  .  .  .  .     20-5-1984        ..       20-5-1984 
 
QATAR 
 
64. Agreement between the 
    Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Government 
    of the State of Qatar on 
    Economic and Technical 
    Co-operation   .  .  .  .     19-4-1984    12-8-1984    12-8-1984 
 
SPAIN 
 
65. Indo-Spanish Joint Statement 
    on Tourism        .           1-6-1984         ..       1-6-1984 
-105> 
 
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 
 
66. Protocol of the First Meeting 
    of the Working Group on Oil 
    Industry under the Inter- 
    Governmental Indo-Soviet 
    Commission on Economic, 
    Scientific and Technical Co- 
    operations                    9-2-1984         ..       9-2-1984 
 
67. Exchange of Letters between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of the Union of 
    Soviet Socialist Republics 
    amending the Indo-Soviet 
    Agreement on Economic and 
    Technical Co-operation of 
    10-12-1980                    24-2-1984        ..       24-2-1984 
 
68. Protocol of the Fifth Session 
    of the Indo-Soviet Working 
    Group on Machine Building     27-4-1984        ..       27-4-1984 
 
69. Protocol of the Sixth Session 
    of the Inter-Governmental 
    Indo-Soviet Joint Committee 
    on Shipping                   22-5-1984        ..       22-5-1984 
 
70. Memorandum of Understanding 
    between the Representatives 
    of the Telecommunication 
    Administrations of India and 
    the Union of Soviet Socialist 
    Republic (Inter-system Co- 
    ordination of Geostationary 
    Satellite Networks)           25-5-1984        ..       25-5-1984 
 
71. Agreement between the 
    Government of India and the 
    Union of Soviet Socialist 
    Republics-Modifying the 
    Agreement on Merchant  
    Shipping                      12-4-1983        ..       31-5-1984 
 
72. Protocol of the First Meeting 
    of the Working Group on Trade 
    within the framework of the 
    Inter-Governmental Indo-Soviet 
    Commission on Economic, 
    Scientific and Technical Co- 
    operation                     10-7-1984        ..       10-7-1984 
 
73. Protocol of the Second Meeting 
    of the Working Group on Oil 
    Industry under the Indo-Soviet 
    Inter-Governmental Commission 
    on Economic, Scientific and 
    Technical Co-operation        12-9-1984        ..       12-9-1984 
 
74. Convention between the 
    Government of the Republic of 
    India and the Government of 
    the Union of Soviet Socialist 
    Republics on Protection of 
    Migratory Birds               8-10-1984        ..       8-10-1984 
 
UNITED KINGDOM 
 
75. Exchange of Notes between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of the United 
    Kingdom regarding United 
    Kingdom India BALCO Power 
    Project, Aid Arrangement, 
    1984                          20-9-1984        ..       20-9-1984 
-106> 
 
76. Exchange of Notes between 
    the Government of India and 
    the Government of the United 
    Kingdom regarding United 
    Kingdom-India Local Costs 
    Grant, 1984                   23-7-1984        ..       23-7-1984 
 
77. Exchange of Notes between the 
    Government of India and the 
    Government of the United 
    Kingdom regarding United 
    Kingdom-India Industrial 
    Credit and Investment 
    Corporation Grant, 1984       23-9-1984        ..       27-9-1984 
 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
78. First Amendatory Agreement 
    to the Project Loan and 
    Grant Agreement between India 
    and the United State of 
    America for Madhya Pradesh 
    Minor Irrigation. (AID 
    Loan No. 386-T-235)           9-3-1984         ..       9-3-1984 
 
79. Third Amendatory Agreement 
    to the Project Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Development and Management 
    Training. (AID Project No. 
    386-0487)                     9-3-1984         ..       9-3-1984 
 
80. First Amendatory Agreement to 
    the Project Grant Agreement 
    between India and the United 
    States of America for 
    Agricultural Research. (AID 
    Project No. 386-0470)         31-3-1984        ..       31-3-1984 
 
81. Second Amendatory Agreement 
    to the Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for integrated Child 
    Development Services. (AID Loan 
    No. 386-T-233, AID Project No. 
    386-0476)                     31-3-1984        ..       31-3-1984 
 
82. First Amendatory Agreement to 
    the Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Irrigation Management and 
    Training. (AID Loan No. 
    386-T-236)                    31-3-1984        ..       31-3-1984 
 
83. Amendment No. 1 to the 1978 
    Memorandum of Understanding 
    between Department of Space, 
    India and NASA, United States 
    of America                    25-4-1984        ..       31-7-1984 
 
84. First Amendatory Agreement to 
    the Project Grant Agreement 
    between India and the United 
    States of America for NCAER 
    Rural Household Survey. (AID 
    Project No. 386-0486)         19-5-1984        ..       19-5-1984 
-107> 
 
85. Third Amendatory Agreement to 
    the Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Integrated Child Development 
    Services. (AID Loan No. 
    386-T-233)                    19-5-1984        ..       19-5-1984 
 
