Annual Report 1987-88
Annual Reports 1987-88 |
Contents |
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Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
The continuity and consistency of purpose that characterises
Indian Foreign Policy was once again confirmed during this the
Fortieth Anniversary Year of Independence. India continued to strive
for global peace, disarmament and development through nonalignment and
friendship with all countries, particularl y neighbours. The
enlargement of human freedom, unflinching opposition to racialism and
colonialism and the creation of equitable conditions conducive to the
peaceful and harmonious development of nations continued to guide its
conduct.
In the crusade for nuclear and general disarmament,
India along with the other five nations of the Six nation Initiative
welcomed the INF Treaty bet - ween the Soviet Union and USA as a
historic first step. Their Declaration in St o- ckholm on 22
January appreciated resumption of the dialogue and called for
verification and compliance with agreements in this field. The
Declaration call ed for immediate suspension of all nuclear
testing pending a comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. While congratulating
General Secretary Gorbachev and President Reagan, the Prime Minister,
Shri Rajiv Gandhi stressed that the goal must still remain the
destruction of all nuclear arsenals as a prelude to general and
complete disarmament. Throughout the year India continued to play a
prominent role in the UN in furthering this cause. Importance was
given to the prohibitio n of chemical weapons and a number of
resolutions sponsored by India on nuclear disarmament were adopted
by large majorities. Our concern was also registered against the
militarisation of outer space.
Minister of State Shri K. Natwar Sin gh
was elected President of the, General Conference on Disarmament and
Develop- ment under the aegis of the UN held in New York in
August/September 1987. The Final Document constituted a step towards
turning swords into ploughshares.
India sought, through
international fora and through concerted action by like-minded
countries, to end the anachronistic system of apartheid. At the
Vancouver meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government, India
played a major role in rallying opinion in favour of the continuation of
mandatory sanctions against racist South Africa. India is a member of
the Eight-member Committee of Foreign Ministers formed at the
Vancouver Summit to monitor the implementation of a programme of
action on Southern Africa concerned (iii) (iv)
with sanctions against South Africa, the rendering of assistance
by the inte rnational community to the Frontline States and other
issues. As Chairman of the Africa Fund, India was pleased to announce
that commitments had already reached a quarter billion US dollars
within the year and projects are being identified to help the
Frontline States withstand the political and economic onslaught of the
Pretoria regime.
Nearer home, the degree of cooperation among the
countries of South Asia in agreed areas has grown. India handed over
the Chairmanship of SAARC to Nepal at the Third SAARC Summit in
Kathmandu in November. Of the nearly 100 activities organised by
SAARC, India hosted 45. The Third Summit meeting took important
decisions which will have a bearing on the future course of SAARC. A
Regional Convention was signed on the Suppres- sion of Terrorism which
is awaiting ratification. An agreement establishing a Food
Security Reserve was reached which would enable member states to draw
on food stocks in an emergency. Other important decisions were, to
commission a study on environment, to promote means of enhancing
people-to-people con- tacts in SAARC countries and to undertake
studies on various aspects of plan-ning.
It was agreed to establish a
meteorological centre and an agricultural information centre in India
and Bangladesh respectively. India announced a contribution of Rs.
17.5 million for SAARC activities for 1988-89.
The Agreement to
establish peace and normalcy in Sri Lanka signed in Colombo on 29th
July 1987, provided a framework for satisfying the legitimate
aspirations of the Sri Lankan Tamils within a united Sri Lanka.
The hope of durable peace and stability in Sri Lanka now rests upon
the full implementation of this historic accord. One of the Tamil groups,
LTTE has, however, still been unwilling to make the transition from
militancy and restore the democratic process. By resorting to
large-scale killings, the LTTE attempted to prevent th e return of
normalcy and mounted attacks on the Indian Peace Keeping Force
deployed in terms of the Agreement to supervise the cease-fire and
ensure the safety and security of all communities in the North and
East. This compelled the IPKF to start operations in early October to
disarm the LTTE.
The IPKF established effective control of Jaffna
by the end of that month. Simultaneousl y a major effort was
mounted to provide relief to and rehabilitate those affected by
the fighting. Similar measures have been taken in other parts of the
Norther n and Eastern provinces. The restoration of peace and
normalcy in Sri Lanka through the full and faithful implementation of
the Agreement remains a cardina l objective of the Government of
India.
India continued its quest for better relations with
Pakistan.There was a meeting between the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv
Gandhi, and President Zia in New
(v)Delhi in February
1987, and between the Prime Ministers of India and Pakist an in
Kathmandu in November. Talks were held at Secretary level on matters
pertain- ing to maintaining tranquillity of the Indo-Pakistan
border, preventing traffic king in drugs and promoting economic
cooperation and trade. Inspite of India's genuine efforts to improve
ties, Pakistan's response left much to be desired.
The
encouragement given by it to the Punjab terrorists, the use of its
nuclear faci lity for weapons production, its overarming with
highly sophisticated weapons in- cluding AWACS, unwarranted statements
on Kashmir, and offensive military actions in the Siachen area are
some of the more glaring examples of this nega- tive attitude,
which cannot but jeopardise the process of normalisation outline d
during President Zia's visit to Delhi on Dec 17, 1985. India sought to
strengthen bilateral relations with Bangladesh. One significant step
was the visit of Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, Minister for Human
Resource Development to Bangladesh as the Special Emissary of the
Prime Minister of India in August. The problem of the Chakma refugees
in India was raised but no agreement has been reached regarding their
repatriation to Bangladesh.
The traditional ties of friendship
and cooperation between India and Nepal were nourished through
increasing contacts at various levels. A highlight was the Prime
Minister's visit to Nepal in November for the SAARC Summit. There were
also several exchange of visits at Ministerial and official levels.
India continued to render assistance to Nepal in its socioeconomic
development.
The meeting between the Prime Minister of India
and His Majesty the King of Bhutan during the SAARC meeting in
Kathmandu provided an oppor- tunity to further foster the close ties
existing between the two countries. Ind ia continued to help Bhutan in
the industrial, economic, technical and educational fields.
India announced a relief assistance of Rs. 20 lakhs to the
Government of the Maldives to recover the loss, and to repair the
damage, particularly to the international airport at Male, caused
by a tidal wave. Discussions were als o held on ways to expand
trade and industrial collaboration.
The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv
Gandhi and Shrimati Sonia Gandhi paid a visit to Burma in December at
the invitation of the Burmese Prime Minister. The meeting between the
Prime Minister and the Burmese leaders on matters of mutual interest
and benefit were marked by cordiality and is expected to raise
(vi) substantially the level of cooperation. During the
visit of the Burmese Fore ign Minister to India in September,
Instruments of Ratification of-the Maritime Boundary Agreement of 1986
were exchanged.
India has naturally taken active interest in
developments with regard to Afghanistan. The Soviet offer of withdrawal of
troops from Afghanistan within a limited time-frame and the steps
taken by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan to seek national
reconciliation have brought about a quali - tative change. in the
situation. India maintained contacts with the various Afg han
elements, including those opposed to the Government, with a view to
promoting the objective of a peaceful, nonaligned and independent
Afghanistan, free from external interference or intervention.
Hopes of a negotiated settlement of the eight-year old Iran-Iraq
war follow - ing the passage of UN Security Council Resolution 598
have not been realised. India's relations with Iran and Iraq,
however, remain warm and cordial despite the continuing conflict.
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha led a Parliamentary delegation to both
countries in October and there were significant economic and
commercial exchanges with each. India's good offices continue to be
avail-able to both the antagonists to bring about a negotiated settlement.
However, the escalation of foreign naval presences in the Gulf has
further exacerbated a n already dangerous situation. India has
consistently opposed the increase of naval presences of outside powers
in the Indian Ocean area and was disappointed over the
postponement of the proposed UN International Conference on the Indian
Ocean till 1990.
As pointed out by the Minister of State, Shri K. Natwar
Singh, during the forty-second Session of the UN General Assembly,
the heightened military presence of outside powers in the Indian Ocean
is in confli ct with the UN Declaration in 1971 on making the
Indian Ocean a Zone of Peace. India's traditionally close
relations with the Arab countries continued to grow on a basis of
mutual interest. Support for the UN proposed Inter- national
Conference on the Middle East confirmed India's commitment to the
Palestinian cause. The visit of Chairman Arafat to India and India's
participa- tion in the Algiers Session of the Palestine National
Council reflected the conti- nuing close relations between India and
the PLO. There were meaningful ex- changes with Jordan, Syria and
Egypt. India maintained very good relations with the countries of
the Maghreb region and, at the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Alg e-
rian Independence in July, was represented by a high-level delegation.
With the opening of the Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic
Republic (SADR) in Delhi, India's Ambassador to Algeria was
concurrently accredited to the SADR. With Libya and Tunisia,
possibilities of further cooperation in the industrial and economic fields
were explored, More Indian doctors, engineers and (vii) other
personnel were recruited by Libya. Trade and the presence of large
numbers of Indian workers constituted the main links between India and
the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It Was a measure of
the value of Indian Labour that, inspite of recessionary
tendencies in the Gulf, India was a ble to maintain her share in
the Gulf labour market. There has also been a growing desire of these
countries to invest in India.
Relations with African countries
continued to grow apace during the year. The visits of the Angolan
President, the Foreign Ministers of Uganda and of Ethiopia, the
Mauritian Minister of Health, the Nigerian Minister of Agri-
culture and Industries, and the Education Minister of Scychelles
all served to enhance these ties. The then Minister for External
Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari, and the Minister for Human Resource
Development Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, visited Mauritius on the occasion of
the Presidential inauguration. India, alon g with the other member
states of the AFRICA Fund, sought to create an awareness about the
Fund and solicited active support for it. A special presentation on
AFRICA Fund was made at the meeting of the Association of West
European Parliamentarians for Action against Apartheid at Strasbourgh
in May.
Indian Parliamentarians had visited a number of countries in
this connection. A Special Envoy of the Prime Minister of India
visited some countries to mobilise resources for the Africa Fund. At a
meeting of senior officials of the Fund Com - mittee held in Delhi
in August, a number of donors and UN agencies were present.
India's cordial relations with the countries of South East Asia
and the Pacific area also continued to grow and was characterised by
the exchange of useful visits. Indian Ministers visited Brunei,
Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines. Within the
framework of good political relations, important discussions were held
in the field of business and economic cooperation. A Memorandum of
Understanding between the Federation of Chambers of Com- merce and
Industries of Singapore and the Federation of the Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and an agreement on the Avoidance of
Double Taxation with Indonesia, were some of the highlights of India's
econo- mic cooperation with the ASEAN Grouping. Indian trade
exhibitions were held in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.
So far as the
three Indo-China states were concerned, efforts were directed towards
finding a negotiated political settlement in Kampuchea with the
cooperation of all the opposing parties. The main thrust in this direction
was to reduce the gap in the perceptions between the ASEAN and the
Indo- China states and to foster a dialogue between the Kampuchean
factions. A significant breakthrough in the impasse was the opening of
the dialogue between 344 EA/88--2 | |
(viii)
Prince Sihanouk and Prime Minister Hun Sen of Kampuchea. The visit
of the Minister of State Shri K. Natwar Singh, to the ASEAN
countries in April 1987, and to Indo-China in June-July 1987,
helped pave the way for a serious attempt at a negotiated settlement.
India's cooperation with the two important countries of the South
Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, continued to grow, especially in
the wake of the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi's visit to these
countries in Oct ober 1986. With Australia, there was a Joint Business
Council meeting in March 1987, a senior officials' meeting in
April and a visit by the Secretary in the Australian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Trade, in September. A Memoran- dum of
Understanding on Space Research was signed. The Joint Trade Com-
mittee between India and New Zealand had its first meeting in New
Delhi in June.
The President of Vanuatu, Ati George Sokomanu, paid
a goodwill visit in December which served to strengthen the already
friendly ties with this non- aligned country in the South Pacific.
India's traditional relations with Fiji, a country in the South
Pacific with a large number of ethnic Indians, suffered a set-back
following the milita ry coup there in May 1987. India was
constrained to express its deep concern over the overthrow of a
democratically elected Government and to condemn racial discrimination
against ethnic Indians by the military regime. Besides, I ndia has
taken the position that any future viable constitutional arrangement in
Fij i should be equitable and acceptable to all communities.
As in the past, India conveyed to the Chinese Government its
desire to renew and revitalise its relations with the People's
Republic of China.
The transit visits of Shri K. C. Pant, the then
Minister for Steel and Mines to Beijing in April 1987, and that of
Shri N. D. Tiwari, the then Minister for External Affairs in May,
helped create a better atmosphere to carry forward the process of
dialogue especially on the Sino-Indian boundary issue. it was against
this background that the Eighth Round of official-level Sino-Indian tal
ks were held in New Delhi in November 1987. The talks were serious
and positive.
Both sides felt that the border problem which had
bedevilled mutual relations had to be sorted out with patience.
During the year, there were important ex- changes between India
and China in the fields of culture, science and technolo- gy. A
Sino-Indian trade protocol which was signed covering the period 1
January 1987 to 31 March 1988, envisages a trade exchange of US $ 150
to 200 million, (ix) With Japan, there was an upswing in
relations in the economic, com- mercial, scientific and cultural
fields. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi tran- sited through
Tokyo in October 1987. The transit visit of the then Minister for
External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari to Japan and the visits of the
Japanese For eign Minister, Mr. Kuranari, and of Prince Hiro, the
son of the Crown Prince during 1987, helped bring the two countries
closer. There were increased contacts and exchanges at the level
of businessmen between the two countries.
Japan ranked as India's
third largest trading partner and the highest donor of Official
Development Assistance (ODA). In the cultural field a Japan Month was
held in the metropolitan cities of India-an exposition of Japan's
cultural life. A Festival of India is scheduled to be held in
Japan from April 1988.
Enhanced economic cooperation provided the
underpinning to India's improving relations with the Republic of
Korea. The then Minister for External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari,
paid an official visit when, besides his counterpar t, he called
on the President and the Prime Minister. There were significant ex-
changes in the economic, scientific and cultural fields between
the two countri es.
India-Republic of Korea trade talks and a
meeting of the Economic Cooperation Committee were held in New Delhi.
With the DPRK, the momentum of political exchanges was sustained.
Shri K. C. Pant, the then Minister for Steel and Mines, led a
delegation to the DPRK, as Special Envoy of the Prime Minister to
attend the Seventy-fifth Birth- day celebrations of President Kim
Il Sung. This delegation included Shri Eduard o Faleiro, the then
Minister of State for External Affairs, and Members of Parlia ment.
The DPRK Vice-President had, in February 1987, visited India for consul-
tations for the Extraordinary Ministerial Conference of
Non-aligned Countries.
India participated in the film festival of
Non-aligned countries held in Pyongy ang in October 1987. The
Prime Minister of DPRK paid an official visit to India in February
1988. With Mongolia, the main highlight of relations was the
visits of the Governor of West Bengal, Prof. Nurul Hasan, and of a
Mongolian Parliamentary delegation to each other's countries. A
cultural exchange programme for 1987--89 was signed.
India's
relations with Western Europe at the level of the European Community
and at the bilateral level with individual countries continued on an
even keel. On the political plane, there was a broad similarity of
views on the need to reach negotiated settlement of international
problems. The EEC being the largest trading bloc in the world, India
continued to pursue vigorously her (x) cooperation with the
Community. The European Community is already a signi- ficant
trading partner of India. However, India has been having a deficit in th
e balance of trade with Western Europe and steps have been
initiated to rectify the imbalance.
India had made
demarches to Western European countries regarding anti-Indian
activities being carried out from their soil and the response from (x)
cooperation with the Community. The European Community is already
a signi- ficant trading partner of India. However, India has been
having a deficit in th e balance of trade with Western Europe and
steps have been initiated to rectify the imbalance. India
had made demarches to Western European countries regarding anti-Indian
activities being carried out from their soil and the response from
meetings of India's Joint Commissions with many of the East European
countries were held, the decisions of which gave a yet greater
content to India's relatio ns with these countries.
Indo-Yugoslav relations continued to be warm and cordial. There
was close cooperation relating to developments in the nonaligned
world. Efforts are on to increase technology transfer between the
two countries and for industrial cooperation in third countries.
The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi paid a working visit to
Washington in October, after the Vancouver Summit. He had wide-ranging
discussions with President Reagan, senior US officials and important
members of the US Cong- ress. Areas of future bilateral cooperation
were identified which covered a wid e spectrum of fields and
activities. The Minister of State, Shri K.
Natwar Singh, had
visited the USA in April 1987. The US decision to sell a supercomputer
to India was a measure of the confidence that had been built up
between the two countries. However, the US decision to waive its
non-proliferation laws in favour of Pakistan despite the evidence of
that country's clandestine weapon s- oriented nuclear programme
was a cause for grave concern. This has made more ominous the scale
and sophistication of US military assistance to Pakistan .
Indo-Canadian relations maintained a steady pace during the period
under review. There were significant exchange of visits between the
two mem- bers of the Commonwealth. The two Prime Ministers met during
the Vancouver Summit in October. Issues of bilateral and international
significance were dis- cussed. The Extradition Treaty signed by
the two countries in February 1987, in New Delhi, will have a salutary
effect in combating extremism and terrorism aimed against India.
(xii) As in the past, India's relations with the countries of
Latin America and the Caribbean were marked by warmth and cordiality.
There were exchange of visits and the signing of bilateral agreements.
From India, Shri N. D. Tiwar i, the then Minister for External
Affairs, visited Trinidad and Tobago in March 1987. The then Minister
of State for External Affairs, Shri Eduardo Faleiro, pa id an
official visit to Cuba and met President Castro, the Vice-President and
the Foreign Minister. From Latin America, the Uruguayan Foreign
Minister and a Colombian Parliamentary delegation were among the more
important visitors.
India continued her support to the peace
initiative of the Contadora Group and in all international fora
reiterated the call for a peaceful resoluti | |
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on of the
crisis in Central America through dialogue and without outside inter-
ference. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi congratulated Mr. Arias
Sanchez, the President of Costa Rica, on being awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize for his contribution to the Central American Peace
efforts.
India sustained her efforts to create consensus within
the Non-Aligned Movement on major international issues and worked
closely, with the other nonaligned countries. She also emphasised the
need for the Movement to play an increasingly active role on global
economic issues,particularly those con- cerning the developing
countries. She participated in the Extraordinary Ministe rial
Meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-aligned Countries on
Latin, America and the Caribbean in Georgetown in Match 1987 and the
Ministerial Meeting of the NAM Committee of Nine on Palestine at
Harare in April 1987, both at the level of the Minister for External
Affairs. India expressed her sol i- darity with and support for
the Contadora process by participating in a delega-tion of the NAM
Committee on Central America, to Managua and Caracas in August.
India continued to play a significant role in fostering greater
coopera- tion among the less developed countries themselves and in
presenting common positions on international economic issues in the UN
and other organisations. She was an active participant in the
Extraordinary Ministerial Conference on South-South Cooperation in
Pyongyang in June. This meeting reviewed the implementation of the
existing programmes and ways to further such coopera-tion. At the
forty-second Session of the UN General Assembly, the developing
nonaligned countries took a common stand on important issues like
external debt. While consensus of the General Assembly on this issue
could not be achieved it was possible to secure consensus on the
important issue of Environ- ment which was facilitated by the
efforts of the Indian delegation. (xiii) In a climate in which
the major developed countries paid less heed to serious international
negotiations in the UN on international economic problems ,
particularly on an issue like debt relief, India's main effort was to
sustain t he fundamental positions already achieved while working
for progress in new areas.
As in the past, India actively
supported all initiatives for enhancing cooperat ion among the
developing countries and participated in the Sixth Ministerial Meet-
ing of the Group of 77 in Havana in April 1987. The financial
crisis facing the UN engaged India's serious attention. India, along
with other nonaligned countries played an active role in getting a
resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly which requested the
President of the General Assembly to keep under consideration the
possibility of recon- vening the forty-second Session of the
Assembly in 1988 to discuss the financia l situation facing the
UN.
An appreciation of India's active and positive role in the UN
was reflected in her election to several UN bodies and international
organisations. Among the more important ones were the Economic and
Social Council, the Committee for Progress and Coordination, the
Commission on Human Settle- ments and the Executive Board of UNICEF.