86. First Amendatory Agreement to 
    the Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Family Planning, 
    Communications and Marketing 
    (AID Loan No. 386-Q-237-A, 
    AID Project No. 386-0485)     22-6-1984        ..       22-6-1984 
 
87. Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Hill Areas Land and 
    Water Development. (AID Loan 
    No.386-T-238, AID Project No. 
    386-0489)                     31-7-1984        ..       31-7-1984 
 
88. Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Maharashtra Minor 
    Irrigation. (AID Loan No. 
    386-T-239, AID Project No. 
    386-0490)                     31-7-1984        ..       31-7-1984 
 
89. First Amendatory Agreement 
    to the Project Loan and Grant 
    Agreement between India and 
    the United States of America 
    for Hill Areas Land and Water 
    Development. (AID Loan No. 
    386-T-238, AID Project No. 
    386-0489)                     29-9-1984        ..       29-9-1984 
 
VENEZUELA 
 
90. Cultural Agreement between 
    the Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Government 
    of the Republic of Venezuela  13-9-1984    18-12-1984   18-12-1984 
 
YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC 
 
91. Cultural Agreement between 
    the Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Government 
    of the Yemen Arab Republic    15-12-1983   23-9-1984    23-9-1984 
 
ZAIRE 
 
92. Cultural Agreement between 
    the Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Republic of 
    Zaire                         4-7-1978      6-2-1984    6-2-1984 
 
ZAMBIA 
 
93. Convention between the 
    Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Government of 
    the Republic of Zambia for 
    the Avoidance of Double 
    Taxation and the Prevention 
    of Fiscal Evasion with respect 
    to Taxes on Income            5-6-1981         ..       3-1-1984 
-108> 
 
ZIMBABWE 
 
94. Agreement on Economic and 
    Technical Co-operation between 
    the Government of the Republic 
    of India and the Government of 
    the Republic of Zimbabwe      22-5-1981    3-2-1984     3-2-1984 
-109> 
APPENDIX III Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars, etc. organised by Inter-Governmental Organisations at which Government of India was represented in 1984-85
S. No.Title of Conferences etc. Venue  Date 
 
(1)        (2)   (3)         (4) 
 
1. Meeting of the Inter 
Parliamentary Union (IPU) Geneva 1 to 7 April 1984 
 
2. Symposium on Remote Sensing China  4 to 11 April 1984 
 
3. Meeting of the Indian Scien- 
tists to discuss the possible 
programme of Indo-US collaboration 
on monsoon variability in relation 
to Ocean-atmosphere coupling  Bangalore 8 April 1984 
 
4. Meeting of the CGMW (Commission 
for Geological Map of the World) 
Sub-Commission for South & East 
Asia        Kuala Lumpur  9 to 13 April 1984 
 
5. Meeting of the Executive 
Council of the Asian Pacific 
Postal Union    Manila   11 to 17 April 1984 
 
6. 3rd Consultation on Leather 
& Leather Products Industry Innsbruck  16 to 20 April 1984 
                             (Austria) 
 
7. Seminar on the Activities of 
economic interest in the 
exploration of Namibia's human 
and natural resources  Lubijana  16 to 20 April 1984 
                                  (Yugoslavia) 
 
8. 10th Regular Session of the 
UN Commission on TNC's  New York 17 to 27 April 1984 
 
9. International Conference on 
Safety of Dams   Coimbra   23 April to 2 May 1984 
                              (Portugal) 
 
10. Meeting convened to discuss 
the Indo-US Collaborative 
Programme on Monsoon Research   New Delhi   24 April 1984 
 
11. ILO/DANIDA Tripartite 
Regional Seminar on upgrading 
of Labour Market Reporting 
Systems in Developing Countries 
in Asia     Bangkok   30 April to 4 May 1984 
 
12. 18th Session of the Industrial 
Development Board (IDB) of UNIDO Vienna  2 to 18 May 1984 
 
13. 37th Session of World Health 
Assembly          Geneva          7 to 19 May 1984 
 
14. 3rd Conference of Ministers 
of Labour of Countries of 
Non-Aligned Movement and other 
developing countries  Managua    10 to 12 May 1984 
-110> 
 
15. Joint ICAA/AOCI Asian & 
Pacific Basin Regional Conference   Seoul   12 to 19 May 1984 
 
16. Meetings of the UN Disar- 
mament Commission (UNDC)    New York   13 May to 2 June 1984 
 
17. 6th Joint Meeting for Support 
to Special Public Works Programmes. Geneva  16 to 18 May 1984 
 
18. ILO/ARPLA Inter-Country 
Symposium on Overseas 
Employment Administration   Pattya    21 to 25 May 1984 
                             (Thailand) 
 
19. Extra-ordinary Plenary 
meetings of the Council for 
Namibia       Bangkok        21 to 25 May 1984 
 
20. 12th International Congress 
of International Commission on 
Irrigation and Drainage  Collins, Colorado    21 May to 9 
                          (USA)    June 1984 
 
21. Meeting of Advisory Committee 
on Administrative and Budgetary 
Questions     Geneva, Addis  21 May to 29 June 
               Ababa, Bangkok  1984 
 
22. 226th Session of the 
Governing Body of ILO Geneva 28 May to 2 June 1984 
 
23. 52nd Meeting of the 
Executive Council of 
International Commission on 
Large Dams  Tokyo      29 May to 1 June 1984 
 
24. Meeting of the Indo-USSR 
Programme of Co-operation on 
Space Meteorology and Aeronomy 
(Theme No. 2)  New Delhi   30 May 1984 
 
25. Asian Sub-Regional Workshop 
on Statistical Development   Manila  30 May to 2 June 1984 
 
26. 36th Session of the WMO 
Executive Council   Geneva   6 to 23rd June 1984 
 
27. 70th Session of International 
Labour Conference and 227th 
Session of the Governing Body 
of ILO     Geneva 6 to 29 June 1984 
 
28. Conference of Commonwealth 
Association of Town Planners St. 
Johas New 10 to 17 June 1984 
                      foundland 
                         (Canada) 
 
29. conference of Irrigation 
Experts of Non-Aligned 
Coordinating Group in the Field 
of Food and Agriculture  Pyongyang  16 to 22 June 1984 
 
30. 19th UPU Congress Hamburg 18 June to 27 July 1984 
 
31. Workshop on Water Resources 
of Suvale Islands sponsored by 
Commonwealth Geological Liaison 
Office, London   Fiji  28 June to 9 July 1984 
 
32. Meetings of the Working 
Group of Statistical Experts Bangkok 3 to 6 July 1984 
 
33. 2nd International 
Conference on Assistance to 
Refugees in Africa (ICARA II) Geneva 9 to 11 July 1984 
-111> 
 
34. Regional Workshop on 
Intergration of Women in 
Industrial Planning and 
Development Process for 
Asian countries   Bangkok  9 to 17 July 1984 
 
35. 4th Meeting of Coordinating 
Countries of the Non-Aligned 
Movement in the Sphere of 
Standardisation, Metrology 
and Quality Control   Belgrade   10 to 13 July 1984 
 
36. Meeting of the Commonwealth 
Consultative Group on the 
Special Security Needs of Small 
States      London  18 to 20 July 1984 
 
37. Meeting of the Organising 
Committee of Indo-US Wokrship   New Delhi   19 July 1984 
 
38. 8th World Conference on 
Earthquake Engineering   San 
        Francisco     21 to 28 July 1984 
 
39. Meeting of the Ad Hoc 
Working Group of Experts on 
Southern Africa of the 
Commission on Human Rights  London  2 to 8 August 1984 
 
40. 4th General conference on 
UNIDO      Vienna       2 to 20 August 1984 
 
41. International Geological 
Congress & CGMW Plenary 
Assembly   Moscow 3 to 27 August 1984 
 
42. Conference of Arab Solidarity 
with Struggle for Liberation 
in Southern Africa    Tunis  7 to 9 August 1984 
 
43. 2nd Meeting of the National 
Review Committee to recommend 
the project proposals under 
Indo-US Collaborative 
Programme on Monsoon Research   New Delhi    11 August 1984 
 
44. African and Asian Inter- 
regional Workshop on Strategies 
for Improving the Employment 
conditions of rural Women  Arusha 
              (Tanzania) 20 to 4 2 August 1984 
 
45. 7th Session of WMO commi- 
ssion for Hydrology  Geneva   27 August to 7 September 1984 
 
46. Meeting for Finalisation 
of an Oceanographic Experi- 
ment under task 2-4 of the Indo- 
US Programme on Monsoon Meterology. Bangalore
  3 to 4 September 1984 
 
47. Meeting of ISO/TC-113 
and its Sub-Committee   Berne  3 to 14 September 1984 
 
48. 5th Technical Meeting of 
Commonwealth Association 
of Tax Administrators Western 5 to 12 September 
     Samoa          1984 
 
49. 4th Congress of Asian 
and Pacific Regional Devision 
of International Association 
for Hydraulic Research Chiang Mai 10 to 14 Sepember 
                   (Thailand)     1984 
 
50. 7th Session of the 
Governing Council of the 
ESCAP Regional Mineral 
Resources Development Centre  New Delhi  
12 to 17 September 1984 
 
51. International Conference 
on Interannual Variability 
of the Tropical Ocean and Global 
Atmosphere (TOGA)  Paris 17 to 21 September 1984 
 
52. 37th Session of WHO Regional 
Committee for South-East Asia 
Region   New Delhi     18 to 24 September  1984 
-112> 
 
53. 39th Session of the UN 
General Assembly New York 18 September to 19 December 1984 
 
54. 24th Session of the Joint 
Maritime Commission  Geneva  19 to 29 September 1984 
 