India's commitment to foster cooperation among the developing
countries was reflected, inter alia, in the enhanced bilateral
exchange program - mes with the developing countries of Asia,
Africa and Latin America, under the Indian Technical and Economic
Cooperation programme (ITEC). The monetary value of this assistance
now stands at over Rs. 12 crores, starting from a mode st outlay
of Rs. 4.61 crores in 1964. India's economic and technical assistance,
for instance, to the Indo-China states was channelled through
ITEC. In Afghanistan, the ITEC programme covered fields such as public
health, small- scale industry and education. with the Overseas
Indians and extended assistance to them in consultation with the host
country, in overcoming some of their problems. Facilities for Non -
Resident Indians (NRIs) to invest in India were widely disseminated by
Indian Missions abroad. The Ministry of External Affairs also
joined in sponsoring a Seminar to deal with the particular
problems of NRIs in the Gulf Region at which a number of their
suggestions have been brought to the notice of con- cerned Union and
State Government Departments for implementation. (xiv) The
External Publicity Division of the Ministry stepped up its projection
of information on India; various aspects of the country's foreign
policy and th e significant advances made in the fields of Indian
agriculture, industry and sci ence and technology. A particular
form was provided by the continuing celebrations of the Fortieth
Anniversary of India's Independence. The Division also sought to project
the correct situation in sensitive areas like the Punjab and Sri Lan
ka. This was done through regular briefings of representatives of
Indian and foreig n press and television media and the despatch of
literature through Indian Missio ns abroad. Several foreign and
Indian mediamen were taken to Jaffna to witness the relief supplies
given by India to Sri Lanka. This was repeated later to wit - ness
the surrender of arms by militant Tamil organisations.
Indian
Missions abroad engaged actively in the Fortieth Anniversary
celebrations during the year in close cooperation with the Indian
communities and friendship societies and with the encouragement of
host Governments. There has been a positive response worldwide both in
respect of these celebra- tions and in preparation for marking the
Jawaharlal Nehru Centenary in 1988-89. Dec 17, 1985
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India's
neighbours |
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CHAPTER I
INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS |
Top |
During the year 1997-88 India sought to
further develop relations of friend- ship, cooperation and mutual
understanding with its neighbours in South Asia. A major step
in this direction was the India-Sri Lanka Agreement signed by the
Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi and President Jayewardene in Colombo
on Jul 29, 1987. Although the Agreement has far-reaching benefits
for all the parties involved, the LTTE proved unwilling to make
the transition from mili- tancy to democratic means and set out to
try and wreck the Agreement. This left the Indian Peace Keeping
Force with no choice but to move against the LTTE to disarm them. But
the Agreement has already resulted in substantial gains. Th e
Provincial Councils Act and the necessary constitutional amendments
have been passed to create the Provincial Councils and devolve
substantial powers to them
. Over 3000 Tamil detenus have been
released and nearly 10,000 Sri Lankan refugees have returned to Sri
Lanka from India. Efforts are now underway to organise Provincial
Council elections so that the aspirations of the Tamils can find
democratic expression. The Agreement thus meets the concerns of
all the parties. It preserves Sri Lanka's unity and integrity;
recognises the historical habitation of the Ta mils of Sri Lanka;
provides for Tamil also as an official language of that island an d
secures for the Tamils, equal citizenship of that country. It
safeguards India' s strategic interests. It is an example of how
two Non-aligned countries can solv e major and complex problems
bilaterally, without the involvement of outside Powers.
The
Government of India continued its efforts to maintain regular contact
with the Bangladesh Government and to strengthen friendly relations
with Bangla - desh. The Minister for Human Resource Development,
Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao visited Dhaka on 17 August 1987 as the Prime
Minister's Special Emissary and held extensive discussions with
President Ershad on matters of mutual inter est.
344 EA/88--3
PG1
PG2 During this visit, the importance of
Bangladesh taking urgent action to take back the more than 49,000
Chakma refugees who had entered India from Bangladesh after April 1986
was stressed. Unfortunately, despite the matter having been raised
with Bangladesh repeatedly, the problem continues unresolved and the
refugees are still in India unwilling to return without credible
guarantees fro m the Bangladesh Government about their safety. On
the question of the sharing of common river waters, the term of the
Joint Committee of Experts engaged in studying the subject was
extended twice, first in May 1987 and then again in November 1987.
India and Nepal continued to nurture their traditional and
friendly rela- tions. The Prime Minister visited Kathmandu in November
1987 for the SAARC Summit and had wide-ranging and fruitful
discussions with His Majesty the King of Nepal. The King expressed
great satisfaction at the growing under- standing between Nepal
and India. While transiting through Delhi, Prince Gyanendra called on
the Prime Minister in May 1987. After the External Affairs Minister's
visit to Kathmandu in January 1987 and the Nepalese Foreign Minister's
visit to Delhi in June 1987 the tradition o f frequent political
consultations was further consolidated with the Nepalese Foreign
Minister transiting through Delhi twice in December 1987, in the course
of which, he called on the Prime Minister and had substantive
discussions with the Minister of State for External Affairs. The
Nepalese Minister reiterated appreciation for India's crucial
assistance in Nepal's overall socioeconomic development, and Nepal's
commitment to further our multifaceted relationship.
A fresh
fillip to the promotion of people-to-people relations and cooperatio n
among parliamentarians was given by the visit of an Indian
Parliamentary dele- gation to Nepal led by the Minister of State
for Home Affairs (May-June 1987), and a seventeen member Parliamentary
delegation beaded by the Chairman of the Rashtriya Panchayat to
India (November 1987). The Nepalese delegation called on the
President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Lo
k Sabha anti the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs. Satisfaction
was expressed over the fact that our age-old historical and
cultural ties have now been trans - lated into a unique form of
relationship where borders are free and trade barri ers are
minimal. The intensive Indo-Nepal economic collaboration received
an added dimen- sion with the signing of the Agreement on the setting
up of the Indo-Nepal Join t Commission in June 1987. This was a
major breakthrough, since the Agreement PG3 covered
virtually all aspects of our bilateral economic activity and brought
all inter-governmental bodies into the framework of the Joint
Commission, thereby enabling the effective monitoring and
coordination of benefits accrued in diffe rent sectors. A number
of meetings covering fresh ground were held in the wake of this
Agreement, including the Committee on Inundation (May 1987), the Inter-
Governmental Committee on Trade, Transit and Unauthorised Trade
(September 1987), the Karnali Committee (October 1987) and the
Secretary level Water Resources Committee (December 1987). It was also
decided that the first meetingof the Joint Commission would be convened in
Kathmandu in the near future. India's role as a leading partner in
Nepal's socioeconomic development con- tinued. Ongoing projects
included the construction of a Museum Library-cum- Documentation
Centre at the Institute of Forestry in Hetauda, a Rural Electrifi -
cation Project to electrify 76 Nepalese villages and the construction
of 214 km s.of the Western Sector of the East-West Highway adjoining
the Indo-Nepal border.
With the completion of the construction of
the Out-patient Department of the Bir Hospital with Indian aid and the
sophisticated equipment provided by India, this hospital has
become a premier institution in the field of health care in Nepal.
New projects taken up included the setting up of a small-scale industria
l estate at Rajbiraj and Indo-Nepal telecommunications links
through INSAT-IB. The traditionally close and friendly relations between
India and Bhutan were further strengthened during the year. The SAARC
Summit in Kathmandu (2 to 4 November 1987) offered an opportunity for
discussions on subjects of mutual interest at the highest level
between His Majesty the King of Bhutan and the Prime Minister, Shri
Rajiv Gandhi. The discussions were marked by a close identity of views
and understanding of matters of mutual interest, reflec ting the
relationship of trust and cooperation that prevails between the two
countri es. In the economic field cooperation flourished. The most
prestigious and by far the largest project in Bhutan to-date is
presently under execution with Ind ian technical and financial
cooperation. The 336 MW Chukha Hydro-Electric Pro- ject costing
approximately Rs. 244 crores had its first two turbines successful ly
commissioned in 1986. The third and fourth units are expected to be
operational shortly. As per the 1974 Chukha Agreement, the
Government of India is committed to the purchase of power surplus to
Bhutan's internal requirements , Accordingly, parts of West Bengal and
Assam have been receiving power from the 2 X 83 MW Units already
commissioned and the Royal Government of Bhutan has earned over Rs.
33.68 crores by selling power to India till the end of January
1988. PG4 Discussions are underway to extend substantial
financial assistance to Bhutan for the implementation of Dungsum
(Nanglam) Cement Project in Eastern Bhutan. The 1500-tonne per day
cement plant is estimated to cost over Rs. 130 crores and the
surplus cement production is to be purchased by India to meet the
demands in the North Eastern region. Discussions are also continuing on a
proposal to set up a 45 MW Hydro-Electric Project at Kurichu at an
estimated cost of over Rs. 100 crores. Economic cooperation
continues during Bhutan's Sixth Plan (1987-92). Several mutually
beneficial projects are either in an advanced stage of imple-mention or
are shortly to begin operations. The Khaling Mini Hydel Project (0.6
MW; Rs. 1.9 crores) was inaugurated by the Indian Ambassador to Bhutan
in March 1988. It has already started supplying power. The Gyetsa Mini
Hydel Project (1.5 MW; Rs. 3.84 crores) is expected to be completed by
April 1988; the Chukha Transmission Line Project (Rs. 18 crores)
by mid-1988 and the River Training Works at Dhoti Khola and Paro
(Rs. 1.28 crores) by mid-1988. The Taktichu Super Group Drop Project
(Rs. 3.7 crores) and the Paro Airfield Extension Project (over Rs. 6
crores) are expected to sta rt in early 1988. The Broadcasting
Station Project (Rs. 5.9 crores) is expected to be completed by March
1989; the Bongaingaon-Gaylegphug Transmission Line Project (Rs. 8.55
crores) by December 1989 and the Thimpu-Paro Sub-Trans- mission and
Distribution Systems Project (Rs. 11.5 crores) by 1990.
Apart from
the above, India provided experts and specialists to Bhutan in various
fields of forestry, industry, telecommunications, hydel-survey and
education etc. In education, India continues to offer
opportunities for secondary as well as higher education, for specialised
training in various fields such as defence , police, customs,
medicine and engineering etc. Apart from the Government of India
scholarships to about 40 Bhutanese students, a large number of scholar-
ships were also provided under the Colombo Plan. Fruitful
efforts were made to strengthen bilateral cultural relations, Dele-
gations from the Bhutan-Indian Friendship Associations (BIFA),
schools etc. visited India during the year. Assistance was also
provided by way of presenta-tion of books and teaching aids etc. and ad
hoc subsidies were also provided fo r the repair of dzongs and
monasteries. India continued to supply, at Bhutan's request,
certain essential commodi- ties such as wheat, rice, sugar, coal,
explosives, steel and edible oils at con trolled price.
PG5 tion of books and teaching aids etc. and ad hoc
subsidies were also provided fo r the repair of dzongs and
monasteries. India continued to supply, at Bhutan's request,
certain essential commodi- ties such as wheat, rice, sugar, coal,
explosives, steel and edible oils at con trolled price.
PG5 The Burmese Foreign Minister U Ye Goung led a
delegation to India from 12 to 17 September 1987. During the visit,
Instruments of Ratification of the Maritime Boundary Agreement,
signed in Rangoon on 23 December 1986, were exchanged. With this, the
Indo-Burma Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary has
come into force. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi and
Shrimati Sonia Gandhi paid a visit to Burma or 15 and 16 December 1987
at the invitation of the Burmese Prime Minister, U Maung Maung Kha.
During the visit, our Prime Minister had extensive meetings with U Ne
Win, Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party, President U San
Yu and also had a round of official talks with the Burmese Prime
Minister.
The talks centered around ways and means of expan- sion and
further consolidation of the existing friendly relations between the t
wo countries. A number of decisions were taken to give a fillip to
bilateral relat ions between India and Burma. The visit and
meetings were marked by great cordiality and understanding.
During the visit, the Prime Minister visited the 2,500 year old
Shwedagon Pagoda and the tomb of Bahadur Shah Zafar. The Prime
Minister also returned to the people of Burma the palm leaf
manuscripts containing the despatches of the 19th century Burmese
hero, General Mahabandoola, which were brought by the British and kept
in the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta for the last 100 years.
India has maintained a continuous dialogue with Pakistan in
order to improve relations with that country. This is in keeping with
our commitment to develop cordial, cooperative and good-neighbourly
relations with Pakistan in accordance with the letter and spirit of
the Simla Agreement. Apart from the PM-Zia Meeting (New Delhi, 21
February 1987) and the PM-Junejo Meeting (Kathmandu, 4 November 1987),
a number of impor- tant bilateral meetings were held during the year.
Pursuant to the first round of talks (New Delhi, 30 January to 4
February 1987), Shri A. S. Gonsalves, Secretary, Ministry of External
Affairs, held talks in Islamabad from 27 February to 4 March 1987 with
the Pakistan Foreign Secretary, Abdul Sattar on the defusion of border
tension. The meeting resulted in an agreement on de-escalation along
the border.
As had been decided at the Home Secretary level talks in
December 1986, committees to evolve fresh Border Ground Rules and to
deal with drug trafficking and smuggling also met. Inspite of Pakistan's
unwillingness to move towards nondiscriminatory trade relations
with India, PG6 the meetings of Sub-Commissions I and II
of the Indo-Pak Joint Commission, dealing with economic cooperation
and trade, were convened in August 1987, followed in December 1987 by
talks at the Planning Secretary and Commerce Secretary level. Talks
were also held in April 1987 to discuss other issues such as the
problems arising from the detention of fishermen and fishing vessel s
by India and Pakistan and the Tulbul Navigation Project. Our
sincere sentiments for good relations have not been reciprocated by
Pakistan, as is evident from a series of negative actions taken by it
which hav e initiated the atmosphere, adversely affecting our
relations. These include its weapons-oriented nuclear policy, its
quest for sophisticated weapons like AWACS far beyond its genuine
defence requirements, its involvement with extremist activities
directed against India, its orchestrated and concerted efforts to in
ter- nationalize the Kashmir issue, its resorting to offensive
military action in th e Siachen area, its unwillingness to have
non-discriminatory trade relations with India and its reluctance
to increase people-to-people contacts.
India took a careful note
of developments concerning the Afghan situation. During the year,
the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) initiated the
policy of national reconciliation under which it offered to share power
with the Afghan opposition both within and outside the country. Both
the Soviet Union and Afghanistan offered withdrawal of Soviet troops
from Afghanistan in a period of 12 months or less provided this was
accompanied by cessation of external interference. India,
as a country in the region, is deeply affected by the situation in
Afghanistan. Accordingly, we have initiated contacts with various
Afghan opposition elements and the countries involved in the Afghan
situation in order to help contribute towards a political solution.
Our efforts are continuing. We are in favour of a non-aligned,
independent and stable Afghanistan.
India's bilateral relations
with Afghanistan developed satisfactorily durin g the year.
President Najibullah made brief halts in New Delhi in December 1987
while transiting through India en route to Vietnam and Kampuchea and
back. This opportunity was utilised for an exchange of views on
matters of bilateral and regional importance. Earlier, Foreign
Minister Wakil had paid a visit to Delhi in February 1987. The then
External Affairs Minister, Shri N.D. Tiwari also visited Kabul in May
1987 for attending the Eighth Session of the Indo-Afghan Joint
Commission on Economic, Technical and Trade matters. PG7
India's ITEC programme in Afghanistan which is directed at benefit ing
the common man in areas such as public health, small-scale industry,
education, etc. was continued during the year under review. A
major tidal wave hit the Maldives in April 1987 causing extensive
damage to property, especially to the International Airport at Male.
In res- ponse to a message from President Gayoom to our Prime Minister
requesting relief assistance and help in surveying the damage to the
Airport, the Prime Minister announced an assistance of Rs. 20 lakhs.
Under this, 15 tonnes of bleaching powder and 48,000 doses of cholera
vaccine were rushed to the Maldives. A team from the International
Airports Authority of India also visited the Maldives from 18 to 20
April 1987 and their report has been banded over to the Government of
Maldives.
Relations with the Maldives continued to be close and
cordial. In February 1987, the Maldivian Trade Minister, Mr. Ilyas
Ibrahim visited India along with a three-member delegation to
discuss ways and means of expanding trade and industrial collaboration
with India.
The Government remains firmly committed to the removal
of the military presence of extra-regional powers from the Indian
Ocean and is concerned about developments in the region which led to a
build-up of foreign military forces. The Government was therefore
disappointed at the further postponement upto 1990, of the
deadline for convening an International Conference on the Indian Ocean
as a Zone of Peace under the aegis of the UN. SAARC experienced
considerable expansion in its activities during 1987- 88 alongside
progress in the Integrated Programme of Action in the eleven areas of
cooperation (Agriculture, Prevention of Drug Trafficking and Drug
Abuse, Health, Meteorology, Postal Services, Rural Development,
Science and Technology, Sports, Arts and Culture, Telecommunications,
Transport and Women in Development).
India handed over the
Chairmanship to Nepal at the Third SAARC Summit in Kathmandu in
November 1987, at the end of a term during which almost 100 activities
had been organised. Of these, India had hosted 45. The Summit provided
the occasion for a review of SAARC activities during 1987. The
following highlights of the Summit give an indica- tion of the
work done in these areas during the year : PG8 1. SAARC
Food Security Reserve (SFSR) Following extensive discussions at the
official level (initially under FAO auspices), the Council of
Ministers which met in New Delhi in June 1987 decided in principle to
establish a SAARC Food Security Reserve, by which member countries
could draw on food stocks in the event of an emergency. The Agreement
establishing the SFSR was signed at the Third SAARC Summit. The
Agreement is a landmark in regional cooperation. This is the first time
that countries of the region have decided to pool their resources to
help one another in an emergency. 2. Environmental Matters
At India's initiative, a seminar on disaster relief management was
held in 1987 to consider the most fruitful ways of cooperating in
this area. At the Third SAARC Summit, the leaders decided to
commission a study on the causes and consequences of natural disasters
and the protection and preservation of the environment in the context
of recurrent national disasters in the region. The Secretary-General
has been entrusted with the task of having the study conducted.
3.Terrorism The Dhaka Summit had decided that SAARC
should examine the prob- lem of terrorism as it affected the region,
with a view to cooperating in combating this scourge. Following
preliminary work at two meet- ings in Dhaka in 1986, a Group of
Experts met in New Delhi in March 1987 and succeeded in identifying
offences which are to be regarded as terroristic, and which, for
purposes of extradition, are not to be regarded as political. There
was also agreement on action re- quired at the national, bilateral and
regional levels such as accession to existing international
conventions, harmonisation of domestic legislation, and exchange of
information and expertise.
The Council of Ministers decided to
concretise these efforts with the drafting of a Regional Convention on
the Suppression of Terrorism, which was signed at the Third SAARC
Summit. 4. Expansion of Activities for People-to-People Contact
Five new ideas approved by the Heads of State or Government at the
Bangalore Summit, to promote people-to-people contact in SAARC
PG9 countries, were translated into full-fledged schemes.
One of them, the SAARC Audio-Visual Exchange (SAVE) was launched on 2
Novem- ber 1987, to coincide with the opening of the Third SAARC
Summit. Under this scheme, a television and a radio programme from
each of the member countries, by rotation, will be broadcast
throughout the region on the 1st and 15th of each month respectively.
Organised tourism, with facilities for limited convertibility of
national currencies, is to be launched by 1 July 1988. The scheme for
SAARC Chairs Fellowships/Scholarships is to begin from the academic
year 1988. India is to host a meeting of the Documentation Experts
Committee in March 1988 in connection with the establishment of the
SAARC Documentation Centre. Arrangements are also being made for the
launching of the SAARC Youth Volunteers Programme. 5. Planning
A second meeting of SAARC Planners took place in Islamabad in
October 1987 in pursuance of a decision of the Bangalore Summit (the
first meeting had been held in New Delhi in 1983). The meeting of
Plan- ners is now to take place annually. Based on the recommendations
of the group, studies are to be initiated in the following
areas--analysis of trade regimes vis-a-vis industrial protection
policies of member countries, quantification of the benefits of
intra-regional trade expan- sion and establishment of a mechanism for
financing short duration trade imbalances, joint ventures and national
systems of industrial promotion and regulation.
A data bank on
socioeconomic indicators of member countries is to be established
according to a format to be devised by the Documentation Expert
Committee at its first meeting.
As a follow-up to another
recommendation of the Planners' meeting, India is to host a meeting of
experts in the field of developing energy mode!- ling techniques.
SAARC adopted uniform guidelines for the sharing of institutional
costs of regional institutions, and for other administrative and
budgetary procedures in this connection, at a meeting held in Kathmandu in
May 1987. Regional institutions are to be established in association
with national institutions, as far as possible, to save on capital
expenditure, the guiding parameters for their establishment being
economy and efficiency. PG10 Member: countries have
agreed to establish a SAARC Meteorological Research Centre and a SAARC
Agricultural Information Centre in India and Bangladesh respectively.
The possibility of setting up regional institution in a few other
areas is also being considered.
Administrative and financial
decisions regarding the SAARC Secretariat enabled it to become fully
functional during the year. India contributed a terracotta mural from
Rajasthan to the SAARC Secretariat for the Conference Hall.
The third session of the Council of Ministers took place as
scheduled in New Delhi in June 1987 and was preceded by the eighth
session of the Standing Committee and the third session of the
Programming Committee. All the three bodies met again in Kathmandu prior
to the Third Summit. India has announced a contribution of Rs.
17.5 million towards SAARC.
activities for the year 1988-89. India
looks forward to further progress in the growth of regional
cooperation as envisaged by the SAARC Charter.
PG11 Jul 29, 1987
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South-East
Asia |
|
CHAPTER II
SOUTH-EAST ASIA |
Top |
India's friendly relations with the
countries in the South-East Asian region continue to progress
smoothly. The mutual desire to further develop and diversify bilateral
cooperation, which found particular expression during the visit of
the Prime Minister of India to some of the countries in the region in
October 1986 has been further manifested in the form of increased
high-level exchanges and broadened interaction in economic, commercial and
other areas.
The Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri
K. Natwar Singh, visited Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore
during March 1987 and the Philippines during April 1987 and had a
useful exchange of views on various matters of bilateral interst and
regional issues.
Mr. Daim Zainuddin, Minister of Finance, and Dr.
Lin Keng Yark, Minister of Primary Industries of Malaysia, visited
India from 28 November to Dec 04, 1987, and had discussions with Shri N.
D. Tiwari, Minister of Finance and Commerce, on possibilities of
stepping up the India-Malaysia trade and reducing the trade
imbalance which continues to be in Malaysia's favour.
A delegation
from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI) visited Malaysia in April 1987 and later in July 1987 for the
first meeting of the India-Malaysia Joint Business Cooperation
Committee. An exclusive Indian Trade Exhibition was organised in Kuala
Lumpur from 14 to 23 January 1988.
The Minister of State for
Commerce, Shri P. R. Das Munshi, visited Singapore to inaugurate the
Indian Trade Exhibition which was organised by the Trade Fair
Authority of India from 6 to 12 April 1987. A trade delegation
from the Singapore Federation of Chambers of Commerce and
Industry, visited PG12 India during April-May 1987 and
signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Federation of the Indian
Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).
An agreement on
Avoidance of Double Taxation with the Republic of Indonesia was signed
in Jakarta on 7 August 1987. A delegation of experts from Indonesia
visited India during December 1987 to discuss possible areas of
cooperation in the field of science and technology. An Agreement on
Scientific and Technological Cooperation with the Republic of
Phillippines was signed on 8 April 1987 in Manila during the visit
of tie Minister of State or External Affairs, Shri K. Natwar
Singh. India's relations with the three Indo-China states remain extremely
cordial.
India's efforts have been directed towards finding a
peaceful, negotiated, poli tical settlement in Kampuchea,
involving all the concerned parties. The visit of Shri K. Natwar
Singh, the Minister of State for External Affairs, to the ASEAN
and the Indo-China states in April-May and June-July 1987
respectively, created a better understanding between the ASEAN and
the Indo-China states, and fostered a dialogue between the Kampuchean
factions. India has supported and helped to foster the dialogue
between Prince Sihanouk and Prime Minister Hun Sen of the People's
Republic of Kampuchea. It has been seen as a break- through in the
nine-year impasse and although interrupted, has started a proces s
towards a possible settlement.
India's economic and technical
assistance to the Indo-China region con- tinued to be channelled
through the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC)
programme. Training in fields such as science and technology,
management, agriculture, fisheries, cinematography, forestry, space
studies, atomic energy, animal husbandry, classical dance and music,
etc. under the ITEC and other programmes were provided to the nominees
from the Indo- China countries. Indian experts were also deputed to
these countries.
Credits, commodity loans and grant assistance
were made available to Vietnam. The various decisions of the Second
Indo-Vietnamese Joint Commis- sion (November 1985), were implemented
during the year under review. Science and Technology delegations have
been exchanged and a working programme has been finalised. The
Indo-Vietnamese Treaty for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic
Energy has been ratified and the programme for PG13 cooperation
has been finalised. An Indian telecommunication delegation visit ed
Vietnam and identified areas of cooperation. Two research centres, one
in anima l husbandry and forage, and the other in rice under the
ITEC programme, are functioning smoothly.
In Kampuchea, the
Archaeological Survey of India commenced work on Phase II of the
Angkor Vat Restoration. The project is financed under the ITEC
programme. The Kampuchean authorities have appreciated India's
assistance. The hospital at Svey Rieng is also being renovated with
Indian assistance, and Indian doctors are being deputed to run the
hospital. In collaboration with the Kampuchean Government, India is
processing the establishment of a rice seed farm. Pumps for drought
relief are being supplied to Kampuchea.
The Government of
India gifted 55 pumps to Laos. India has been participating in the
Interim Mekong Projects with Laos as the target country. Relief
medicines and cloth are being supplied. India has pledged to establish one
small-scale unit in Laos. The friendly bilateral relations with
the countries of the South Pacific, ex cept for the regrettable
exception of Fiji, continued throughout the year under revi ew.
The Prime Minister's visits to Australia and New Zealand in October
1986 had given the necessary impetus to the strengthening of bilateral
relations with th ese countries. Follow-up to the visit to
Australia continued in the form of a meeti ng of the Joint Business
Council in March 1987, a senior officials' meeting in April 1987, and
a visit by the Secretary in the Australian Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade in September 1987. The last two meetings in
particular aimed at reviewing, monitoring and directing bilateral
relations. India and Australia signed, during the year under
review, a Memorandum of Understanding on Space research. Progress was
also made on the conclusion of another Memorandum of Understanding on
cooperation in meteorology.
Business delegations were exchanged to
step up trade and economic interaction. The India-New Zealand Joint Trade
Committee had its first meeting in June, 1987 in New Delhi.
PG14 The President of Vanuatu, Ati George Sokomanu, paid
a goodwill, visit to India from 13 to 16 December 1987.
Fiji
was the only country in the South Pacific with which India's relations
suffered a set-back following a coup there on 14 May 1987. In the
wake of the coup, a systematic campaign was launched to deprive the
Indian community in Fiji of its guaranteed constitutional rights. The
discrimination was being made solely on the basis of the racial
origin of the community. Moves were also afoot to change the existing
Constitution which had given the Indians a modicum of fair
treatment and parity. India expressed its deep concern at the
overthrow of the democratically elected popular government in
Fiji.
India also condemned the racial overtone of the actions of the
military regime in Fij i at international forums like the United
Nations General Assembly and the Commonwealth Heads of Government
meeting. India suspended bilateral trade and economic cooperation with
Fiji and India's High Commissioner to Fiji was recalled for
consultations. India has taken the position that any future
constitutional arrangements in Fiji, to be viable and effective, would
have to be fair and acceptable to all the communities there.
India offered cyclone relief worth Rs. 5 lakhs each to Fiji and
Vanuatu. PG15 Dec 04, 1987 |
East Asia |
Top |
CHAPTER III
EAST ASIA
During the year under review, the Government's
desire to renew and revitalise relations with China and to build a
climate of mutual trust between India and China, was conveyed to
the Chinese Government. Our Government's intention to continue to make
sincere efforts to reach a satisfactory and mutua lly acceptable
settlement of the boundary question was also emphasized. It was
stressed that good relations between India and China are important,
not just for both countries, but for Asia and for world peace.
The transit visit of the then Minister for External Affairs, Shri
N. D. Tiwa ri to beijing in May 1987, was a further indication of
the Government's desire to defuse tension on the border with
China. There was a better understanding of each other's positions as a
result of the visit. It was stressed that a new beg inning should
be made to dispel any misunderstanding and suspicions of the past. The
Eighth Round of Official-Level Talks between India and China was held
in New Delhi from 15 to Nov 17, 1987.
The talks were held in a
positive, and constructive atmosphere. The Government's desire to
reach a satisfactory boundary settlement, to maintain peace and
tranquillity on the bor der and to make progress in other spheres
of bilateral relations was conveyed to the Chinese delegation. It was
recognised that the border question is one which is deeply
embedded in the psyche of both peoples and that it will have to be tackled
with patience and care.
The year under review witnessed a number
of exchanges between the two countries under the annual Cultural
Exchange and Science and Technology Exchange Programmes. A four-member
delegation of scholars in Religion and Philosophy visited China in May
1987. A Radio and Television delegation from India visited China in
April-May 1987. An Exhibition of Chinese Oil Paintings was held in New
Delhi in June 1987. Under the Scholarship Ex- change Scheme, which
forms a part of the Cultural Exchange Programme between India and
China, 9 students from each country are studying in the other
currently.
In the field of science and technology, an Indian
delegation visited China in April 1987, to study the computer
industry. Chinese delegations also visited India to study the
large-scale Construction Programme of Housing, the Design and
Construction of High Earth Rock Dams, Plasma Physics and Laser Techno-logy
PG16 and Instrumentation. Outside the Science and Technology
Exchange Programme, there was an exchange of scientists from the
Indian National Science Academy (INSA) and the Chinese Academy of
Sciences. Exchanges between the Indian Council for Social Science
Research (ICSSR) and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)
were also pursued.
The Chinese Minister for Mineral Resources and
Geology, Mr. Zhu Xun visited India from 9 to 20 January 1988 at the
invitation of the Minister of Steel and Mines, Shri M. L. Fotedar.
Both sides expressed their desire to explore the possibilities of mutually
beneficial cooperation in the mineral sec tor and briefed each
other on the experiences gained in both countries in the field of
mineral exploration and development. The delegation also visited organi-
sations dealing with geological surveys, exploration, public sector
production enterprises for ferrous and non-ferrous minerals and
metals with a view to gaining knowledge of India's progress and
development in the mineral sector. A Trade Protocol covering the
period from 1 January 1987 to 31 March 1988, was signed between the two
countries in Beijing in May 1987. The Protocol envisages a total trade
turnover of US $ 150 to 200 million in this period. The President of
the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, Mr.
Jia Shi, also visited India during March 1987, at the invitation of
the Federation of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI).
A five-member Chinese delegation led by Mr. Lin Huaxuan,
Secretary- General of the International Liaison Department of the
Communist Party of China, attended the Asian Relations Commemorative
Conference in New Delhi, in October 1987.
|
Shri K. C. Pant,
the then Minister for Steel and Mines, transited through Beijing in
April 1987, on his return from Pyongyang, where he had attended the
Seventy-fifth Birth Anniversary Celebrations of the President of the Demo-
cratic People's Republic of Korea, Kim Il Sung.
PG17 With Japan, the trend of cooperative and friendly
relations which had received a new impetus since the visit of our
Prime Minister to Japan in 1985,continued with greater exchanges in the
economic, commercial, cultural, scienti fic and technology fields
between the two countries.
The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi
met Prime Minister Nakasone of Japan in October 1987 when he transited
through Tokyo on his way to the Commonwealth Heads of Government
Meeting in Vancouver, Canada. Besides bilateral matters, international
matters of mutual interest were also discussed . The Japanese
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. T. Kuranari paid an official visit
to India in August 1987. Discussions on various bilateral matters were he
ld between Shri K. Natwar Singh, Minister of State for External
Affairs and Mr.
Kuranari. Mr. Kuranari also called on the President,
the Prime Minister and the Finance Minister. The bilateral discussions
comprehensively covered the areas of mutual interest and reflected the
mutual recognition of the important roles of both countries in the
Asian and global context. Other important visito rs from Japan
included Prince Hiro, the son of the Crown Prince and Princess of Japan in
March 1987 and Mr. Y. Sakurauchi, former Foreign Minister and the
President of the India-Japan Association in August 1987. Several
members of Parliament and State legislatures also visited Japan during
the year.
The Mayor of Hiroshima participated in the Asian Relations
Commemorative Con- ference in New Delhi in October 1987.
From
Japan there was an increase in the visit of official delegations as
also delegations from various private companies. There was also an
increase in tourist traffic. Japan in March 1987 and Mr. Y.
Sakurauchi, former Foreign Minister and the President of the
India-Japan Association in August 1987. Several members of Parliament
and State legislatures also visited Japan during the year. The Mayor
of Hiroshima participated in the Asian Relations Commemorative Con-
ference in New Delhi in October 1987.
From Japan there was an
increase in the visit of official delegations as also delegations from
various private companies. There was also an increase in tourist
traffic. Japan became the largest donor to India of the Official
Development Assis- tance (ODA) on a bilateral basis in 1987. An
ODA loan of Yen 68.447 billion was announced in August 1987 marking an
increase of about 41% over the ODA loan of Yen 48.443 billion in the
previous year. In October 1987, Japan announced an additional loan of
Yen 29.5 billion for drought relief assistance. India-Japan
trade continued to reflect Japan's position as India's third largest
trading partner though the trade volume remained low in the context of
Japan's global trade. Indian exports showed a slight upward trend and
effort s to enhance our exports in the face of the 7% increase in
the value of the Yen were made. Exports of manufactured items like
ready-made garments, gems and jewellery, chemicals and leather
products registered a steady increase. The 344 EA/88--5
PG18 India-Japan bilateral trade talks were held in New
Delhi in November 1987 and the possibilities of increasing and
diversifying Indian exports were furthe r discussed. The Twentieth
Joint Meeting of the India-Japan Business Coopera- tion Committee took
place in Tokyo in December 1987 and measures to promote trade,
investment, joint ventures and other collaborations between the Indian
and Japanese companies were further discussed. A Japanese
Investment Survey Mission including representatives of various
Japanese companies visited India in January 1988 to evaluate the
current economic policies in India and the inve st- ment
environment. Several Indian delegations, both official and non-official ha
ve visited Japan to discuss enhanced economic, commercial and
related coopera- tion.
|
During the year
under review, specific proposals for cooperation and interaction in
the field of science and technology were exchanged and efforts to
implement the decisions of. the Joint Committee under the Agreement on
Cooperation in the field of science and technology were continued.
The Japan Month was held in the metropolitan cities of India in
October- November 1987. The Month included a variety of cultural items
and was the largest ever exposition of Japan's culture in India. The
Month was held in pursuit of a decistheir meeting in November 1985 to
enhance cultural exchanges. The Festival of India in Japan is
scheduled to be inaugurated in April 1988.
Preparations for this
Festival continued during the year under review to ensure that a variety of cultural items are presented during the six-month long
festival in Japan next year.
The Fortieth Anniversary of
India's Independence was celebrated in Tokyo. An Indian Naval ship INS
Ganga paid a goodwill visit to Japan coinciding with these celebrations.
Japan also invited Indian youth as part of several ongoing exchange
programmes. A Japanese Maritime Safety Agency ship Chikuzen visited
Madras in November 1987.
An Indian agricultural scientist, Dr. G.
S. Khush was awarded the Japan Prize, alongwith two other scientists,
for his research on rice strains and their contribution to
agricultural development in Asia. PG19
|
India's relations
with both the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea (DPRK) continued to reflect improvements in our
political dialogue and greater avenues for economic cooperation.
Shri N. D. Tiwari, the then Minister for External Affairs paid an
official visit to the Republic of Korea in May 1987. Besides
holding talks on mattersof bilateral and international concern with
the Foreign Minister of the ROK, Shri Tiwari also called on the ROK
President and Prime Minister. Mr. Kyong Shik Kang, Chairman of the
Office of Policy Coordination of the Ruling Demo-cratic Justice Party,
visited India in April 1987 as a Special Envoy of the ROK
President. He paid a courtesy call on the Vice-President and the
Prime Minister and also held discussions with the Minister for
External Affairs. During his visit he invited a delegation of Indian
economic experts to the ROK. The Prime Minister deputed Dr. Y. K.
Alagh, Member, Planning Commission and Secretary, Industrial
Development to visit the ROK in September 1987 to study the econo-
mic development of the country.
On the economic side, efforts were
made to enhance the economic content of our bilateral relationship
with the ROK. India-ROK bilateral trade talks were held in September
1987 and the need to enhance our trade Was mutually recognised. The
ROK side agreed to send a buying Mission to India at an early date
to identify new products of trade interest and to enhance availability of
information on Indian products. The India-ROK Economic Cooperation
Committee also met in New Delhi in September and provided a forum for
exchange of views between the private sectors. A six-member
Parliamentary delegation from the Republic of Korea paid a visit to
India in April 1987. During the visit they called on the Vice-Presid
ent, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the then Minister for External
Affairs and other dignitaries.
A five-member Science and
Technology delegation from India led by the Secretary, Department of
Science and Technology visited the ROK in April 1987 to further
discuss cooperation and collaboration in various identified areas.
The Chief Justice, Shri R. S. Pathak visited Seoul for the
Thirteenth Conference on the Law of the World. Justice Nagendra
Singh had also visited Seoul during the year.
The Cultural
Exchange Programme for the year 1987-88 was discussed and agreed upon
during the visit of an Indian delegation to Seoul in April 1987.
PG20 Various other Indian delegations for international
conferences- also visited the Republic of Korea during the year. A
team from the National Defence College of the ROK visited India in
October 1987 following the visit of an Indian team last year.
The momentum of high-level political exchanges was maintained with
the DPRK during the year. Shri K. C. Pant, the then Minister for Steel
and Mines led a delegation as Special Envoy of the Prime Minister to
the Seventy-fifth Bi rth- day Celebrations of President Kim Il Sung.
The delegation included Shri Eduardo Faleiro, the then Minister of
State for External Affairs, Shri Bhuvnesh Chatur- vedi and Shri M.
C. Bhandare, Members of Parliament.
The Indian delegation met with
President Kim Il Sung. The DPRK Vice Premier and Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr. Kim Yong Nam visited India in February 1987, for
consultations for the Extraordinary Ministerial Conference of
Non-aligned Countries on South- South, Cooperation which was held in
Pyongyang in June 1987. The then Minister for External Affairs, Shri
N. D. Tiwari visited Pyongyang for the Con- ference and also held
bilateral discussions on various subjects of mutual concern with
President Kim Il Sung.
The DPRK Prime Minister attended a public
rally on the occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of India's
Independence in Pyongyang, on which occasion a Festival of Indian
Films was also held.
|
The Cultural
Exchange Programme was signed between India and the DPRK in March 1987
at New Delhi for the year 1987-88. India participated in the first
film festival of Non-aligned countries held in Pyongyang in October
1987.
Mr. Li Gun Mo, the Prime Minister of the Administration
Council of the DPRK visited India from 18 to 21 February 1988. This
was the first ever visit by a North Korean Prime Minister and was
preceded by an economic delegation. The visit emphasised the friendly
relations between our two Non-aligned countri es and efforts to
enhance bilateral economic relations were also made.
An Indian
delegation led by Prof. Nurul Hasan, Governor of West Bengal, visited
Mongolia on the occasion of the Mongolian National Day in July 1987.
Besides holding discussions with the Mongolian Foreign Minister, Prof.
Hasan also called on Mr. Batmunkh, the Head of State of Mongolia. In
April 1987, a three-member Mongolian Parliamentary delegation led by
Mr. B. Altangeral, PG21 the then Chairman of the Great People's
Khural, visited India and was received by the Vice-President, the
Prime Minister and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Both these visits
were greatly appreciated by the Mongolian leadership and serv ed
to maintain the momentum of exchanges between our two countries.