55. Global Preparatory Meeting 
for 1st Consultation on 
Building Materials Industry  Vienna   
24 to 28 September  1984 
 
56. 4th Asian and Pacific 
Regional Seminar on National 
and International Labour 
Standards Manila   24 September to 5 October 1984 
 
57. WMO Technical Conference 
on Instruments and Cost-effective 
Meteorological Observatories 
(TECEMO)  Netherlands   27 to 28 September 1984 
 
58. Seminar in Industrial Safety 
and Health (under Colombo Plan)Japan 
 30 September to 12   November 1984 
 
59. (i) 7th International 
confernece of Legal Metrology 
(ii) 20th Meeting of the 
International Committee of 
Legal Metrology   Helsinki 1 to 5 October 1984 
 
60. Meeting of Heads of 
Technology Transfer Registries  Beijing  
 8 to 12 October 1984 
 
61. 11th Session of the Textile 
committee of ILO  Geneva   10 to 18 October 1984 
 
62. Workshop on Commercialization 
of Research Results  Bangkok    15 to 19 October 1984 
 
63. 29th Session of the  
International Lead and Zinc 
Study Group  Geneva     11 to 19 October 1984 
 
64. 11th Session Of ESCAP 
Committee on Natural Resources  Bangkok 16 to 22 October 1984 
 
65. 2nd Meeting of Working 
Group of Theme 2 of ISRO- 
SCHCNE Collaborative Programme 
on Aeronomy and Space 
Meterology      Bangalore    18 October 1984 
 
66. ILO/ARPLA Seminar on 
Training of Trainers in 
Labour Administration    Bangkok   22 October to 16 
 November 1984 
 
67. Annual Meetings of the 
Consultative Council for 
Postal Studies of the UPU  Berne    24 October to 2 
November 1984 
 
68. Internatioal Association 
of Seismology and Physics of 
the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) 
Regional Assembly   Hyderabad   31 October to 7 
November 1984 
 
69. 228th Session of the 
Governing Body of ILO   Geneva  1 to 16 November 1984 
 
70. International Seminar 
on Manpower Forecasting and 
Planning  Baku       2 to 11 November 1984 
(USSR) 
 
71. 8th Session of WMO 
Regional Association-II (Asia)Geneva  5 to 16 November 1984 
-113> 
 
72. Technical Committee 
Meetings on Postal Services  Thimpu 
10 to 22 November 1984 
 
73. consultation Committee 
Meeting for Energy Produc- 
tion from Agro-Industries By- 
products and Wastes Lille 
 (France)  12 to 16 November 1984 
 
74. Regional Seminar on 
Systems Analysis for Water 
Resources Development  Bangkok 
  12 to 28 November 1984 
 
75. Workshop on Mineral 
Policy for Small Scale 
Mining  New Delhi 15 to 17 November 1984 
 
76. 5th Asian Conference 
on Remote Sensing    Kathmandu 15 to 18 November 1984 
 
77. Regional Seminar on 
Remote Sensing Applicatons 
for Land Resources Management  Kuala Lumpur 
19 to 23 November  1984 
 
78. 21st Session of Permanent 
Committee of UNIDO  Vienna 19 to 23 November 1984 
 
79. International Conference 
on the Employment of the 
Mentally Handicapped   Madrid  26 to 28 November 1984 
 
80. Meeting of the Policy 
and Coordination Advisory 
committee of the WHO's 
Special Programme of Research, 
Development and Research 
Training in Human Reproduction  Geneva  6 to 28 November 1984 
 
81. 14th Session of the 
Codex Committee on Methods 
of Analysis and Sampling  Budapest  26 To 30 November 1984 
 
82. ILO/AIOE Seminar on 
Working Conditions in 
Small Industries     Bombay    November 1984 
 
83. UN Interntional 
Seminar on the Encouragement 
of Understanding Tolerance 
and Respect in Matters relating 
to Freedom of Religion or Belief    Geneva 
 3 to 14 December 1984 
 
84. 1st Session of the food 
and Drink Industries Commi- 
ttee of ILO      Geneva     5 to 13 December 1984 
-114> 

APPENDIX IV Major International Conferences /Meetings/Seminars
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars organised by Non-Governmental Organizations in which Indian experts participated in their personal capacity with Government assistance in 1984-85
Sl. No.   Title of Conferences etc. Venue      Date 
(1)                   (2)   (3)            (4) 
 
1. Meeting of Regional Liaison 
Officers (RLOs) (Abroad)Geneva   15 May 1984 
 
2. ISO workshop on Information, 
Publicity and Public Relations  Geneva  16 May 1984 
 
3. ISO Development Committee (DEVCO)  Geneva 17 to
18 May 1984 
 
4. ISO Committee on Certification 
(CERTICO) Geneva        21 to 22 May  1984 
 
5. Meeting of IEC Committee of 
Action and IEC Council Geneva 3 to 6 July 1984 
 
6. Meeting of the Parliamentarians 
for World Order Athens  18 to 19 July  1984 
 
7. International NGO Meeting on 
the Question of Palestine  Geneva  20 to 
22 August 1984 
 
8. Meeting of ISO Council   Geneva  19 to 21 
 September 1984 
-115> 
APPENDIX V Miscellaneous Major International Conferences