A Cultural Exchange Programme for 1987-89 was signed in August
1987 between India and the Mongolian People's Republic. The Health
Protocol was also renewed for a further period of three years. A
documentary film on Mongoli a, which was jointly produced by India
and Mongolia with Indian assistance under the ITEC Programme, was
successfully completed and the film was presented to the Government of
Mongolia in November 1987. Efforts to further enhance cultural,
scientific, agricultural and health exchanges were maintained during
the year under review. PG22 Nov 17, 1987
|
West Asia And North Africa |
Top |
CHAPTER IV
WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA India's relations in the
political, economic and cultural fields with the countries of the West
Asia and North Africa region were further consolidated and diversified
during the year under review. India persisted with its policy of
firm and unequivocal support for the Palestinian cause. It has lent
active support in all relevant international for a such as the UN
and NAM to efforts for a comprehensive, just and equitable settlementof
the Palestinian problem including the proposal for a UN sponsored Inter-
national Conference on the Middle East. The visit of Mr. Yasser
Arafat, Chair- man of the PLO, in August 1987 underscored the
strong ties between India and the Palestinian people. Shri B.
Shankaranand, the then Minister for Water Resources, had earlier
represented India at the Algiers session of the Palestin e
National Council in April 1987. A close political dialogue was
maintained with Jordan and efforts to enhance bilateral economic
cooperation continued. The Indo-Jordanian Committee on Trade and
Commerce met in New Delhi in March 1987 to give a further boost to
bilateral trade and commercial relations.
Our relations with Syria
also continued to strengthen. The Minister of State for
Agriculture visited Syria in May 1987 to discuss possibilities of
increased bilateral interaction in the field of agriculture. The
Syrian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Diaullah Al Fattal
visited India in January 1988 for con- sultations. Discussions
were held on bilateral relations as well as regional an d
international issues of common interest.
The
growing warmth in Judo-Egyptian relations continued during the year
with renewed interest in bilateral cooperation in various fields.
Regular high- level exchanges on various matters of regional and
bilateral interest also took place. An Egyptian Parliamentary
delegation visited India in October 1987. Our Minister of State for
Health led a delegation to Cairo on a study tour in June 1987. A
number of proposals for cooperation in science and technology,
agriculture, energy, industry and trade with Egypt are under active
considerati on.
Our relations with the three States in the
Horn of Africa viz. Djibouti, Sudan and Somalia continued to remain
steady. In the Maghreb region we continued with our close
cooperation and con- sultations with Algeria, India was represented by
a high-level delegation led b y Shrimati Mohsina Kidwai, Minister
for Urban Development, at the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Algerian
Independence in July 1987. Shri B. Shankaranand, the then Minister for
Water Resources, visited Algeria in April 1987 to discuss pos si-
bilities of Indo-Algerian cooperation in the field of hydraulics.
Further, duri ng the official visit of Dr. Ahmed Taleb Ibrahimi,
Foreign Minister of Algeria in January 1988, wide-ranging
discussions were held on bilateral relations and int er- national
issues of mutual interest. With Tunisia too, there were encouraging
prospects of development of cooperation in the industrial and economic
fields.
Relations with Libya continued to be good and efforts to
solve the problem of outstanding payments to Indian companies
continued. An ever-increasing number of Indian doctors, engineers
and other personnel were recruited for services in various sectors
of the Libyan economy. Following the opening of the Embassy of the
Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic in Delhi, our Ambassador to Algeria
has been concurrently accredited to the SADR. Relief items worth
several lakhs were despatched to the Saharawi Red Cross Society
during the year.
Relations between India and the six countries of
the Gulf Cooperation Council, namely, Saudi. Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait
Bahrain, Qatar and Oman continued to be cordial during the year under
review, These relations are chara c- terised by in important
economic dimension. Bilateral trade with the Gulf countries continued
to increase during the year. The presence of over 7 lakh Indian
workers whose services are valued constitutes a major link between India
and these countries. Despite recessionary tendencies owing to the
fall in off p rices it was possible, through our efforts, to
maintain India's share in the Gulf lab our market. Indian Missions
which now have full-fledged officers looking after labo ur
work continued to provide necessary consular
assistance to Indian, emigrant s in these countries.
During the year, these countries have shown greater interest in
investing in India. The Indo-OAPEC Seminar held in New Delhi in
February 1987 and the Gulf Organisation for Industrial Consultancy
(GOIC) Seminar held in Doha in May 1987 provided investors from the
Gulf countries a better understanding about investment
opportunities in India. The process of persuading the Gulf countries
about the advantages of investing in India is continuing.
A
Special Envoy of the Amir of Kuwait visited New Delhi in June 1987
with a message from the Amir for our Prime Minister relating to
escalation of the conflict in the Gulf. A direct telephone
link between the UAE and India has been established with the
inauguration of the tele-link by the Minister of Communications.
Relations with Iran have continued to grow. There were several
exchanges of visits between the two countries during the year. In
February 1987 the Fourt h session of the Indo-Iran Joint
Commission was held in New Delhi. In October an Indian Parliamentary
delegation led by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha visited Iran. In
December the Iranian Minister of Heavy Industries visited India for
discussions on new areas of industrial cooperation. The Fifth session
of the Indo-Iran Joint Commission is due to be held in Tehran in the
near future.
Relations with Iraq have been warm and cordial. An
Indian Parliamentary delegation led by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
visited Baghdad in October 1987. An Iraqi Parliamentary delegation
is due to visit in April 1988. India participated in the Annual
Baghdad International Trade Fair. A deferred pay- ment arrangement
with Iraq to settle outstanding payments due to Indian com- panies has
been working satisfactorily.
The Iran-Iraq war which has entered
its eighth year continues with little apparent prospect of a
negotiated settlement. While the UN Security Council
Resolution 598 has been broadly supported its
implementation is fraught with difficulty. The already tense
situation in the region was seriously aggravated during 1987 by
the escalation of foreign naval presence in the Gulf. India has
expressed concern over this enhancement of tension in a region
neighbouring our country. India has been in touch with both
Iraq and Iran on the war. The Principal Adviser to the Iranian
President visited India and met the Prime Minister in January 1987 to
brief him on the Iranian position on the war. In February 1987 the
Iranian Foreign Minister who was in Delhi in connection with the Joint
Commission meeting also put across Iran's perspective on the war. There
were further exchanges of views between the two sides during
Secretary (West)'s visit to Tehran in August 1987 and the Iranian
Foreign Minister Velayati's visit to New Delhi in November 1987.
Relations with the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) and the People's
Demo- cratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) were consolidated during 1987.
H. E. Dr. Yassin Saeed Noman, Politburo Member and Prime Minister
of the PDRY, made a halt in India en route to Beijing from 11 to Mar
12, 1987. He had a fruitful exchange of views with our Prime Minister
on bilateral, regional and international matters.
A gift
consignment of medicines worth Rs. 7.5 lakhs was given to the PDRY in
early 1987. India was represented in the YAR at the Silver Jubilee
Celebrations of the 'Twenty-sixth September Revolution" by Shri
Bhagwat Jha Azad, M.P.
The first Indo-YAR Joint Commission meeting
will be held in the near future. Industrial, technical, agricultural,
commercial and medical cooperation are some of the major areas to
be discussed at the meeting. This meeting would facilitate a wider
participation of Indian companies in the YAR's development.
344 EA/88--6
The second meeting of the
Indo-Qatar Joint Committee meeting was held in Doha in January 1988.
The fifth meeting of the Indo-UAE Joint Commission and the
eleventh meeting of the Indo-Iraq Joint Commission are scheduled to be
held in the near future.
Mar 12, 1987
|
Africa (South Of The Sahara) |
Top |
CHAPTER V
AFRICA (SOUTH OF THE SAHARA) With the countries of Africa
(South of the Sahara), India's relations conti- nued to grow
satisfactorily. Significant efforts were made to strengthen India' s
links with the Frontline States and Liberation Movements in South
Africa. India continued to play a major role in the struggle waged
in Southern Africa for dis - mantlement of the abhorrent system of
apartheid and the abolition of the last vestige of colonialism in
that part of the world.
Shri Anand Sharma, MP, the then President
of the Indian Youth Congress, attended the International Conference on
"Repression and the Law in Apartheid in South Africa" in Harare
from 24 to Sep 27, 1987. In June 1987, in New Delhi, an African
Festival was organised and Africa Day was celebrated. At the
Meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government, held in Van- couver
in October 1987, India succeeded in frustrating attempts at diluting man
- datory comprehensive sanctions against the Pretoria regime. A
consensus for CHAPTER V At the Meeting of the Commonwealth Heads
of Government, held in Van- couver in October 1987, India succeeded in
frustrating attempts at diluting man - datory comprehensive
sanctions against the Pretoria regime. A consensus for continuing the
sanctions remained solid. India participated in the "Solidarity
Conference" organised by the African National Congress (ANC) in
Tanzania from 1 to 4 December 1987 to celebrate its Seventy-fifth
Anniversary. The Indian delegation was led by the Minister of
State for Commerce, Shri P. R. Das Munshi. The Ministry of
External Affairs provided interpreters and supplied stationery for use
during the conference.
The AFRICA Fund, established at the Eighth
Conference of the Heads of State Government of Non-aligned countries, has
had an active year Following the
Summit meeting
of the AFRICA Fund Committee, held in New Delhi on 24 and 25 January
1987, the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi had written to all the
Heads of State/Government forwarding a copy of the appeal and Plan
of Action and calling upon all nations to contribute generously to the
AFRICA Fund. As part of the efforts at mobilising resources for the
AFRICA Fund, Shri N. Krishnan, Special Envoy of the Prime Minister
undertook fund raising missions to selected countries accompanied by
the Ambassador of Zambia to Sweden as the representative of the
Vice-Chairman of the Fund. The first missio n in March 1987 took
them to Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Italy and Belgium. In April
1987, they, visited Kuwait and in May 1987 the UAE, Bahrain and
Canada. Detailed presentations were made on the AFRICA Fund, emphasis-
ing the role of the Fund as a catalyst for promoting additional flow
of assista nce to the Frontline States as well as liberation
movements. During these visits sy m- pathy and support for the
objectives of the Fund were expressed. Most donors are already heavily
involved in developmental projects in the Southern Africa region
bilaterally, through the Southern African Development Coordination Con
ference (SADCC) and or through the UN and other multilateral
agencies.
Discussions were also held with the UN agencies, the
Secretary-General of the Commonwealth and the European Economic
Community (EEC). The Sec- retary-General of the UN gave full personal
endorsement and promised support of the UN system to the AFRICA Fund.
Meetings were held with the Inter- national Labour Organisation (ILO),
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as well as an
inter-agency meeting chaired by the Director General for
Development and International Economic Cooperation. As a result of
these efforts, there is scope for considerable Cooperation and,
coordination between the UN agencies and the AFRICA Fund. The UNDP
have agreed to consider pro- viding technical assistance for specific
projects. The IFAD has earmarked funds |
for technical
assistance to an Indian-funded project in Mozambique. Shri
Krishnan and Ambassador Kazinga also called on the Secretary-General
of the Commonwealth, as a result of which, the Commonwealth Fund for
Technical Cooperation (CFTC) have made available many project profiles
and agreed to collaborate constructively through the provision of
technical assista nce for the AFRICA Fund projects. Useful
meetings were held with the European Economic Commission opening up
possibilities of coordination between the activities of the EEC and
the AFRICA Fund.
On the whole, the response to
the AFRICA Fund has been encouraging and contributions and pledges
during the course of the year under review have reached US $ 242
million as on 1 December 1987. The governments of a number of
States comprising the AFRICA Fund Committee including their leaders
have been active in creating, Awareness about the Fund and
soliciting support for it. Several other projects were taken up pu b-
licising the objectives of the Fund and for mobilising international
public opi nion against apartheid. A special brochure on, the
subject of the AFRICA Fund was widely distributed through the India
Missions abroad to government leaders and officials, voluntary
organizations, academic and other institutions as well as emi-
nent persons in different walks of life. Special persons and groups
active agai nst apartheid were identified in various countries and
contact established with the m with a view to spread the message
of the AFRICA Fund. The message of the AFRICA Fund was further spread
through seminars, conferences and meetings. A special, presentation on
AFRICA Fund was made at the meeting of the Asso- ciation of West
European Parliamentarians for Action against Apartheid held at
Strassburg in May 1987. Two delegations of Indian Parliamentarians
visited a number of countries in connection with the convening by the
Parliamentarians Action for Removal of Apartheid (PARA) (India
Chapter) of a global prepara- tory meeting in Delhi in August 1987 to
prepare for an eventual world confer- ence of Parliamentarians
against apartheid.
A meeting of the senior officials of the AFRICA
Fund Committee was held in Delhi from 4 to 7 August 1987 to review the
progress of the AFRICA Fund. The subcommittee meeting was held on
6 August 1987 under the chairmanship of Zambia at which all the
Frontline States and liberation movements as well as donor
countries were present. The meeting enabled donor and recipient countries
to meet for the first time and take full advantage of the
opportunity to intera ct with each other and establish informal
contacts. The Frontline States were able to present updated list
of their priority requirements. A number of donors and UN agencies
made brief references and, amongst others, India was able to announce
the list of projects which it intended to take up for implementation
from its contributions to the AFRICA Fund.
At the Summit
meeting held in January 1987, the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv
Gandhi had announced India's contribution of Rs. 50 crores to the
AFRICA Fund. Thereafter an exercise was mounted to identify the
specific projects that India could take up for implementation
keeping in view India's capability, ex- perience and requirements
of the Frontline States and liberation movements. At |
the August 1987
meeting of the senior officials, India was able to give a list
of projects that it intends to take up. The
value of the projects identified so far is approximately Rs. 35
crores. Transport vehicles valued at approximately Rs. 4 crores were
supplied initially to Tanzania and more are to follow soon.
Essential goods, including medicines and transport vehicles valued
at Rs. 1.5 crores were sent to the African National Congress (ANC).
Transport vehicles, medicines and other items are being supplied to
South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) valued at Rs. 1.5
crores. Orders for supply of 100 railway wagons to Zambia have been
placed with the Projects and Equipment Corporation of India Limited
(PEC). Other projects relating to Mozambique, Botswana, etc. are under
active consideration. Agreements were reached with the Governments
of Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique laying down the terms and
conditions under which Indian projects were being implemented under
the AFRICA Fund.
Within India there has been considerable
interest generated in the AFRICA Fund. Public response would have been
greater but for the unfortunate situation created within the
country on account of the unprecedented drought. Even so contributions
from the public totalling Rs. 30 lakhs have been received. A Soci ety
named Africa Fund has been established with the Prime Minister as the
President and registered with the Registrar of Societies, Delhi. A
Government Body of Senior Officials has been set up for supervising the
activities of the Society. Medicines valued at Rs. 25 lakhs were
donated to Mozambique by the Society.
The second meeting of the
senior officials of the AFRICA Fund Committee was held in Brazzaville,
Congo, from 14 to 16 January 1988. The Chairman's Report on the
activities of the Fund since the first meeting of senior official s
in August 1987, was presented by India. The Committee noted with
satisfaction the progress achieved so far, and the fact that the
pledges announced by over forty countries are approaching US $ one
quarter billion. The dynamic role played by our Prime Minister and
India was acclaimed. Bilateral relations with the countries of
Africa continued to grow. A number of high-level visits were,
exchanged.
The Mauritian Minister of Health visited India in May
1987 and held discussions with the then Minister of Health. The then
Minister for External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari, visited Mauritius
for the Indo-Mauritian Joint Com-mission meeting in July 1987. The
Minister for Human Resource Development led the Indian delegation,
which included the Minister of State for Education a nd Culture,
for participation in Mauritius' Festival International de la Mer.
The Nigerian Ministers of Agriculture and Industries
visited India. A Cultural Exchange Programme between India and Nigeria
was signed in August 1987. The Angolan President, Jose dos, Santos
paid an official visit to India in April 1987 and held
wide-ranging discussions with our Prime Minister. An agreement in the
field of economic and technical cooperation was signed during the
visit. The Foreign Minister of Uganda visited India in August 1987
and hold talks with the then Minister of State for External Affairs,
Shri Eduardo Faleir o, to identify new areas of cooperation
between the two countries.
A Cultural Exchange Programme with
Ethiopia was signed in October 1987 during the visit of the Vice
Minister of Culture of Ethiopia to India. During t he Ethiopian
Foreign Minister's visit to India in November 1987 bilateral relation
s were reviewed. A Cultural Agreement was signed with
Seychelles in December 1987 during the visit of the Minister of
Education of Seychelles to India.
Sep 27,
1987 1987
|
Europe
|
Top |
CHAPTER VI
EUROPE
WESTERN EUROPE Western Europe as a
political and economic grouping constitutes an import- ant factor in
world affairs. Despite the inequities of size and economic potential
these countries have attempted to carve out for themselves, a role
larger than they would be in a position to play were they to seek it
as individ ual nations. Together they constitute an affluent and
sophisticated market. With ju stabout 81/2% of the world's population
they account for about 50% of the world GDP and 40% of
international trade. The Twelve-Nation European Economic Community is
perhaps the largest trading bloc in the world and is a Significant
trading partner of India.
India's relations with the
countries of Western Europe continue to be cordial and friendly.
There was a broad similarity of views based on a belief in politi cal
and negotiated settlements for resolving international problems and
reducing tensions, even if there were difference's on specific issues.
With Western Euro pe increasingly seeking to play a more
independent role and craft a more distinct political personality,
while remaining within the western alliances system, the ir policy
positions on questions of East-West and North-South relations are not
dissimilar to those of India. For India, Western Europe
continued to remain important as a major trad- ing partner, as a
source of economic assistance and for technology transfer. In
addition, there is the need for political cooperation for curbing
terrorism and extremist activity designed to harm India's security
interests. For the West European countries India was seen as a growing
economy, supported by policies of liberalisation and political
stability, providing enormous opportunities for in- vestments and
a market for goods and services. The highly export dependant economics
of Western Europe, which are constantly in search for new markets
considered India as one of the most important areas
in Asia. India has incre asingly come to be recognised as the most
important country in the South Asian region and potentially one of the
most promising political and economic systems in Asi a.
The
twelve members of the European Community continue to be our major
trading partners and cooperation with the community was pursued
vigorously in the fields of industrial cooperation, in science and
technology and in investme nt. Countries of the region, and more
specifically the Scandinavian countries, exte nd- ed economic
assistance for projects in the fields of social welfare, health and rural
development. In an otherwise positive area of economic and
commercial interaction the only cause for concern was the deficit in
the balance of trade which continued to show an increase. While
the overall exports to Western Europe increased in volume, the
range of products remained limited. The reasons for this are the
favourable investment climate in India, the liberalisation in the
import of cap ital goods and our enhanced requirements for the import
of new technology. A contri- butory factor has also been the
protective trade policies of the European Com- munity. Our
concerns have been expressed clearly in bilateral discussions with
representatives of individual countries as well as to the European
Community and specific measures have been sought to be adopted to
remedy the imbalances. Meetings of the Joint Economic and Trade Committees
were held with Sweden and France during 1987. The expansion of Indian
exports, commodity and quantum-wise increase in investment, joint
collaborations, transfer of tech - nology and counter trade
arrangements were the focus of discussions.
In order to curb
anti-Indian activities carried out in and from countries in Western
Europe, we have closely monitored those activities and sought the co-
operation of individual governments. Most governments in Western
Europe have been responsive to our concerns and have, in specific
cases, cooperated activel y in curtailing these activities.
Our specific concerns have been expressed to the British
authorities and their cooperation requested in curbing anti-Indian
activities in and from the U K. Some limited progress in this
regard has been achieved. Negotiations with the |
344 EA/88--7
UK have been in course since 1986 for the
edification of effective legal arr ange- ments.
International issues and bilateral relations were discussed with a
number of countries in the West European region during 1987. There
were several exchanges of delegations and visits of Ministers and
Prime Ministers. The Prime Minister of Norway visited India in July
1987 to discuss bilateral and international issues . He attended
the Conference of the World Commission on Environment and Development.
During the visit a Memorandum of Understanding on Economic, Industrial
and Technological Cooperation was signed. Our Prime Minister met the
Dutch Prime Minister during a transit visit to the Netherlands in October
1987.
During the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi's visit
to Sweden for the Six Nation Initiative in January 1988, discussions
were held with his Swedish counterpart on international issues and
matters of mutual bilateral interest. The Italian Prime
Minister, Mr. Giovanni Goria, paid an official visit to India in
January 1988, the first ever official visit by an Italian Prime Minist
er. During discussions at the levels of the two Prime Ministers
and delegations, vi ews were exchanged on international issues and
matters of mutual bilateral interest . Three important agreements
were signed : a Memorandum of Understanding providing for Italian credit
of US $ 250 million in the Energy sector, a Memo- randum of
Understanding on Development Project for Maintenance Centre at the
Regional Engineering College, Srinagar, and a Memorandum of Understand-
ing on Grant Portion of Farakka Super Thermal Power Station.
The Indian Industry Minister, Shri J. Vengala Rao and Shri P. V.
Narasimha Rao, Minister for Human Resource Development, visited
Sweden. The Ministers of State for Foreign Affairs of Italy and France
visited India ap art from the Minister-President of North Rhine
Westphalia (FRG) and other Ministers from the Federal Republic of
Germany.A Parliamentary delegation led by our Speaker, Dr. Balram
Jakhar visited Spain. In addition, there were numerous visits from
industrial and business groups, academicians, journalists and
artists. Two major manifestations of Indian culture were held in Sweden
and Switzerland.
|
THE USSR AND
EASTERN EUROPE
India's traditionally warm and friendly relations
with the USSR and the other socialist countries of Eastern Europe
continued to grow and strengthen. Exchange of visit at the highest
level contributed in a large measure to this process;
simultaneously the decisions of the meetings of India's Joint Com-
missions with many of the countries, to increase substantially
bilateral trade turnover, accelerate technology transfer, increase
scientific cooperation, gave a yet greater substance to India's
relations with these countries. The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv
Gandhi's visit to the USSR in July 1987 and the visit by the
Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, Mr. N. I. Ryzhkov to
India in November 1987 continued the process of dialogue between the two
countries at- the highest level. During his visit, the Prime Minister,
Shri Raj iv Gandhi inaugurated the year-long Festival of India in
the USSR. He also had meetings with the Soviet General Secretary, Mr.
M. S. Gorbachev and the Soviet Prime Minister, Mr. N. I. Ryzhkov.
These discussions were continued during the Soviet Premier's visit to
India in connection with the inauguration of the Festival of the
USSR in India. The discussions revealed an identity or a close
similarity of views between the two countries on bilateral,
regional and intern a- tional issues. During the Prime Minister's
visit to the USSR, a Long Term Programme of Cooperation in Science and
Technology between India and the USSR upto the year 2000 A.D. was
signed by him and General Secretary, Mr. M. S. Gorbachev. Wider in its
scope than any previous agreement of cooperation in science and
technology between the two countries in the past, this programme would
bring the two countries together in cooperating in frontier areas of tech
- nology, fundamental science and futuristic areas in science and
technology. During the visit of Prime Minister Ryzhkov the status of
wide-ranging Indo- Soviet economic and industrial collaboration
was reviewed at length and ways and means discussed to further enrich
and diversify this mutually fruitful coop e- ration. The Prime
Ministers of India and the USSR signed an Economic and Technical
Cooperation Agreement, under which the Soviets have agreed to extend
a credit of Roubles 770 million (Rs. 1,150 crores) for cooperation
in the estab - lishment of the Karnal Oil Refinery and its
associate works as also a Thermal Power Station of 630 MW capacity.
Agreements were also signed at ministerial levels for Development of
New Forms of Economic Cooperation, Cooperation in Tourism as also
Protocols for cooperation in the field of higher education a nd
training of students and highly qualified specialists and the
equivalence of ce rti- ficates, degrees and diplomas awarded by
Universities and other educational and |
scientific
organizations and institutions in the two countries.
The visit by Mr. A. P. Dobrynin, Secretary of the CC
of the CPSU to India in May 1987 afforded another opportunity for
contacts between the two countries at a senior level. During his
stay in India, Mr. Dobrynin also visited Kashmir.
The
Festivals of India and the USSR in each other's countries have been
planned on an immense and unprecedented scale in both countries. These
will not only be an important landmark in the cultural life of the two
countries, bu t would open up new avenues of understanding and
cooperation in diverse fields and strengthen the friendship between
our two peoples. The two countries also celebrated the fortieth
anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relation s between
the two countries, in April 1987.
India opened its second
Consulate-General in the USSR in Tashkent in July 1987. This would be
of use not only to the Indian citizens travelling to, or at present
studying or working in the Soviet Central Asia, but also in expandin g
the historical relationship between Central Asia and India. The
Indo-Soviet Consular Convention, signed in November 1986, was ratified
in Moscow in June 1987. The Indo-Soviet Cultural Exchange Programme
for 1987-88 was also signed in Moscow in September 1987. The
eleventh session of India-USSR Inter-Governmental Commission for
Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation was held in Moscow on 5
and 6 June 1987, with the Indian delegation led by the then Minister
of External Affairs., Shri N. D. Tiwari, who apart from having meetings
with his Soviet counterpart, Co-Chairman of the Commission, Deputy
Prime, Minister, Mr. V. M. Kamentsev to review the various ongoing
projects of Indo-Soviet economic, scientific and technical cooperation
and overseeing the working of the Inter- Governmental Commission,
called on General Secretary, Mikhail S. Gorbachev and the Soviet
Foreign Minister, Eduard Schevardnadze for exchange of views on
bilateral and international issues of mutual interest and concern.
The Inter-Governmental Commission made an in-depth assessment of
the various programmes and plans of Indo-Soviet cooperation in the
sectors of power oil industry, coal, ferrous and non-ferrous
metallurgy, machine building, agri- culture, water resources,
communications, science and technology, computers and electronics,
etc. and considered the ways and means of further enriching and
diversifying this relationship especially in the context of the goal
set by the leadership of the two countries to raise the level of
bilateral trade to 2.5 ti mes of its level in 1986 by 1992. In
this context, the two countries have set the T rade Plan target of
Its. 5,000 crores for 1988 which is 25% more than the estimated
Indo-Soviet trade turnover of Rs. 4,000 crores in 1987.
Cooperation with Hungary was intensified with the
holding of a Special The Indian side was led by Shri J. Vengala Rao, Union
Minister for Industry. The Protocol underlined the resolve of the two
countries to double the current level of bilateral trade by 1992
and to identify non-traditional high value-add ed items for
bilateral trade. A beginning in the latter has been made by the ship-
ment of the first consignment of 500 Maruti cars to Hungary. The
Hungarian Minister of Transport, Mr. Lajos Urban visited India in May
1987 for dis- cussions on possible cooperation in this field between
the two countries. The Hungarian Deputy Foreign Minister, Dr. Jozsef Benyi
visited India in July 1987. The Indo-Hungarian Cultural Exchange
Programme for 1988-90 was signed in October 1987.
Indo-GDR
economic relations have shown satisfactory progress during the year
under review. The Seventh Session of the Indo-GDR Joint Commission was
held in September 1987, in Berlin, the delegation being led by the Union
Minister for Industry, Shri J. Vengala Rao. It was decided to double
Indo-GDR bilateral trade from its present level, over the next
three years. The Joint Co m- mission also decided to increase
cooperation between the two countries in the fields of Science and
Technology and to increase technology transfer. This is e x-
pected to give a major push to the growth of Indo-GDR bilateral
economic rela- tions. The GDR Deputy Prime Minister and Minister
for Posts and Telecom- munications, Mr. Rudolph Schulze visited India
in May 1987, when an Agree- ment on Cooperation in the Posts and
Telecommunications field was signed with the GDR. The GDR Deputy Foreign
Minister, Mr. Winter visited India in December 1987, during which an
exchange of views on bilateral and interna- tional matters took place.
Relations between India and Yugoslavia continued to develop and
grow. in the political field the two countries have warm and friendly
ties marked by a close similarity of views, as well as close
cooperation relating to development s in the non-aligned world.
The Yugoslav Federal Secretary for Information, Mr. Svetozar Durutovic
visited India in April 1987 and had an exchange of views with his
Indian counterpart, the then Minister of State for Information and Bro
ad- casting, Shri Ajit Kumar Panja and separately met the External
Affairs Minister . The follow-up action on the meeting of the
Indo-Yugoslav Joint Committee has contributed to growing bilateral
trade; efforts are on to increase technology transfer and explore
possibilities for industrial cooperation in third countrie s.
Indo-Romanian trade and economic cooperation
relations were reviewed at the trade talks held in New Delhi from 25
to Sep 27, 1987. The Indo- Romanian Trade Plan for 1988 concluded at
these talks envisages a trade turn- over of Rs. 740 crores which
represents a growth of 80% over the targeted turn- over for 1987.
Session of the Indo-Hungarian Joint Commission in Budapest in
October 1987. |
Relations with
Bulgaria were marked by continuing warmth and friendship. Indian
participation in the Plovdiv Fair in May 1987 was appreciated. India
participated in the International Festival of Red Cross and Health
Films in Bulgaria and the Hindi film Paar received an award. Cultural
exchanges conti- nued at a satisfactory pace with many artistic
troupes visiting Sofia.
The Joint Sub-Commission for Science and
Technology with Bulgaria met in New Delhi in November 1987 to review
ongoing cooperation. New avenues were identified for further useful
collaboration in the future. Mr. Petar Diulguerev, President of
the Central Council of the Bulgarian Trade Unions and Alternate Member
of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist
Party visited India from 14 to 19 December 1987. He called on the
Vice-President of India.
Indo-Czechoslovak relations received
further impetus by the visit of the then Minister for External
Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari from 30 March to 1 April 1987 to Prague
at the invitation of the Czechoslovak Foreign Minister. The Minister
for External Affairs had meetings with all the top leaders, including
President Gustav Husak and Prime Minister Strougal. He also
discussed economic cooperation with the Foreign Trade Minister,
Mr. Urban. Both sides reiterated their keen desire to further
improve Indo-Czechoslovak relations, especially in the economic,
commercial and scientific fields.
The Twelfth Session of the
Indo-Czechoslovak Joint Committee for Economic, Trade and
Technical Cooperation was held in Prague from 21 to 24 May 1987.
|
The Indian
delegation was led by the then Commerce Minister, Shri P. Shiv-
shanker. Besides meeting his counterpart, he also had fruitful talks
with Mr. Rohlicek, Deputy Prime Minister incharge of Economic
Relations. The Joint Committee discussed and identified concrete ways
and means of expanding and diversifying economic cooperation
including industrial collaboration through
joint
ventures and third country projects. It was decided to double the volum
e of bilateral trade turnover by 1990. The Annual Trade Plan for
1988 was finalised in New Delhi in November in accordance with the
results of the Joint Committee.
Indo-Czechoslovak Cultural
Cooperation continued satisfactorily. A festival of Indian films
was inaugurated by the Minister for External Affairs during his visit
in April 1987. A reciprocal festival of Czechoslovak films was held in
Delhi in May 1987. Both the festivals aroused great public interest.
The Indo- Czechoslovak Cultural Exchange Programme was renewed for
1987-89 in June 1987. An exhibition of Indian handicrafts entitled,
Magical India, was held at the Naprtsek Museum in Czechoslovakia
from 2 September to 7 October 1987 and attracted immense public
interest.
Mr. Alois Indra, Chairman of the Czechoslovak Federal
Assembly, led a Parliamentary delegation on a visit to India from 25 to 27
November 1987. It marked the continuing tradition of regular
parliamentary exchanges between the two countries. Mr. Indra
called on the President and the Prime Minister of Indi a.
The
Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Kumari Saroj Khaparde
visited Czechoslovakia from 4 to 7 January 1988. An Agreement on
Cooperation in Health and Medical Sciences was signed between the two
countries on this occasion.
|
The Czechoslovak
Defence Minister visited India from 2 to 5 December 1987, and had
discussions with his counterpart.
The visit of the then External
Affairs Minister, Shri N.D. Tiwari to Poland from 2 to 5 April
1987, at the invitation of Foreign Minister, Mi. Marian Orzechowski
provided a fillip to Indo-Polish relations. During the visit, the
External Affairs Minister had meetings with the President, General
Jaruzelski a nd the Prime Minister, Zbignew Messner besides two
sessions of discussions with hi s counterpart. These meetings provided
a useful occasion for reviewing the satis- factory growth of
Indo-Polish relations as well as for an exchange of views on major
bilateral and international issues. President Jaruzelski expressed his de
ter- initiation to consolidate and further strengthen friendship
with India in accor dance with the understanding reached with the
Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, duri ng General Jaruzelski's
last visit to India in February 1985, The External Affairs
Minister assured him that India was also resolved to
expand and diversify it s relations with Poland. At the
invitation of the Polish Minister of Metallurgy and Machine Industry,
the then Minister of State for Mines, Shrimati Ramdulari Sinha
visited Poland from 2 to 6 June 1987. Some new areas of mutually
beneficial cooperation were identified. The Indo-Polish Joint
Commission meeting was held in Warsaw in October 1987. The Indian
delegation was led by the Energy Minister, Shri Vasant Sathe. He
had meetings with all the top leaders of the Government who reaffirm-
ed their interest in promoting Indo-Polish cooperation in all
fields. The Joint Commission decided to make all efforts to double
the volume of Indo-Polish Trade by 1990. The Polish Secretary
of State for Foreign Economic Cooperation and Foreign Trade
Minister, Mr. Wojcik visited India from 12 to 15 November 1987 to
attend the inauguration of the International Trade Fair in New Delhi.
He had fruitful discussions with the business community regarding
production collabo- ration and joint ventures. He met the then
Minister of State for External Affai rs, Shri Eduardo Faleiro and
apprised him of the implementation of the second stage of economic
reforms in Poland.
Sep 27, 1987
|
The Americas
|
Top |
CHAPTER VII
THE AMERICAS NORTH AMERICA India has consistently
sought a fruitful and cordial relationship with the USA. The
historical tradition of intellectual interaction and people-to-people
contacts and shared faith in democratic values provide a positive
backdrop to the efforts to improve overall relations. The ongoing
political dialogue at all levels is an important element in this
process.
A highwater mark in 1987, was the Prime Minister's
working visit to Washington on Oct 20, 1987 while returning from the
Commonwealth Summit in Vancouver. The Prime Minister had wide-ranging
discussions with President Reagan and his senior colleagues, and with
key members of the US Congress. One of the main objectives of the
visit was to revitalise the relatio nship with a new agenda for
the next few years; and to this end a package of new initiatives for
bilateral cooperation were identified. Areas for greater mutual
interaction that were identified were : science and technology,
trade and inves t- ment, technology transfer, narcotics control,
agricultural education, parliamen tary exchanges and collaboration
in defence related technology. The Ronald Reagan- Indira Gandhi
Science and Technology Initiative was extended for another three
years beyond 1988.
The Minister of State for External
Affairs, Shri K. Natwar Singh also visite d USA in April 1987.
Cooperation in different areas between India and the USA is an
incremental development arising from efforts by both sides to
establish a surer foundation for 344 EA/88--8
the relationship. Reflecting the increased
confidence in bilateral ties was t he US readiness to licence the
sale of a supercomputer to India. The two Governments also agreed to
consult regularly to ensure that the US supercom- puter export
reflected the rapid pace of advancing technology and India's need
for upgraded capability. Notwithstanding the progress in
Indo-US relations, some differences remain on regional and
international issues. Primary among these differences is the
respective approach of the two countries to the non-peaceful
dimensions of Pakistan's nuclear programme. The danger of nuclear
weapons proliferation transcends the sub-regional dimension ; it is an
international responsibility t o address the problem of horizontal
and vertical proliferation. India is disappoi nted that the USA
has chosen to waive its own non-proliferation laws in favour of
Pakistan, During his visit to the USA, the Prime Minister of India
reaffirmed that India had no intention of producing nuclear
weapons unless constrained to do so. |
A good
relationship between the two sovereign democracies is built on mutual
interest, trust and confidence and a recognition of each other's paramou
nt national interests. It is in this perspective that the
relationship could rise above well known differences and become
more responsive to the needs and expectations of the Indian and
American people.
India and Canada have traditionally enjoyed good
relations with each other. Both are members of the Commonwealth and
relations have been marked by an exchange of visits and views at the
highest level. The Prime Ministers of the two countries met again
during the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Canada
in October 1987 where they discussed issues of bilateral and
international concern. Indo-Canadian bilateral cooperation
remained brisk and active in 1987. Canada participated as a partner
country at the Eighth India Engineering Trade Fair. The
Indo-Canadian Working Group on Coal met in New Delhi in April 1987.
The Minister of State for Industrial Development, Shri Arunachalam,
visited Canada in June 1987 for bilateral consultations. A five-member
Canadian Parliamentary delegation visited India in March-April
1987. During their stay, they visited several parts of the country
including Amritsar.
India and Canada continued to
coop rate on combating the menace of extremism and terrorism directed
against India. The Extradition Treaty signed in February 1987
would go a long way in tackling this problem. CENTRAL AND SOUTH
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN India's relations with the countries of
Latin America and the Caribbean continued to grow during the period
under review. Exchanges of visits, signing of bilateral
agreements, cooperation in international issues as well as in the
sphere of bilateral interests, and India's support for peace in
the region cont ri- buted towards strengthening our traditionally
cordial and friendly ties with th e countries of the region.
A significant event was the visit in March 1987 by the then
Minister for External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari, to Trinidad &
Tobago and Guyana. A bilateral Cultural Agreement was signed during
the visit for promoting intensiv e cooperation between India and
Trinidad & Tobago. The Minister for External Affairs called on
President Hoyte of Guyana during his visit for the Foreign Ministers'
Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) on Latin America and the
Caribbean at Georgetown.
|
The Foreign
Minister of Uruguay, Mr. Enrique V. Iglesias, paid an official Visit
to India in March 1987. He held discussions on various international and
bilateral issues. India continued to express concern over
the Central American crisis and extended its unstinted support to the
Peace initiative of the Contadora Group and its Support Group. On
various occasions in the fora of the UN and the Non-Aligned Movement,
India reiterated its position that the crisis should be resolved
peacefully through dialogue amongst the countries of the region withou
t outside interference or introduction of big-power rivalries.
India has welcomed the signing of the Accord in Guatemala City in
August 1987 by the Presidents of the Republics: of Costa Rica,
El-Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua on the procedure to
establish a firm and durable peace in Central America and expressed
the hope that the process of negotiations and dialogue
would result in a just and lasting settlement, based
on the respect for the r ight to self-determination of each
country of the region and ensuring the security, sovereignty and,
independence of all States of the region, free of external int er-
vention or threat of such intervention. A thirteen-member
Colombian Parliamentary delegation led by Dr. Jorge Cristo Saiun,
Vice-President of the Colombian Senate, visited India in May 1987 .
The then Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri Eduardo
Faleiro, during an official visit to Cuba from 2 to 5 December 1987
met with President Castro, Vice-President Rodriguez and the
Foreign Minister, Malmierca. He handed over a letter from the Indian
Prime Minister to the Cuban President. India once again
co-sponsored a resolution in the UN General Assembly calling upon
Argentina and the UK, to hold negotiations with a view to resolve
their dispute over Falklands Malvinas. The resolution was adopted
by 114 votes to 5 with 36 abstentions. The Chief of Staff of
the Guyanese Defence Forces, Major-General Norman Mclean, who was in
India as Assistant Manager of the West Indies Cricket Team
|
that toured India
in November-December 1987, held discussions with the Chief of Army
Staff and other officials and visited some of India's military training
institutions.
The Commonwealth of Dominica has opened a
resident Mission in New Delhi with Her Excellency Mrs. Gilda Thebaud
Mansour as its first High Commissioner to India. A two-member
technical delegation from Nicaragua visited India in October 1987 to
identify areas for technology transfer and setting up of joint ventures
. The delegation evinced keen interest in India's cooperation and
assistance in
various sectors, including jute
cultivation, coconut processing and the setti ng up of in
artificial limbs-fitting centre in Nicaragua.
India and Venezuela
signed a bilateral Agreement on Science and Techno- logy in April
1987. Bolivia has designated its Charge d'Affaires (CDA) at Kuala
Lumpur, Mr. Llano, as its first CDA to India, resident in Kuala
Lumpur. India gifted medicines to Ecuador for relief to the
victims of a severe earthquake which struck the country causing
extensive destruction in March 1987.