Miscellaneous Major International Conferences etc. in 1984-85 at which Government of India was represented or in which Indian experts participated with Government of India's assistance in their personal capacity
Sl.No.   Title of Conferences etc.    Venue          Date 
(1)               (2)                  (3)            (4) 
 
1. International Conference on 
   Palaeonthropology. . . . . . . .    New York     4 to 12 April 1984 
 
2. IAU/Colloquium No. 79 "Very large 
   telescopes, their Instrumentation 
   and Programmes" . . . . . . . . .   Munich      9 to 12 April 1984 
 
3. Meeting of the Advisory Council of 
   the SIAP  . . . . . . . . . . . .   Tokyo      12 to 14 April 1984 
 
4. Meeting of the UN Advisory Board 
   on Disarmament  . . . . . . . . .   New York   30 April to 4 May 
                                                   1984 
 
5. 4th European International Ultra- 
   violet Explorer Conference . . . .  Rome       15 to 18 May 1984 
 
6. Seminar on Social and Related 
   Statistics  . . . . . . . . . . .   Seoul      22 to 28 May 1984 
 
7. International Seminar on 
   Himalayan Geology . . . . . . . .   Chongdu 
                                       (China)    5 to 26 June 1984 
 
8. 7th Session of UN Expert Group for 
   the preparation of a UN Study on 
   Conventional Disarmament . . . . .  New York  11 to 22 June 1984 
 
9. International Conference on Archi- 
   tectural and Town Building . . . .  USSR      15 June to 14 July 
                                                   1984 
 
10. 4th Session of the UN Study Group 
    for the preparation of the Second 
    Study on the Question of Nuclear 
    Weapons Free Zones . . . . . . . .  New York  25 to 29 June 1984 
 
11. XXV COSPAR Meeting . . . . . . .  . Graz 
                                        (Austria) 1 to 7 July 1984 
 
12. COSPAR Symposium No. 9 . . . . .  . Graz 
                                        (Austria) 2 to 6 July 1984 
 
13. Meeting of the Group on "Concept 
    of Security" . . . . . . . . . .    New York   23 to 27 July 
                                                 1984 
 
14. International Cloud Physics 
    Conference . . . . . . . . . . .    Tallin 
                                        (USSR)    21 to 28 August 
                                                  1984 
 
15. 18th International Cosmic Ray 
    Conference . . . . . . . . . . .    Bangalore 22 August to 
                                                  3 September 1984 
 
16. Meeting of the UN Advisory Board 
    on Disarmament  . . . . . . . . .   New York  10 to 14 Septe- 
                                                 mber 1984 
 
17. Inter-organization meeting on the 
    ICP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   Bellago 
                                        (Italy)   24 to 26 Septe- 
                                                  mber 1984 
-116> 
 
18. Seminar on the Organization of 
    Statistical Work in a Changing 
    Environment . . . . . . . . . .     Moscow    26 September to 
                                                  5 October 1984 
 
19. 3rd Asian Pacific Regional Meet 
    of the IAU . . . . . . . . . . .    Kyoto 
                                        (Japan)   30 September to 
                                                  6 October 1984 
 
20. Asia-Pacific Seminar on the Inte- 
    rnatinal Comparison Project and 
    Price Statistics. . . . . . . . .   Sapporo 
                                        (Japan)   16 to 22 Octo- 
                                                  ber 1984 
 
21. International Plant Engineering 
    Confeence . . . . . . . . . . . .   Bombay    14 to 19 Nove- 
                                                  mber 1984 
 
22. 12th World Mining Congress . . .    New Delhi 19 to 23 Nove- 
                                                  mber 1984 
 
23. International Symposium on 
    Theoretical Physics . . . . . .     Bangalore 19 November to 
                                                 1 December 1984 
 
24. International Middle Atmosphere 
    Programme (MAP) Symposium . . . .   Kyoto     26 to 30 
                                                  November 1984 
-117> 
APPENDIX VI Statement showing Revenue and Expenditure in respect of Passport
Statement showing Revenue and Expenditure in respect of Passport Offices in India during the period January to December 1984
Sl.  Station       Revenue         Expenditure 
No.                Earned          Incurred 
                   (In rupees)     (In rupees) 
 
(1)   (2)          (3)               (4) 
 