In November 1987,
Suriname held general elections to its fiftyone-seat National Assembly
under its new Constitution which was approved by referendum in
September 1987. The "Front for Democracy and Development"--an alliance
oil the country's three main political parties won a resounding
victory with 41 seats. The then Minister of State for Mines, Smt.
Ramdulari Sinha, led a good- will delegation from India in January
1988 to attend the inauguration of the President of Suriname.
The Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, sent congratulations to
Costa Rica's President, Oscar Arias on the award to him of the
Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to the Central American Peace
efforts. A Ramayana Ballet Troupe of the Sriram Bharatiya Kala
Kendra, New Delhi, visited Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago and Suriname
in October-November 1987 giving tremendously successful performances.
The performances, attended by Heads of State and other high
dignitaries of these countries, besides a cros s section of the
population, evoked keen interest amongst the people in Indian ar t
and culture.
Oct 20, 1987 |
United Nations And International Conferences |
Top |
CHAPTER VIII
UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
India
continued to play an active and constructive role in the United
Nations, as well as in major international conferences organised by
the United Nations and its specialised agencies during 1987. The
Prime Minister's address at the UN General Assembly session on Oct
19, 1987 on Environment and Development reflected the high importance
which India attaches to the UN and its work. The Minister of State for
External Affairs, Shri K. Natwar Singh, who led the Indian delegation
to the forty-second session of the UN General Assembly, summarised the
Indian position on the principal issues on the UN agenda in his speech
to the UN General Assembly on 29 September 1987, The improved
atmosphere between the Super Powers benefited to some extent, the
deliberations of the forty-second session.
India played a major
role in the UN Conference on Disarmament and Development which was
held in New York in August-September 1987. Shri K. Natwar Singh,
Minister of State for External Affairs, was unanimously elected
Chairman of the Conference. The success of the Conference was mainly
due to Indian initiative and efforts, which were largely instrumental
in the adoption of the final consensus document. India's keen
interest and active participation in the activities of the Commo n-
wealth and the Non-Aligned Movement were generally acclaimed.
Political Issues India's position on Afghanistan was
reiterated during the debate in the forty-second session of the UN
General Assembly. India's Ambassador to the United Nations, quoting
the Prime Minister said : "We agree on the need for an early
political settlement in Afghanistan and support the efforts of the UN
Secretary-General. I believe that a just solution
must ensure a sovereign, in de- pendent and non-aligned
Afghanistan. Foreign intervention and interference must cease. The
Afghan refugees must be allowed to return to their homes in honour,
dignity and security. We would welcome any earnest effort in this
direction." During the session, India was closely involved in
consultations aimed at obtaining a consensus on a resolution on
Afghanistan which would have been acceptable to all the parties
concerned. Though India would have liked to see these efforts come to
a satisfactory conclusion, a consensus could not be achieved.
India welcomed the efforts of the UN Secretary-General and his
personal representative Mr. Diego Cordovez. The UN Secretary-General,
in his report, had referred to the need for "innovative diplomatic
approaches" to resolve the Afghan issue. The text of the draft
resolution that was presented to the General Assembly, was similar to
the ones presented in earlier years and did not adequately reflect, in
India's view, the dynamic situation prevailing at th e time
regarding the solution of the Afghan question. India therefore abstained
on the resolution. The resolution was adopted by a recorded vote
of 123 in favour, 19 against and 11 abstentions.
As in earlier
years, the question of Kampuchea came up for discussion in the Plenary
Session of the UN General Assembly as well as in the Credentials
Committee. In the Credentials Committee, some countries expressed
reserva- tions on the credentials of the Coalition Government of
Democratic Kampuchea.
The substantive resolution was adopted by a
recorded vote of 117 in favour, 21 against and 16 abstentions. India
abstained on the resolution since it was one-sided and inflexible
and did not take into account the considerable movemen t towards a
solution to the problem brought about through diplomatic exchanges.
Proposals made over the past months towards a solution and the
views reflected in the debate on this issue in the UN General
Assembly were also not taken into account in the resolution.
The forty-second session of the UN General Assembly adopted 8
resolu- tions in regard to the situation in West Asia-4 on the
Question of Palestine an d 4 relating to the Situation in the
Middle East. During the debate on the situat ion in the Middle
East, the then Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri Eduar do
Faleiro, reaffirmed India's firm support to the
Palestinian people in their f ight for their right to
self-determination and a homeland of their own. The Minister also
told the General Assembly that the situation was continuously evolving
and that new perspectives were developing on the international scene
and that in this context peace and security was vital to all
States in the Middle East.
India joined other nations in
condemning, in the Security Council on 16 December 1987, the "iron
fist" policy of Israel in the occupied territories whi ch had
resulted in the death and wounding of many Palestinian men, women and
children. India characterised the popular uprising in occupied
territories as a reflection of the will of an entire people for an
independent homeland.
India hosted an Asian Regional Seminar and
Non-Governmental Organiza- tion (NGO) Symposium on the Question of
Palestine in New Delhi from 8 to 12 June 1987. The meetings were held
in cooperation with the UN Committee on the Exercise of the
Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People. The conflict between
Iran and Iraq was the major issue before the UN Security Council in
1987. After extensive discussions, the Security Council adopted
resolution 598 which demands that, as a first step towards a negotiated
settlement, Iran and Iraq observe an immediate ceasefire,
discontinue all milit ary action on land, at sea and in the air
and withdraw all forces to the internatio nally recognised
boundaries without delay. The resolution also requests the Secretary -
General to explore, in consultation with Iran and Iraq, the question
of entrust ing to an impartial body the task of enquiring into
responsibility for the conflict .
|
The resolution
also decided that the Security Council would meet again as necessary
to consider further steps to ensure compliance with this resolution.
Following the adoption of the resolution on 20 July 1987, the
Secretary-General has been involved in wide-ranging consultations
with Iran and Iraq and members of the Security Council with the
objective of securing implementation of Securi ty Council
resolution 598.
Despite significant efforts made by all concerned,
negotiations between countries party to the Antarctic Treaty and
non-members of the Treaty failed to produce a consensus resolution on
the Question of Antarctica. Two resolu- tions were subsequently
introduced in the First Committee. The first called for the exclusion
of the racist apartheid regime of South Africa from participa tion
in the meetings of the consultative parties at the earliest possible
date. The
second resolution, dealing- with the
substantive, aspects of the question of Antarctica and the
Antarctic Treaty System, inter alia, called upon the Antarct ic
Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) to invite the Secretary General of
his representative to all meetings of the treaty parties including
their consultati ve meetings and minerals regime negotiations; and
called, upon the ATCPs to impose a moratorium on the negotiations to
establish a minerals regime until such time as all members of the
international community can participate fully in such
negotiations.
India voted in favour of the first resolution along
with other Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties. India did not
participate in the voting on the second resolution. The
fourteenth meeting of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties was held
in Rio de Janeiro in October 1987. Italy and the German Democratic
Republic (GDR) were admitted in ATCPs. Meanwhile discussions on the
ongoing minerals negotiations took place in Montevideo, Uruguay, in
May 1987, and in Auckland, New Zealand, in November 1987.
The situation in Southern Africa, the vulnerability of the
Frontline States to South African aggression and the policies of
apartheid of the Pretoria regim e continue to be a focal point of
international concern and indignation. The raci st regime has
resorted to increasing repression and violence and has now imposed
draccnian press and media censorship. As a member of the Special
Committee against Apartheid, India continued to voice its concern in
the UN General Assembly at those developments and reiterated its call
for the imposition of co m- prehensive and mandatory sanctions
under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, as the only peaceful
means to effect a change whereby South Africa can have a
non-racial democratic society. India was also a member of the Special
Committee on the implementation of the United Nations resolutions on
collabo- ration with South Africa, the task force on women and
children under apartheid and the task force on political
prisoners. India participated actively in vario us meetings held
in different parts of the world. It co-sponsored seven resolution s
in the General Assembly on the policies of apartheid of the Government
of South Africa, each of which was adopted by very large majorities.
The Security Council met on two occasions to discuss the situation
in Namibia and adopted Resolution 601 requesting the Secretary-General
to proceed with the United Nations plan to facilitate Namibian
independence. It also met to discuss South Africa's aggression
against Angola and, in Resolution 602, 344 EA/88--9
|
set a deadline of
10 December 1987 for withdrawal of South African forces from its
territory. At the specific request of the concerned States and the Afr
ican, group, India participated in these meetings and
reaffirmed-its call for the Com plete isolation of the Pretoria
regime internationally as the means to terminate its policies of
aggression, colonialism and apartheid. India's Permanent Represen-
tative was re-elected Vice-President of the United Nations Council
for Namibia.
The Council held a special session at the level of
Ministers from member states in New York on 2 October 1987.
Reference was made at the meeting to it having been held on Gandhi
Jayanti. The Council also convened an Extra- ordinary Plenary Meeting
in Luanda, Angola, in May 1987, which gave members the opportunity to
see-camps where refugees from the Namibian occupied terri- tory
were being looked after by the Angolan Government. India's role as
Chairman of the AFRICA Fund was reflected in appreciative references
by delegations at various United Nations forums. Specific references
to the Fund were included in the principal resolutions on
apartheid, Namibia, decolonisation and the Organization of African
Unity (OAU). A process of high-level consultation between the Fund and
the Council for Namibia was initiated with the visit to New Delhi, in
May 1987, of a delegation led by the Council President which
called on India's Prime Minister and had detailed discussions in the
Ministry of External Affairs.
India maintained its traditional
position on the question of decolonisation, stressing the
criticality of the United Nations and of the negotiation process in
this regard. Principal resolutions on decolonisation, on the
particular questio ns of Western Sahara and the Falkland Islands
(Malvinas) and on scholarships and educational assistance to
students from colonial territories, continued to be c o- sponsored
by India. In its statements, India made clear its belief that the fut
ure of a colonial territory belongs to all its people and as such
must be. freely determined by them. in his statement
before the Plenary Session of the forty-second UN General Assembly,
the Minister of State for External Affairs, Shri K. Natwar Singh, said
: "The heightened military presence of outside powers (in the Indian
Ocean) is in conflict with the Declaration of 1971 on the Indian Ocean
as a Zone of Peace. It demonstrates vividly that the main objective
behind the 1971 Declaration is as valid today as it was when the
Declaration was made. What is more, it shows the futility of efforts
to dilute the thrust of the primacy i n the objective of the
Declaration,! which is to tackle the external threat in the
Indian Ocean. It is in this context that we believe
that for, the proposed international conference on the Indian Ocean to
achieve meaningful results, it, would be necessary to ensure that all
big powers with military presence i n the Indian Ocean
participate." The consensus resolution, adopted by the UN General
Assembly, calls for the convening of the Conference on the Indian
Ocean at Colombo at an early date but not later than 1990. The.
resolution also requests the Ad Hoc Committe e to hold three
preparatory sessions in 1988, each of a duration of one week, one
session of which could be held in Colombo in accordance with a
decision to be taken by the Committee at its first session in
1988. The resolution was adopted both in the First Committee and
in the Plenary Session without vote.
India's application for
registration and allocation of a mine-site of 150,00 0 square
kilometres in the Central Indian Ocean was unanimously accepted by the
Preparatory Commission (PREPCOM) for the International Seabed Authority
and for the International. Tribunal of the Law of the Sea at its
resumed fifth session in July-August 1987 held in New York. India
thus achieved the unique distinction of becoming the first registered
Pioneer Investor under Resolution II of the Final Act of the UN
Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in 1982. The decision of
the PREPCOM gives India the right to explore and develop the resources
of the deep seabed which contain rich deposits of polymetallic
nodules, which include important minerals like manganese, nickel,
copper and cobalt.
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India's
achievement was welcomed by the Commonwealth Summit held in Vancouver,
Canada, in October 1987, by the Non-Aligned Movement at its
Ministerial meeting in New York in October 1987, as well as. by the UN
General Assembly, which in a resolution on the Law of the Sea adopted
at its forty-second Session termed the decision to register India's
application for a mine-site a "historic" one. Disarmament
Issues During 1987, India played a leading role in the three main
multilateral disarmament fora, namely, the conference on Disarmament,
the UN Disarma- ment Commission and the First Committee of the UN
General Assembly. This
was in keeping with the
consistent Indian belief that in the nuclear age, di sarma- ment
is necessary not just for the maintenance of peace but for the very surviv
al of mankind, India continued to emphasise the validity of the
multilateral approach by reiterating that the search for unilateral
security through nuclear deterrence must be replaced by a search
for global security through nuclear disarmament. In the
Conference on Disarmament, the sole multilateral negotiating body,
India maintained a position of principle and played a leading role in
the group of neutral and non-aligned countries by calling for
commencement of negotia- tions on critical issues of prevention of
nuclear war, cessation of nuclear arm s race and nuclear
disarmament and a comprehensive Nuclear Weapons Test Ban Treaty. In
the negotiations for a convention on Prohibition of Chemical Weapons,
India took the stand that nothing in the Convention should be used to
hamper the development of chemical industry and international cooperation
in this field for peaceful purposes.
In the UN Disarmament
Commission, the deliberative body dealing with disarmament issues,
India continued to stress the importance of retaining the
priorities attributed to nuclear disarmament and other weapons of
mass destruc- tion. India also chaired the Working Group dealing
with the development of guidelines on nuclear disarmament. In
the first committee of the UN General Assembly, the Indian resolu-
tions on Convention on non-use of nuclear weapons and nuclear freeze
were adopted by large majorities, as in the previous years. India
played an importan t role in the adoption, without a vote, of a
resolution on the Third Special Sess ion of the General Assembly
Devoted to Disarmament (SSDD-III). This session will be held from 31
May to 25 June 1988. It is to be preceded by a meeting of the
Non-aligned Foreign Ministers. The First Committee adopted 63 resolu-
tions and India supported the vast majority of these. At the first
Preparatory Committee Meeting for SSDD-III, the only new item on
the agenda relating to the technological imperative of the arms race
was added on the initiative of India. The Special
Political Committee of the UN General Assembly considered the report
of the Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) in
November 1987. On 3 November 1987, Austria introduced the draft, resolu-
tion entitled "International Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space"
on behalf of the Working Group. The
resolution was adopted without a vote both in the Committee and in the
General Assembly, As usual, India voiced its serious concern over
the militarisation of outer space and made a strong plea for
keeping space free from the arms race. No decision could be reached on the
issue of new items for the agenda. India reiterated its strong
plea for peacefu l uses of nuclear energy. India participated in
the events connected with the Int er- national Year of Peace.
Eight Indian organisations and the city of New Delhi were awarded
"Messenger of Peace" certificate. The UN Conference on Disarmament
and Development was held in New York from 24 August to 11 September
1987. India was elected President of the Conference by acclamation.
Earlier, India had been elected Chairman of the forty-four member
Preparatory Committee for the Conference. The success of the
Conference was in no small measure due to the efforts of the
Indian delegation to the Preparatory Committee as well as the
delegation to the main Conference. Although the USA did not attend the
Conference, the Western allies of the US attended and displayed a
positive attitude towards the relationship between Dis - armament
and Development. The Conference, where the relationship between
Disarmament and Development was discussed for the first time at a
political level inter-governmentally, was a historic one and was able
to adopt the Final Document by consensus.
In 1987-88, the
leaders of the Six Nation Initiative continued their efforts to
bring about the first steps towards complete nuclear disarmament. To mark
the Third Anniversary of the First Appeal issued by the Six leaders,
another joint statement was released in May 1987. The statement takes
into account developments in 1987, the major development being the
Soviet offer of an agreement on the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces
(INF) in Europe. Follow- ing the "agreement in principle" reached
between the Super Powers on the INF in September 1987, the Six
Nations, in a joint statement issued on 7 October 1987, welcomed this
development, calling it "a historic first step in the direc tion
of our common goal, namely, total nuclear disarmament".
Just
before the Summit meeting between President Reagan and the Soviet
General Secretary Gorbachev, the Six Nations sent a message on 7
December 1987, wishing the two leaders success in their efforts to achieve
nuclear disarmament. The message further expressed the hope that the
Summit
meeting would yield a spirit in which more
far-reaching disarmament agreemen ts can be quickly elaborated and
concluded.
The Six leaders met for their third Summit in Stockholm
from 21 to 22 January 1988 and issued the Stockholm Declaration. The
Declaration notes that when the Initiative was launched, more than
three years ago, prospects for disarmament looked grim. Since
then, the Six have welcomed the resumption of the dialogue between the
Soviet Union and the United States. The signing in Washington on 8
December 1987, of the INF Treaty is a historic first step, and no
time should be lost before more far-reaching nuclear disarmament
agreements are achieved. The Declaration reiterates the call for a
Comprehensive Test Ball Treaty (CTBT) and pending that, an
immediate suspension of all nuclear testing, and the call for
preventing an arms race in space. Recognizing the importance of
verification of compliance with disarmament agreements, the Declaration
notes the need for the establishment of an integrated multilateral
verification system within the United Nations.
The Prime
Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, in his address at the Summit, congra-
tulated General Secretary Gorbachev and President Reagan on their
vision and on the sensitivity they had shown to the need to dismantle
and destroy the nucl ear weapon system. Further, he described the
INF Treaty as a historic beginning and said that "there can be no
relapsing into the complacency of coexisting with the instruments of
our own destruction." The goal must remain the dismantling of all
nuclear arsenals as the precursor to general and complete disarmament.
Therefore, the Prime Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi continue, the INF
Treaty should constitute the commencement of a time-bound process of
nuclear disarmament.
Economic Issues The overall
climate before the start of the forty-second session of the UN General
Assembly was perhaps somewhat better than that before the forty-first
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session as a
result of the positive outcome of the seventh session of the UN Co n-
ference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD-VII) which adopted its Final
Act as a consensus document. Further, the modest recovery in the
industrialized countries, had been sustained in the, period under
review, thus slightly improv ing the world economic situation. The
developing countries, however, continued to face serious economic
problems. Though there was greater recognition of the need
for sustained, and increased economic growth as a means of overcoming
international economic problems, this common understanding did not
result in any meaningful progress in concrete areas. Except
for the consensus outcome of UNCTAD-VII, the overall standstill in
international economic negotiations in the UN fora continued in 1987. The
industrialized countries, particularly the United States, have been
following a strategy whereby the role of the UN is confined to
acting as a forum for genera l exchange of views rather than for
serious negotiations on concrete issues. Such negotiations are
increasingly being restricted to the domain of specialised for a,
such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, where developed
countries enjoy greater weightage in decision-making. The major
industrialized countries also show. a tendency to consult and
reach agreements on far-reaching issues among themselves without
fully involving the wider international community, especiall y the
developing countries. In this difficult negotiating climate, India's
effort s were aimed at preventing any erosion of fundamental
positions of the developing countries while simultaneously continuing
to work for progress in new areas.
The Indian delegation played a
constructive role in negotiations leading to the Declarations
adopted at the Ministerial Meetings of the Group of 77 and of the
Non-aligned countries, both held immediately prior to the General Assembly
Session in New York. At the forty-second Session of the General
Assembly, negotiations in the field of international economic
relations were dominated by the issue of external debt and related
subjects, environmental matters and the critical economic
situation in Africa. On environment and on the critical econo mic
situation of Africa, the General Assembly was successful in reaching
consensus positions. Regrettably, there was no such consensus on
the issue of debt and th e Assembly had to resort to a vote. The
Indian delegation played an active role i n facilitating consensus
on the resolutions on environment. Protracted discussion s were
necessary to take account of the concern of developing countries that in-
creased international attention to environmental issues should not
lead to the introduction of new conditionalities in development
assistance given by the mul ti- lateral financial institutions and
that increased financial and other resources should be made
available to the developing countries to respond effectively to en-
vironmental challenges. The conciliatory role played. by India in this
matter w as greatly appreciated.
In some other important
areas too, the UN General Assembly reached consensus positions mainly
because the action sought was of a limited or proce- dural nature
such as in the, field of science and technology, the substantial N ew
Programme of Action for the Least Developed,
Countries, the Global Shelter Strategy to the Year 2000 and the
Plan to Combat Desertification and Drought.
The Pledging
Conference for the Operational Activities for Development for 1988
showed an increase in nominal terms in the pledges for the major funds
and programmes of the United Nations. Partly, this was
attributable to exchange rate variations. However, the UN Fund for
Population Activities continued to face a difficult situation because
of the withholding of contribution by the Un ited States.
India's efforts for enhancing cooperation among the developing
countries continued in various fora. India participated actively at
the Sixth meeting of the Inter-Governmental Follow-up and
Coordination Committee held in Havana in September 1987, which adopted
the guidelines for the operation of the Perez Guerero Trust Fund and
conducted a sectoral review of the Caracas Programme of Action for
cooperation among developing countries. The Indian delegation also
participated actively in the Sixth Ministerial Meeting of the Group of 77
held in Havana in April 1987 in preparation for the Seventh
Session of the Unit ed Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD-VII).
Administrative and Budgetary Matters Though
the severity of the financial crisis of the UN, which had dominated
the discussions in the UN General Assembly during its. 1986
session abated some - what in the period under review, the
financial difficulties of the organisation and its cash flow
problems are far from over. However, after a gap of several years,
the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly was successful in
avoiding any negative vote from the major contributors on the budget
for 1988-89 for which a figure of US $ 1.769 billion was approved. The
USA, Japan and Australia, which in the recent past had voted against
the budget, abstained; the European Economic Community (EEC) countries
changed their vote from negative to that in favour. Israel was the
only country to cast a neg ative vote. The greater support to the
organisation's budget can be seen in the light of the new budget
process mandated by the UN General Assembly during its 1986 session,
which had called for the broadest possible agreement in decision-
making and which had put a cap on overall expenditure.
The
Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly adopted by consensus a
non-aligned resolution on the current financial crisis facing the
Organization.
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India played an
active part together with other Non-aligned countries. The
resolution requests the President of the General Assembly, in
consultation with the Secretary-General, to keep under
consideration the possibility of re-conven ing the forty-second
session of the General Assembly at an appropriate time in 1988 to
discuss the financial situation of the organization. It requests the
Secreta ry- General to inform all member states on the magnitude
of the current financial crisis, to seek their views on the
financial situation of the organization and to prepare a report
for the consideration of the General Assembly.
India supported an
initiative taken by a number of developing countries to correct the
present geographical imbalance in the composition of the Com- mittee
for Programme and Coordination, an Inter-Governmental Committee which
recommends priorities among UN programmes. This body has been given
new responsibilities in recommending an overall level of the budget and in
monitori ng the implementation of the General Assembly resolution
41/123 on the review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and
Financial Functioning of the United Nations. The membership of the
Committee was increased from, 21 at present to 34, with 7 seats for
Asian States, 9 for African States, 7 for Latin America n States,
7 for West European and other States and 4 for East European States.
In the elections held for the new seats this year, India,Bangladesh,
Pakistan and Bahrain were declared elected with India getting the
largest number of votes.
The Fifth Committee also decided this
year to incorporate the population figure of member states as an
additional factor, with a 5% weightage, for the purpose of
deciding the indicative range of recruitment of their nationals to t
he UN Secretariat, subject to geographical distribution. While the
need for inclus ion of the population factor was recognised by the
General Assembly 25 years ago, |
this factor had
so far been applied region-wise. India was among the countries
which pointed out that the composition of the UN Secretariat would
continue to be inequitable unless the population of individual member
states was given separate weightage.
Social and
Humanitarian Issues India continued to take an active interest in
social and humanitarian issues considered in the UN General
Assembly, the Commission for Human Rights and other related Human
Rights fora in the United Nations.
344 EA/88--10
Indian representatives at the forty-third Session of the
Commission on, Human Rights, held in Geneva in February-March 1987,
and the thirty-nineth Session of the Sub-Commission for the Prevention
of Discrimination and Protec- tion of Minorities, held in Geneva
in August 1987, made statements and moved resolutions on the most
serious human rights situations in the world arising fr om
apartheid in Southern Africa, the continued colonisation of Namibia
and the occupation by Isreal of Arab territories, including Palestine.
India also conti nued its positive contribution to the ongoing
standard-setting exercise of drafting conventions relating to the
rights of the child and rights of migrant workers, as also the
ongoing discussions on the practical measures to implement the Dec-
laration on the Right to Development adopted in the forty-first
Session of the UN General Assembly.
The situation of
Tamils in Sri Lanka came up for discussion during the forty-third
Session of the Commission on Human Rights. In March 1984, the
Commission had appealed to the parties concerned in Sri Lanka to take,
inter alia, necessary measures to strengthen and maintain peace and
restore harmony and had expressed the hope that they would succeed
in achieving a satisfactory solution to the problem. As the
situation had since deteriorated further, the Commission, by
consensus, adopted for the first time a resolution on Sri Lanka
calling upon all parties and groups to renounce the use of force
and acts of violence and to pursue a negotiated political solution.
During deliberations in the Commission, India had stressed that
only a negotiated political settlement could resolve the problem
in Sri Lanka and that India was prepared to continue its good
offices for this purpose. She recalled that India and Sri Lanka were
friendly countries with many common values and aspirations and
with a common stake in peace, stability, progress and development and
that India stood for a peaceful solution of the ethnic conflict in
Sri Lanka where the aspirations of all communities were met within
the integrity and unity of Sri Lanka.
On 16 March 1987, India
presented its 8th and 9th periodic reports to the Committee on the
Elimination of Racial Discrimination in accordance with its reporting
obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Members of the Committee
were briefed on the steps taken by India to combat apartheid, racism
and racial discriminati on both at the national and international
levels. Members of the Committee congra- tulated the Government of
India for the instructive and comprehensive report an d expressed
satisfaction at the results achieved.
In the forty-second Session
of the UN General Assembly, India continued to play an important role
in the deliberations of the Third Committee, which adopt -
ed 72 resolutions out of which 52 resolutions were
adopted without vote and 20 by recorded votes. India co-sponsored,
among others, resolutions relating to th e future work of the
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the United
Nations Working Group on Migrant Workers, resolutions calling for
humanitarian assistance to Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia, and a
procedural resolution welcoming the appointment of the Special
Rapporteur to investigate "Mercenarism". India also co-sponsored a
resolution on "Right to Development".
A traditional resolution
initiated by India on "National institutions for the p ro- motion
and protection of human rights" attracted far more co-sponsors this year
and was adopted by consensus in the General Assembly.
Elections to UN Bodies and other International Organizations
India's role in the United Nations was reflected in the results of
elections to important bodies. India was elected to the Economic
and Social Council and to the Committee for Programme and
Coordination, securing in both cases the highest number of votes among
candidates from the Asian Group. Earlier in the year, India was
also elected to the Commission on Human
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Settlements, the
Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the Executive Board of UNICEF and the
Com- mittee on Transnational Corporations. India's Permanent
Representative to the UN was elected Chairman of the Commission on
Transnational Corporations. India also successfully contested
elections to the following international bodies : the Council of the
International Maritime Organisation, the Programme and Budget
Committee of the United Nations Industrial Development Organiza- tion
(UNIDO), and the Council of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
of the UN. India's nominee for the post of Executive Director of the
Internatio nal Centre for Public Enterprises, an
inter-governmental organization based in Yugo - slavia, also
successfully contested the election for the post.
Activities of
the Non-Aligned Movement Even after handing over the Chairmanship
of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to Zimbabwe in September 1986, the
Indian role and activity in the Movement has remained at a high pitch.
India worked closely with the other member countries to create
consensus within the Movement on major inter- national issues. India
also emphasised that the Movement should play an in-
creasingly active role on global economic issues,
particularly those concern - ing the developing countries. India
actively participated in various meetings or- ganised during the
period under review.
The Extraordinary Ministerial Meeting of the
Coordinating Bureau of the Non-aligned countries on Latin America and
Caribbean issues was held in Georgetown, Guyana, from 9 to 13 March
1987. India was among the two Asian countries who attended at the
level of the Minister for External Affairs. India 's presence was
highly appreciated and remarked upon as symbolic of the importance
that India attaches to this region. The Ministerial Meeting of the
NAM Committee of Nine on Palestine was held at Harare on 14 and 15
April 1987. The Indian delegation was led by the then Minister for
External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari. The meeting was addresse d by
Mr. Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO). It adopted a declaration focussing on
the conven - ing of an International Peace Conference on the
Middle East.
India was also an active participant at the
Extraordinary Ministerial Con- ference on South-South Cooperation held
at Pyongyang, the Democratic People's
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Republic of Korea
(DPRK), from 9 to 13 June 1987. The meeting undertook an overall
review of the present status of South-South Cooperation and consider ed appropriate measures to speed-up implementation of existing action
program- mes of the Non-aligned and other developing countries and
future approaches and policies aimed at increasing cooperation.
India also participated in a delegation of the NAM Committee on
Central America which went to Managua and Caracas from 20 to 23 August
1987, to ex press the solidarity and the support of the Movement for
the Contradora pro- cess and the regional peace initiative
symbolised by the Guatemala Accord. The delegation was led by the
Zimbabwean Foreign Minister.
The meeting of the Ministers' and the
Heads of delegation of the Non- aligned countries to the forty-second
session of the United Nations General Assembly was held at New York
from 5 to 7 October 1987. The meeting adopted a communique with a view
to facilitate the coordination of positions and action s of the
members of the Movement during the General Assembly.
The NAM Standing Ministerial Committee for Economic
Cooperation of which India is a member, met at Pyongyang in June 1987
and subsequently at New York in October 1987. Its mandate, inter alia,
is to strengthen and broaden the position of the Non-aligned and
other developing countries in regard to multilateral economic cooperation.
An important development during the year under review was the
obtaining of the 30 required signatures for the operationalisation of
the NAM Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and
other developing countries in New Delhi.
Commonwealth Summit
Conference at Vancouver India continued to play an active role in
the Commonwealth of Nations. The Vancouver Summit, in which the
Prime Minister of India participated, undertook a comprehensive
review of the international political and economic situation.
The Summit demonstrated the Commonwealth's determination for a
continued thrust and momentum in the campaign against apartheid. It
adopted a broad framework for the programme of action on Southern
Africa which includes, inter alia, continued efforts for
universalisation of sanction against South Africa, moni- toring and
evaluation of sanctions on a continuous basis, commissioning of an
expert study on Southern Africa's relationship with the
international financial systems, call to the international
community to provide material assistance to the Frontline and
neighbouring States and, in particular, the setting up of a speci al
Fund to provide technical assistance to Mozambique, efforts for
promoting real
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internal dialogue
and increasing Commonwealth contacts with South Africans of
differing view points and high priority to counteracting South
African propa- ganda and censorship. An eight-member Foreign
Ministers' Committee, which includes India as a member, was set up to
ensure continuing momentum and follow-up on the programme of action on
South Africa.
The other major positive results of the Summit were,
the Commonwealth's disapproval of the events in Fiji based on racial
overtones and acknowledgement
|
that Fiji's
membership of the Commonwealth lapsed with the emergence of a
republic; acclamation of the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement as an act of the
highest statesmanship which would ensure regional peace and
stability; a declaration on world trade which expressed concern on
global protectionist barriers and under-
scored
the need to give special consideration to the interests of the develo
ping countries ; and progress in Commonwealth functional
cooperation, in particular, the decision to establish a
Commonwealth University and College net-work in the field of Distance
Education.
International Law : Development and Activities
During the year under review, India was successful in concluding
an Extra- dition Treaty with Canada which was signed in February
1987 in New Delhi and subsequently ratified. The Indo-Canadian Treaty
is a unique and most recent extradition treaty which India has
signed and ratified, Many of its provisions were formulated with a
view to combating problems relating to terrorism and it also provides
for a framework for promoting expeditious extradition between the
two countries. A significant feature of the treaty relates to
identificatio n of certain grave offences like offences against
civil aviation, hijacking, hostage - taking, kidnapping, damage to
property or disruption of public facilities ail offences relating
to fire-arms, weapons, explosives or dangerous substances, wh ich
shall be regarded as terroristic and not as political for purposes of
extraditi on.
Another significant feature of the Extradition
Treaty with Canada is that, breaking away from the previous
tradition of listing extraditable offences, it adopts a 'no list'
method whereby any conduct constituting an offence punishabl e by
the laws of both the contracting States by a term of imprisonment for a
peri od of more than one year is designated as an extraditable
offence.
Yet another significant feature of the Treaty is that
even if the request for extradition may be refused by the requested
State, the person whose extra- dition is sought may be tried for
the extradition offence in its own Courts. However, in deciding
whether or not to refuse a request for extradition, the re -
quested State shall consider which contracting State has felt or will
feel the effects or consequences of the offence more gravely or
immediately.
During the year under review, yet another landmark in
combating terrorism at a regional level was taken when the seven SAARC
countries signed a Regional Convention on Suppression of Terrorism
at the Third SAARC Summit held in Kathmandu, Nepal, on 4 November
1987. The SAARC Convention is conceived as an umbrella Convention
which incorporates in Article I the same list of seri ous offences
as are contained in the Indo-Canadian Treaty to identify them as
terroristic offences which for purposes of
extradition shall not be treate d as political. The SAARC
Convention also provides that any processing of the reques t of
extradition between any two parties shall be in accordance with the laws
and regulations of the requested State. It also specifies that the
requested State shall have absolute discretion to refuse
extradition for reasons specified in Article VII of the
Convention.
The SAARC Convention signed in Kathmandu on 4 November
1987, is subject to ratification by all the States before it comes
into effect. India, l ike the other member states of SAARC, is
examining its laws with a view to giving full effect to the
provisions of the SAARC Convention before it could ratify the same.
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
(UNCITRAL) held its twentieth session in Vienna from 20 July to 14
August 1987. At this session, the Commission adopted a Draft
Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International
Promissory Notes and a Legal Guide on Drawing up International
Contracts for Construction of Industrial Works. India played an
active part in the negotiations and drafting of the Draft Convention and
the Legal Guide.
The Draft Convention comprises 91
articles and is designed to overcome difficulties arising from the
present disparities between major legal systems o f the world by
establishing universally acceptable legal rules for new bills of excha
nge and promissory notes which trading parties and banks could use
in their credit of financing transactions. It proposes a
self-contained system of negotiable in stru- ments and attempts to
minimise departures from the contents of existing princip al
systems-civil law and common law. When the systems differ, a choice or
com- promise between the divergent rules has been made on the basis of
current commercial practice and needs. The new convention would allow
international bills of exchange and promissory notes to be denominated
as payable in monetary uints of account such as Special Drawing
Rights (SDRs).
It would also allow those instruments to have floating
interest rates, varying according to market conditions thus
permitting them to qualify as negotiable instruments. The Legal
Guide is designed to assist persons involved in the drafting and
negotiations of industrial works. It reviews the full range of issues
arising i n connection with the construction of industrial works
from the initial stages of
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a project to its
completion and suggests ways in which those issues might be dealt with
in the contract. The discussions in the Legal Guide and the solution s
recommended therein are intended to achieve a
balance between the interests of the parties to the contract and
to enable the parties, especially developing countries, to formulate
equitable contractual provisions. Although the UNCITRAL had
recommended that the Draft Convention be adopted through a resolution
by the General Assembly, the Sixth Committee decided to refer the
Draft Convention for examination by a Working Group of Experts.
At its twentysixth session held at New York from 16 March to 3
April 1987, the Legal Sub-Committee of the Committee on the Peaceful
Uses of Outer Space continued its discussion on draft principles
relating to the use of nucle ar power sources in outer space and
matters relating to the definition and delimit a- tion of outer
space and the character and utilisation of the geostationary orbi t.
Welcoming the draft principles on the use of nuclear power sources
in the working paper submitted by Canada, India expressed the hope
that a consensus would emerge regarding their adoption. According to
these draft principles, States launching space objects with nuclear
power sources on board would bear international responsibility for
their activities, and would be internationally liable to pay
compensation for damage caused by those space objects.
During the
discussions on definition and delimitation of outer space, India
stressed that it was a necessary step to achieve a clear
distinction between the legal regime of airspace, with its
inherent features of State sovereignty, terr itorial integrity and
security, and that of the outer space regime in which outer space
treaties applied.
Regarding the use of the geostationary
orbit, India reiterated its view that, being a limited natural
resource, this orbit should be used for the benefit of all mankind
and that all countries should have equal and equitable access to it as
opposed to the currently prevailing first-come-first-served
system. India also stressed the urgent need to develop criteria
and arrangements for the rational and equitable use of the
geostationary orbit and the radio frequency spectrum based on the
genuine needs of all countries, present and future.
The General
Assembly in 1986, vide Resolution 41164, asked the Legal Sub-Committee
to recommend the choice of a new item for inclusion on its
agenda. The Group of 77 reiterated its request for a
new item on "Legal aspe cts related to the access of States to the
benefits derived from the exploration ad d utilisation of outer
space". In all, five proposals were made, but the Sub-Com- mittee
could not reach agreement on any one of them.
At its thirty-nineth
Session held in Geneva from 4 May to 17 July 1987, the International
Law Commission dealt with the Draft Code of Offences against Peace
and Security of Mankind, non-navigable uses of international rivers, inte
r- national liability for injurious activities not prohibited by
international law , the second part of the topic of the relations
between States and international orga - nisations and the
programme and working methods of the ILC.
On the basis of the
fifth Report submitted to it, the Commission was able to refer certain
draft Articles to the Drafting Committee. The Drafting Com- mittee was
able to finalise some Articles and postponing others due to lack of
time. During this Session, the question of establishing an
International Criminal Cou rt with an optional jurisdiction was
discussed with some members including the Indian member expressing
doubts about the desirability and acceptability of establishing such a
Court.
On the question of non-navigable uses of international
rivers, the Com- mission discussed the Third Report submitted by the
Special Rapporteur on certain procedural questions dealing with the
duty to cooperate, notification, ex- change of data and
information in the case of projects likely to cause serious,
adverse or appreciable harm to the co-riparian State and
settlement of disputes . The view was expressed by some members,
including the Indian members, that the duty to cooperate should
not be construed in vacuum and should be treated as having reciprocal
obligations and that the duty to notify, exchange data and in -
formation should be subject to the more fundamental principle of
sovereignty of a State over its natural resources and the duty to
avoid legal harm to the, co- riparian State and that the principle
of settlement of disputes should be subje ct to the State's right
to have free choice of means.
The question of liability was
discussed on the basis of the Third Report submitted by the Special
Rapporteur which proposed that the State of Origin of
| |
an accident should owe liability for all the damages or consequences arising ou
t
of it provided it has the knowledge or the means to know that the activity in
question is carried out within its territory or in areas within its control and
that
it created an appreciable risk causing trans-boundary injury. This concept of
liability received criticism from different perspectives. The Indian member hel
d
344 EA/88--11
the view that in the case of the operation of multi-national corporations wi
thin a
State, particularly developing countries which had no means to control the acti
-
vities of such corporations or compel them to share all relevant information, t
he
liability should be placed more at the door-step of the multi-national corporat
ions
itself. The subject of the relations between States and international organisat
ions
dealt with an outline submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the privileges and
immunities of the organisation, of officials, and of experts and special missio
ns
for, or persons having official business with the organisation.
The Drafting Committee during the course of this Session dealt with the
draft Articles on the Draft Code and non-navigational uses of international wat
er
courses.
The Commission also discussed the rationalisation of its working methods including the need to develop target based programmes for the entire five years
so that work could be completed on several of the pending topics before it.
The item on International Terrorism was subject to lengthy and intricate
debate in the Sixth Committee (Legal) of the UN General Assembly because of
the Syrian proposal for convening a conference to define international terroris
m
and to distinguish it from the struggle of peoples for national liberation. The
re were prolonged negotiations among the West Europeans, the East Europeans and
the Non-aligned relating to the draft resolution on the item. As a result, a si
ngle
draft resolution was prepared reflecting the viewpoints of the three groups aft
er
giving due weight to the Syrian proposal. It was adopted by the Sixth Committee
by a vote of 128 in favour, 1 against and one abstention.
The draft resolution is considered to be a victory for the Non-aligned coun- |
tries in that A recognizes that the effectiveness of the struggle against terro
rism
could be enhanced by establishing a generally agreed definition of internationa
l
terrorism. It urges all States to fulfil their obligations under international
law
and take effective and resolute measures for the speedy and final elimination o
f
international terrorism. Taking into account the proposals made during the fort
y-
second session of the General Assembly to hold an international conference on
international terrorism, the resolution requests the Secretary-General to seek
the
views of member states on international terrorism in all its aspects and on way
s
and means of combating it, including, inter alia, the convening, under the aus-
pices of the United Nations, of an international conference to deal with inter-
national terrorism.