1. Ahmedabad        54,64,021         15,18,674 
 
2. Bangalore        49,25,076          9,92,071 
 
3. Bareilly         41,21,487         10,97,177 
 
4. Bhopal           10,47,300          4,46,543 
 
5. Bhubneshwar      2,79,274          2,39,852 
 
6. Bombay           1,82,62,807         45,09,923 
 
7. Calcutta         27,36,992          9,72,991 
 
8. Chandigarh       44,34,407         15,03,765 
 
9. Cochin           79,84,155         23,71,879 
 
10. Delhi           78,75,710         22,60,035 
 
11. Gauhati         2,17,286          1,97,530 
 
12. Hyderabad      44,34,608         19,96,597 
 
13. Jaipur          34,27,517         11,75,364 
 
14. Jallandhar      44,50,714         13,55,289 
 
15. Kozhikode       48,45,398         14,50,848 
 
16. Lucknow         25,91,434         10,91,558 
 
17. Madras          56,22,969         16,02,853 
 
18. Patna           11,16,976          4,25,589 
 
19. Srinagar        6,21,022          2,40,901 
 
20. Tiruchirapalli   59,53,691         14,14,581 
 
21. Vijayawada   1,73,610            71,452 
               ------------------------------- 
         TOTAL     9,05,86,454       2,69,25,472 
     ------------------------------- 
-118> 
APPENDIX VII Statement showing number of Passport/Miscellaneous services

Statement showing number of Passport/Miscellaneous services applications received and number of Passports issued/Miscellaneous services rendered during the period January to December 1984
Sl.Station   No. of        No. of      No. of         No. of 
No.         Passport      Passports   applications   Misc. 
            applications  issued      for Misc.      services 
            received                  services       rendered 
                                             received 
 
(1)   (2) (3)        (4)         (5)             (6) 
 
1. Ahmedabad  85,545     90,028      26,697          35,886 
 
2. Bangalore  74,777     67,913      17,187          17,241 
 
3. Bareilly   78,072     80,729      11,430          11,344 
 
4. Bhopal     16,865     15,642       6,151           6,127 
 
5. Bhubaneshwar 4,866      4,493         633             599 
 
6. Bombay     2,62,120   2,64,711    2,58,626        2,51,731 
 
7. Calcutta    42,255     40,746      19,045          19,380 
 
8. Chandigarh  73,455     64,260      31,035          31,229 
 
9. Cochin       1,19,523   1,20,668      96,347          83,504 
 
10. Delhi      1,11,649   1,12,268      61,897          64,736 
 
11. Gauhati    3,500      3,113         858             814 
 
12. Hyderabad   85,951     82,654      21,617          21,134 
 
13. Jaipur      59,250     56,939      11,880          10,413 
 
14. Jallandhar   65,185     55,663      26,332          27,349 
 
15. Kozhikode    63,731     65,340      31,632          31,503 
 
16. Lucknow     46,279     44,934      10,635          10,723 
 
17. Madras    87,951     86,288      37,328          31,636 
 
18. Patna       19,952     19,592       3,315           3,347 
 
19. Srinagar    9,779     10,009       1,833           1,846 
 
20. Tiruchirapalli  1,27,721   1,22,184      17,011  17,476 
 
21. Vijayawada   4,322      4,549         513   476 
   ---------------------------------------------------- 
   TOTAL 14,42,748  14,12,723    6,92,042        6,78,494 
  ---------------------------------------------------- 
-119> 
APPENDIX VIII Cadre Strength at Headquarters and 136 Missions and Posts Abroad
Cadre Strength at Headquarters and 136 Missions and Posts Abroad during 1984-85
Sl.   Cadre/Post               Total number   Posts at       Posts at 
No.                              of posts     Headquarters    Missions 
                                                              abroad 
 
(1)   (2)                           (3)            (4)           (5) 
 
IFS 
 
1. Grade I                           21              3             18 
 
2. Grade II                          28              3             25 
 
3. Grade III                         95             16             79 
 
4. Grade IV                          80             15             65 
 
5. Sr. Scale                        256             56            200 
 
6. Jr. Scale                         33              5             28 
 
7. Training Reserve (Jr. Scale)      27             26              1 
 
8. Training reserve                  10             10             .. 
 
9. Leave reserve                     19             19             .. 
 
10. Deputation reserve               20             20             .. 
 
IFS (B) 
 
1. Grade I                          124             65             59 
 
2. Grade II/III                     325            172            153 
 
3. Grade IV                         928            416            512 
 
4. Grade V/VI                       688            492            196 
 
5. Grade II of Cypher Sub Cadre     199             81            118 
 
6. Selection Grade of Stenogra- 
phers' Cadre                         51             16             35 
 
7. Grade I of SC                     96             31             65 
 
8. Grade II of SC                   526            201            325 
 
9. Grade III of SC                  120             42             78 
 
10. Combined Research Cadre 
    (including isolated Research 
     posts)                          39             34              5 
 
11. Interpreters' Cadre              31             23              8 
                            ------------------------------------------ 
                       TOTAL       3716           1746            1970 
                            ------------------------------------------ 
 
APPENDIX IX Cadre Strength of IFS
Cadre Strength of IFS, 1983-1985
Grades                    Prior to Cadre    Subsequent to Cadre Review 
                          Review (1983) 
                                                  1984           1985 
 
  (1)                            (2)               (3)            (4) 
 
Grade I                           20                20             21 
 
Grade II                          21                27             28 
 
Grade III                         81                97             95 
 
Grade IV                          68                72             80 
 
Senior Scale                      98               243            256 
 
Junior Scale                      70                33             33 
 
Training Reserves                 50                27             27 
(Junior Scale) 
 
Training/Deputation/Leave 
Reserve in all Grades**           58                49             49 
 
**Training Reserve for all grades 10 
Leave Reserve                     19 
Deputation Reserve                20 
-121> 
APPENDIX X Foreign Language Chart
Foreign Language Chart
Sl.    Language            Total Number 
No.                         of Officers 
                            Passed/ 
                            Knows the 
                           Language 
 
(1)     (2)                 (3) 
 
1.  Arabic                  83 
 
2.  Burmese                  2 
 
3.  Chinese                 44 
 
4.  Czech                   1 
 
5.  Dutch                   2 
 
6.  French                157 
 
7.  German                 78 
 
8.  Gorkhali               10 
 
9.  Hungarian               1 
 
10. Bhasa (Bahasa) Indonesia 14 
 
11. Italian                  8 
 
12. Japanese                29 
 
13. Kiswahili               14 
 
14. Malay-Bahasa            3 
 
15. Persian                31 
 
16. Polish                 3 
 
17. Portuguese            17 
 
18. Pushtu                 1 
 
19. Romanian               1 
 
20. Russian               78 
 
21. Serbe-Croatian        6 
 
22. Spanish               71 
 
23. Swedish               3 
 
24. Thai                  4 
 
25. Tibetan               3 
 
26. Turkish               3 
 
27. Vietnamese           3 
-122> 
APPENDIX XI Revenue Expenditure of the Ministry
Revenue Expenditure of the Ministry during the financial year 1984-85
Revised 
                                              Estimates 
                                              1984-85 
 
                                             (Rs. in lakhs) 
 
Headquarters                                  11,22.33 
 
Embassies/High Commissions and Missions 
abroad                                        60,44.31 
 
Supply Wings, London and Washington            2,36.15 
 
Other Items 
 
Contribution to UN, Commonwealth and other 
International Institutions                     2,83.75 
 
Central Passport and Emigration 
Organisation                                   7,17.43 
 
Other Miscellaneous Items                     42,09.37 
 
Aid 
 
Aid to Bangladesh                             2,97.00 
 
Aid to Bhutan                                 62,38.19 
 
Aid to Nepal                                 13,41.50 
 
Aid to Other Developing Countries under 
ITEC Programme                               6,50.00 
 
Aid to Sri Lanka                            1,25.00 
 
                              TOTAL       2,12,65.03 
-123> 
APPENDIX XII Expenditure on Headquarters and Indian Missions/Posts abroad


Expenditure on Headquarters and Indian Missions/Posts abroad during 1984-85

The estimated expenditure on the Headquarters of this Ministry is expected to be Rs. 1122.33 lakhs out of which Rs. 220.35 lakhs will be on publicity, Rs. 206.08 lakhs on travel expenses, Rs. 370.47 lakhs on salaries and wages of Establishmmet, Rs. 5.35 lakhs on account of subsidy to the Departmental Canteen, Rs. 15.30 lakhs on Foreign Service Training Institute, and Rs. 304.78 lakhs on other Mis-cellaneous items.

The total estimated expenditure on Indian Missions/Posts abroad including Supply Wings, Washing-ton and London, is expected to be Rs. 6280.46 lakhs. This amount comprises Rs. 2510.83 lakhs on salaries, wages and allowances including foreign allowance, Rs. 786.82 lakhs on transfers/home leave passages and on local tours, Rs. 1608.69 lakhs on rents, rates and taxes as well as on maintenance and repairs of accommodation rented abroad, Rs. 1364.12 lakhs on other Miscellaneous items of contingent expenditure. The annual average expenditure per Mission comes to Rs. 46.86 lakhs.

The estimated expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts abroad, which includes the ex-penditure on publicity abroad, works out to approximately 35.30 per cent of the total Revenue expendi-ture of this Ministry. The remaining 64.70% of the Revenue expenditure of this Ministry is being spent on various aid programmes including those to the neighbouring countries, contributions to UN and other international bodies, Passport Offices etc.
-124>
APPENDIX XIII Statement showing the total number of employes

Statement showing the total number of employes (both permanent and temporary) in the Ministry of External Affairs under various groups and representation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes therein (Position as on 31-12-84)
Group         Total    Scheduled   Percentage   Scheduled   Percentage 
            Number of  Castes       of total      Tribes     of total 
            employees               employees               employees 
 
(1)           (2)        (3)           (4)           (5)       (6) 
 
Group 'A'      648        88         13.58%           34       5.24% 
Group 'B'     1868       193         10.33%           28       1.49% 
Group 'C'     1504       196         13.03%           60       3.98% 
Group 'D' 
(excluding 
Sweepers)      461        77         16.70%            8       1.73% 
Group 'D' 
(Sweepers)      29        29           100%           ..           
 
-125> 
APPENDIX XIV Statement showing the number of appointments

Statement showing the number of appointments (both by direct recruitment and by promotion) made in various groups of posts and reserve vacancies filled by Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes during the year 1984
Group     Total       Number of         Number of    Number of vacan- 
         Number of    vacancies        Candidates    cies de-reserved 
         vacancies    reserved         appointed     due to non-avai- 
                                                     lability of res- 
                                                     erved candidates 
 
                      Sched-  Sched-  Sched-  Sched-  Sched-  Sched- 
                       uled    uled    uled    uled    uled    uled 
                      Castes   Tribes  Castes  Tribes  Castes  Tribes 
 
(1)           (2)      (3)      (4)      (5)     (6)     (7)     (8) 
 
Group 'A'     133       5        3        14      2       ..      .. 
 
Group 'B'     244      49       34        26      4       25      30 
 
Group 'C'     375      72       38        61     21       11      17 
 
Group 'D'      44       2        3        ..     ..        2       3 
(excluding 
Sweepers) 
 
NOTE:-5 Scheduled Caste and 3 Scheduled Tribe vacancies of Under Secretaries Grade I of General Cadre of IFS(B) are to be filled in through a Limited Departmental Examination which is held specially for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe officers. The said examination is to be held some time in 1985 as intimated by the Union Public Service Commission.
-126>

APPENDIX XV International Conferences/Meetings
International Conferences/Meetings hosted by the Ministries/Departments of the Government of India during 1984 for which logistical arrangements were made by the Conference Cell of the Ministry of External Affairs
Sl.     Title of Conference/Meeting   Date 
No. 
 
(1)              (2)            (3) 
 
1. Technical Committee Meeting on Sports, 
   Arts and Culture, hosted by Ministry of 
   External Affairs                       13 to 14 January 1984 
 
2. Indo-Pak Sub-Commission, hosted by 
   Ministry of External Affairs 
                                         18 to 21 January 1984 
 
3. 4th Consultation Meeting of UNIDO, hosted 
by Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers 
                                         23 to 27 January 1984 
 
4. International Exposition of Rural Devel- 
   opment, hosted by Department of Rural 
   Development                          5 to 15 February 1984 
 
5. NAM Committee on Money and Finance hosted 
   by Ministry of External Affairs 
                                         12 to 18 February 1984 
 
6. 12th International Leprosy Conference 
   hosted by Director General of Health 
   Services                             20 to 25 February 1984 
 
7. SARC Meeting of the Standing Committee of 
   the Foreign Secretaries, hosted by Ministry 
   of External Affairs                 27 to 29 February 1984 
 
8. 3rd Internal Conference of Appellate Judges 
   and Conference of Commonwealth Chief Justices, 
   hosted by Supreme Court of India        5 to 10 March 1984 
 
9. First International Conference on "Literat- 
   ure and Translation", hosted by Jawaharlal 
   Nehru University                      15 to 20 March 1984 
 
10. Indo-Chinese Bhutanese Boundary Talks hosted 
    by Ministry of External Affairs        31st March 1984 
 
11. Conference by the International Federation of 
    Agricultural Producers Organisation, hosted by 
    Ministry of Agriculture               2 to 12 May 1984 
 
12. World Environment Conference, hosted by 
    Department of Environment             5 June 1984 
 
13. Film Festival, 1984 hosted by Ministry of 
    Information and Broadcasting              7 June 1984 
 
14. Indo-African Seminar of Trade, Economic and 
    Technical Cooperation (FIEO), hosted by Ministry 
    of External Affairs                 4 to 9 September 1984 

-127>
15. Electrical Industry Seminar on the Group of 77 countries, hosted by BHEL 10 to 14 September 1984 16. Regional Mineral Resources Development centre Meeting, hosted by Department of Mines 12 to 17 September 1984 17. 5th Meeting of the CHOGM Working Group of Industry, hosted by Ministry of Industry 24 to 28 September 1984 18. 4th Meeting of Health Ministers of WHO (South East Asia), hosted by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 25 to 27 September 1984 19. International Conference on National Hazards Mitigation Practices, hosted by Ministry of Works and Housing 8 to 11 October 1984 20. International Conference on Buddhism and National Cultures hosted by ICCR 10 to 15 October 21. ICRIER (Indian Council for Research on Intern- ational Economic Relations-Indo-CCE round table conference), hosted by Ministry of External Affairs 25 to 26 October 1984 22. World Mining Conference, hosted by Department of Mines 19 to 23 November 1984 23. Preparatory Meeting for SARC Archaeological Congress, hosted by Ministry of External Affairs 19 to 20 November 1984 24. Conference of International Monetary and Financial System and Issues, hosted by Ministry of External Affairs 17 to 19 December 1984 25. Seminar on 20th Anniversary of UNCTAD, hosted by Research & Information System for the Non- Aligned and other Developing Countries 28 December 1984 -127>
 
 
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