The subject of non-use of force was under consideration of the General
Assembly of the United Nations since 1976. The General Assembly in 1978,
constituted a Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Principle
s
of Non-Use of Force in International Relations. The Special Committee was
charged with the task of preparing the draft of a treaty on the subject, as req
uested
by the USSR. Since then opinions were highly divided in the Special Com- |
mittee as to whether it is advisable for the Special Committee to engage in the
task of drafting a treaty on the subject. In 1986-87, the preponderant opinion
in
the Special Committee was in favour of preparing a declaration on the subject a
nd
not a treaty. After extensive consideration, a draft of a declaration was prepa
red
by the Special Committee and submitted to the United Nations General
Assembly.
On 18 November 1987, the declaration was adopted by the General
Assembly without a vote. The declaration states that every State had a duty to
refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of force against
the
territorial integrity or political independence of another State. It further st
ates that
no consideration of whatever nature could be invoked to warrant such a threat
or use of force and that States must fulfil their obligation under internationa
l law
to refrain from organising, instigating, assisting or participating in paramili
tary,
terrorist or subversive acts, including acts of mercenaries.
During 1987, India concluded 74 treaties and agreements of which a list
is given at Appendix III. Of particular importance is the Indo-Burmese Maritime
Boundary Agreement which was signed in Rangoon on 23 December 1986 and
which came into force with effect from 14 September 1987, upon exchange of
Instruments of Ratification in New Delhi.
pg68
|
Foreign Economic Relations
|
Top |
CHAPTER IX
FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
World Economic Situation
The world economy is on the verge of recession with only a modest expan-
sion in recent years. The slow growth path is evident from the rates of growth
of output which declined somewhat from 3% in 1985 to 2.8% in 1986. Trade
continued at 4% growth in 1986; commodity prices declined further; new lend-
ing, to developing countries has contracted and debt service has |
become even mo
re
difficult. Recent figures indicate that the total debt of developing countries
reached US $ 1.1 trillion by the end of 1986.
The continuing stagnation of capital flows to developing countries resulted
in a net transfer of resources of around US $ 30 billion in the fiscal year 198
6,from South to North. Official Development Assistance (ODA) remained below
half the internationally agreed level of 0.7%.
Many developing countries experienced a decline in per capita income and
the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developing countries as a group came
down to 3.6% in 1986 from 4.2% in 1985.
The Asian economies continued to out-perform the rest of the developing
world with a GDP increase rate of almost 6% in the medium term, according
to IMF reports.
The fall in the oil prices and interest rates have offered some relief altho
ugh the forecasts of a consequent recovery in overall global economic growth have
not proved accurate. The real interest rates moreover stand at historically hig
h
levels.
The exchange rates, despite some stabilisation of the US dollar and inter-
vention by the major industrialised countries, in the currency markets remained
uncertain and unstable. Policy coordination among the large industrialised coun -
tries has been strengthened although the focus seems to be more on exchange rat
es
stabilisation. while solutions are required on a wide variety of macro-economic
policies together with surveillance in a process in which developing countries
also
have a say. The scope for more expansionary macro-economic policies in the
developed market economies as a whole, led by the surplus countries, is now
beyond reasonable doubt. Inflation has been surmounted and inadequate demand |
is placing constraints on investment. The need for growth in surplus countries
has been accepted. Japan has recently announced a major new programme of
public expenditure. Other countries should follow suit or adjust their policies
accordingly.
The Wall Street crash of October 1987 proved the consequences of conti-
nuing large deficits in the budget and trade balance of the USA. The US appears
to be moving now towards greater seriousness in reducing budget deficits. How- ever, unless measures are taken to stimulate growth and expansion in the South
and not only in the surplus countries, the recessionary trends may continue.
Protectionism has continued to increase despite repeated declarations of
governments and the agreement to launch the new round of Multilateral Trade
Negotiations (MTNs). Recent months have witnessed a significant escalation of
trade disputes and "gray area measures". The underlying causes included tech-
nological change, subsidies to production, past exchange rates misalignment and
most important, slow growth in global income and expenditure.
Growth in international trade in services has matched the growth of trade
in goods with information based business services expanding more rapidly than
traditional ones.
Arresting the continuing slide in commodity prices is a task of considerable
urgency and the pace of world economic recovery would play a crucial role in |
nological change, subsidies to production, past exchange rates misalignment and
most important, slow growth in global income and expenditure.
Growth in international trade in services has matched the growth of trade
in goods with information based business services expanding more rapidly than
traditional ones.
Arresting the continuing slide in commodity prices is a task of considerable
urgency and the pace of world economic recovery would play a crucial role in this regard. Similarly, arresting of protectionism would also require a faster
growth.
Substantive flows of financial resources for development from surplus
countries to developing countries, has secured a broad consensus. Japan has
already announced a programme for recycling US $ 30 billion over 3 years,
mainly to the indebted developing countries.
A new wave of scientific and technological revolution in process in the
global economy is fundamentally transforming the socioeconomic life of nations
with very significant implications, potentials, challenges and opportunities fo
r
the South. Amazingly rapid advances ranging from superconductivity to the
optical fibre, the micro-chip to the bio-chip and a host of related development
s
herald an era in which-these new science and technologies would be the principa
l factors in growth, production and development.
Given also the key and emerging co-relationship between technology, trade
and production, the growth and development process with orderly adjustment
would necessitate enhanced international cooperation in this area.
The inter-dependence between North and South is now widely recognised
and them is evidence that this is on the increase. Developed and developing
countries have, however, been transmitting slow growth to each other. The
drop in exports to the South has been the main reason for the slowing down of growth in developed market economy countries and the further rise in unemploy-
ment.
Both short and long term action and measures are required for stimulat-
ing growth and development as well as addressing the structural and systemic
issues and problems between developed and developing countries. The develop-
ment process must, however, form an integral part of these endeavours.
Multilateral Economic Relations
The Seventh and Eighth NAM Summits at New Delhi and Harare had |
proposed constructive and pragmatic approaches for the revival of growth and
development through multilateral cooperation and for arresting the retreat from
multilateralism for development. These also proposed, at the same time,
longer term structural reforms towards the attainment of the New International
Economic Order (NIEO). Reforms in the global and inter-related systems of
money, finance, debt, trade, technology and development are, called for. Macro-
economic policies of key industrialised countries need to be consistent and
coordinated with the objective of stimulating demand and providing growth
impulses to the world economy.
A wide measure of consensus now exists that coordination in promoting
exchange rates stability must be accompanied by more fundamental shifts in
macro-policies for these to be meaningful ; that the USA must reduce budget
deficits and that the FRG and Japan, the surplus countries must expand demand.
Some moves in this direction were being made and the shocks of the Wall Street
crash has led --- more serious moves on the part of the US for reduction of the
budget deficit.
The Venice Summit of industrialised nations of May 1987, reiterated the
commitment to continue and strengthen the process of promoting coordination
of macro-economic policies of the key industrialised nations with enhanced
surveillance as well as resolved to progress towards the target of 0.7% of GNP
as ODA. Some welcome progress has been achieved in this regard especially
in reducing exchange rate misalignment. More concrete actions in pursuit of
these commitments are called for. The recent consensus at the IMF-World
Banks meetings for a General Capital increase in the World Bank's resources
Is also a welcome development as is the agreement on an enhanced International
Development Association VIII (IDA-VIII). The IMF should improve "condi-
tionality" to growth oriented criteria and provide for enhanced liquidity ; the
World Bank's resource base should be strengthened and exchange rate stability
ensured. The phenomenon of net reverse outflow of resources from South to
North should be treated reversed. The Commonwealth Summit stressed the
desirability of substantially increased net outflows from developed to developi
ng
countries for greater support to growth-oriented adjustment and development.
The, overall objective of the developing countries as put forward at the Sevent
h
NAM Summit of New Delhi for a comprehensive reform of the global monetary
and financial system through an International Conference on Money and Finance
for Development remains valid. Despite considerable work in the IMF and
the World Bank on possible reforms or improvements in the system by the G-24
and G-10, very little progress has been made in this direction.
The UNCTAD-VII Conference which was held in August 1987, |
presented
some positive elements in areas relating to resource transfers, commodities,
trade and external debt. Effective follow-up is needed.
In the resources area, on debt, there were detailed negotiations concerning
the debt strategy and how the treatment of the debt crisis could be improved,
An agreement was reached on the strategy for the debt problem which was
recognised to be a shared responsibility. This strategy had three elements which
included for the first time the responsibility by major market economy countrie
s
to improve through suitable policies the international economic environment ;
the second element was adjustment by the debtor country concerned which it
was agreed, should be growth-oriented ; the third element was renewed and
increased financial flows from the creditors.
On financial flows, the ODA targets were reaffirmed and official creditors
as well as banks were urged to increase financial flows. A call was made for meeting expeditiously by donors, their commitment for the IDA-VIII replenish-
ment and for ensuring that IDA terms and conditions remain highly conces-
sional.
On commodities, the most important development was the decision by the
USSR to rectify the Common Fund. This led to renewed interest in the possi-
bility of its being made operational and encouraged several other countries
including Ivory Coast, Peru, the Ecuador to announce their ratification, or in-
tention to do so, bringing it close to operationalization.
In the international trade sector a mandate was given to the UNCTAD on
elaborating proposals to strengthen the international trading system including
the implicit notion of establishing an International Trading Organisation for
which UNCTAD could itself provide the nucleus. The conference also called
for reviewing and strengthening UNCTAD's mandate to carry out work on
services in the context of the Uruguay Round of MTN and there was also a
reaffirmation of "roll-back" and "stand-still" within the UNCTAD and an
affirmation that the existing multilateral commitments would not be made
conditional on new concessions in other sectors.
The new round of multilateral trade negotiations remains the single most
important forum for the large part of the international community to strengthen
and liberalize the global trading system with due regard to concerns and intere
sts
of the South and to improve the GATT machinery. The issue of services
requires some detailed expert studies on definitional and statistical aspects t
o |
improve the database in the first instance. Services of interest to the third w
orld
need to be addressed and the developmental dimensions of this issue should be
central to the discussion of services. Cross-linkages between goods and service
s
should be avoided consistent with the consensus reached at the UNCTAD-VII
and the Uruguay Ministerial Compromise for separation of pods and services
in the new Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN)--the hitter outside the GAT
T
framework. Full respect for national legislations and socioeconomic priorities
and objectives in any consideration of this issue, will be of essence. The issu
e
of technology transfer needs to be addressed in tandem with the new MTN,
especially since many services are highly technology intensive and issues relat
ing
to intellectual property are being taken up.
In the light of rapid developments in the services issues and their importan
t
implications for the South, we have suggested that the newly established South
Commission examine the full implications of these developments for useful
inputs to the positions of the developing countries, since services are a relat
ively
new areas where rapid changes are taking place.
The USA has proposed a GATT based intellectual property agreement,
covering goods and services which would effectively amend the existing Paris
Convention of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), seeking
to extend their coverage and make norms more mandatory ; many developing
countries have been critical as these go beyond the jurisdiction of the GATT.
India has rejected these, calling for such issues to be dealt with in WIPO.
The Commonwealth Summit of October 1987 adopted a declaration, on
World Trade highlighting that special consideration be given to developing
countries in the New Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN).
|
India has taken initiatives to facilitate the enhancement of the capacities
of the South to adapt and develop new science and technologies through a NAM
and G-77 Conference to meet in New Delhi in May 1988. It also took the
initiative in the United Nations to commence a new process of international
cooperation for sharing the fruits of these scientific and technological develo
p-
ments for the promotion of peace and a better quality of life, especially for
Committee on Science and Technology which was held in August 1987, at our
initiative, a Resolution was adopted by consensus seeking programmes, projects
for shared development and cooperation in research, information and training
technology forecasting and assessment in New and Emerging Science and
Technology (NEST).
With a view to revitalising the strategies of the South in international
economic cooperation and enriching its negotiating platform, the Eighth NAM
344 EA/88--12
developing countries. During the nineth Session of the UN Inter-Governmental Summit had approved the establishment of a Standing Ministerial Committee
of NAM with a little over 25 members from Asia, Africa, Latin America and
Europe. The Committee has held two meetings in 1987.
South-South cooperation has evolved as a major objective of the Non-
Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 (developing countries) for the attainment
of collective self-reliance and economic independence and for enhancing the
leverage of the South in the world economy and in international economic
relations as an important part of efforts to establish the New International
Economic Order (NIEO). |
The key issues in the programmes of cooperation of the South are
(i) science and technology, especially new and high science and technologies an
d
Technical Cooperation Among Developing Countries (TCDC), (ii) Global System
of Trade Preferences, (iii) regional and inter-regional payments and clearing
arrangements for financing trade, (iv) galvanising of information, exchange
arrangements-Multi Sectoral Information Network and expansion of Research
and Information System (RIS).
The setting up of an Independent Commission of the South for develop-
ment issues can provide positive inputs on important economic issues. The
Commission has commenced functioning with its Headquarters located in Geneva.
Dr. Manmohan Singh, former Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission,
has been appointed Secretary-General. There are 28 members, all eminent
personalities from developing countries, including Shrimati Devki Jain from
India. It has received pledges for contributions totalling almost US $ 5 millio
n
from around 18 countries. India is the largest contributor having paid US $
400,000 to the South Commission Fund.
The Commission has formally commenced functioning with a first meeting
held recently from 2 to Oct 05, 1987. The next meeting of the Commission
will take place in March 1988 in Kuala Lumpur.
We have informally provided inputs to the Secretary-General that while
development experiences of the South as well as future prospects be reviewed
and assessed, the principal theme of the Commission may more usefully be facilitating the attainment of collective self-reliance of the South and provid
ing
suggestions for revitalising the North-South dialogue to enable an improved
external environment for development. We have made several suggestions
regarding the issues to be considered in the work programme.
Intensive efforts are underway within the Group of 77 to implement the
Caracas Programme of Action in eight spheres of economic activities. One of
the important initiatives taken under the ECDC, in which considerable progress |
has been made, is the establishment of the Global System of Trade Preferences
(GSTP) for which negotiations have already begun. Over 60 developing
countries have so far signified their willingness to join the negotiations and
arrive at expanding, creating and diversifying intra-South trade based on
preferential arrangements. The negotiations would cover not only tariff but
also non-tariff barriers and direct trade measures, i.e., long term contracts e
tc.The proposal for a NAM Centre on Science and Technology was initiated
around a decade ago (in 1975) for providing a firm foundation to NAM's
efforts at collective self-reliance in this important area. India's offer to ho
st
the Centre was accepted in 1978. The NAM Coordinating Bureau also finalised
and adopted the Statute of the Centre in 1985.
The Statute required a minimum of 30 signatures for its entry into force
as well as ratification. To enable an early operationalisation of the Centre we
launched a massive diplomatic campaign to lobby for obtaining the required
signatures as well as simplifying procedure to enable its entry into force on a
provisional basis. These efforts reached a successful outcome at the recent NAM
Ministerial Conference on South-South Cooperation at Pyongyang which was
held in June 1987. We are now in the process of inviting nominations to the
Governing Council to enable its constitution and its first meeting in New Delhi
daring 1988-89.
According to the Statute, the Centre will seek to promote collaboration among scientists and technologists from developing countries and will assist in
establishing links between nations and technology. It is envisaged that the
Centre will have a mobilising and catalytic role. Its main task would be to
function as a clearing house of information on technological needs, capacities
of the South, maintain a registry of scientific and technical experts and appoi
nt
panels of outstanding experts for preparing state-of-art reports on technologie
s
of direct relevance to developing countries. India will be hosting the first Inter-Governmental Consultative Conference
of Experts on new and high technologies of interested Non-aligned and deve-
loping countries at New Delhi in May 1988. Invitations have been sent to 25
developing Countries in August 1987 together with the agenda and theme paper
of the Conference. A Technology Pool of the South for collective research,
development and application of science and technologies, information and dat
a
exchange and cooperative arrangements for training and consultancy ; a Pre-
ferential Technology Arrangement for facilitating transfer and exchange of
technologies within the South and an Inter-Governmental Consultative Group of
new and high science and technologies to meet on a continuing basis, have been
proposed by us. These have already secured a broad endorsement at the
South-South conference of NAM Ministers at Pyongyang in June 1987.
At the nineth Session of the UN Inter-Governmental Committee for Science-
and Technology (August, 1987), the international community adopted by consensus, our proposal that South-South cooperation be accorded priority in
the programmes and projects of the UN Centre for Science and Technology
and the UN Fund for Science and Technology.
NAM Ministers met at Pyongyang in June 1987, to review the entire gamut
of issues and activities in the South-South cooperation. Among the more
important features of the outcome of the conference was that the decision to,
operationalise the NAM Centre on Science and Technology in New Delhi and
the endorsement and welcoming of our initiative in new and high science and
technologies. It also made significant recommendations in regard to regional
and inter-regional payment and clearing arrangements for expanded trade ;
and political support to important exercises such as the Global System of Trade
Preferences (GSTP) and the Research and Information System (RIS).
It reviewed the, progress in the implementation of the decision of the New
Delhi Ministerial Meeting and the Harare Summit to rationalize and streamline
the Action Programme for Economic Cooperation of NAM, compressing the 23
sectors of cooperation to 13, taking into account the |
inter-relationships of is
sues.
Harmonisation and coordination of activities between G-77 and NAM were also
furthered.
The annual review of the Caracas Programme of Action on South-South
cooperation has recently been undertaken at Havana at the Inter-Governmental
Follow-up and Coordination Committee-VI (IFCC-VI), meeting from 7 to 12
September 1987.
The meeting conducted a sectoral review of the 8 spheres of economic
cooperation in the Caracas Programme of Action, namely, trade,technology,
food and agriculture, energy, raw materials, finance, industrialisation and tec
h-
nical cooperation and made recommendations with a view to providing stimulus
to the more worthwhile activities in South-South cooperation for concrete
results.
Bilateral Cooperation through ITEC
India's commitment to promote cooperation, in the spirit of South-South cooperation, with the other developing countries of the world in Africa, Asia
and Latin America, found expression in the bilateral scheme of assistance under
the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme operated
by the Ministry of External Affairs. This bilateral programme of assistance
supplements other multilateral schemes such as the Colombo Plan and the
Special Commonwealth African Assistance Programme. The ITEC
Programme which was launched in 1964 with a modest outlay of Rs. 4.61 lakhs,
has steadily expanded over the years to cover, presently, over 60 countries in
Africa, Asia and Latin America, with a budgetary outlay of over Rs. 12 crores.
The salient features of the ITEC Programme are : providing technical
training in India to the nominees of the developing, countries in various field
s,
deploying Indian Experts to developing countries to assist them in upgrading,
the skills of their technicians and experts, undertaking feasibility and techno
-
economic studies, sponsoring visits of Indian experts/delegations to developing
countries to provide consultancy services and of experts of developing countrie
s
to India to study our technical, economic and industrial projects and progress,
organising workshops and special training programmes, execution of various
projects and supply of equipment.
As in previous years, during 1987-88 also, 700 slots were earmarked for
nominees of developing countries for training in Indian institutions. Nearly 15
0
Indian experts were placed in developing countries on short or long term
assignments.
Some of the ITEC activities during 1987-88 of which mention may be
made, have been
The Fourth Session of the Indo-Mauritian Joint Commission on Economic,
Technical and Cultural Cooperation held in Mauritius from 20 to
22 July 1987. Under the Agreed Minutes, India agreed to provide to
Mauritius techno-economic assistance of the value of Rs. 100 million.
The important projects taken up for assistance during the year are the construction and equipping of the Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital and
the equipping of the Subrahmaniya Bharati Eye Hospital.
Among the other significant socioeconomic and industrial infrastructure
projects accepted for implementation under the ITEC Programme during the
year are :
(a) Construction and equipping of the Indira Gandhi Institute of Child
Health--expansion Project--in Kabul ;
(b) Provision of medical equipment to the hospital in Kampuchea and
the restoration and preservation of the Angkor Vat Temple in Kampuchea
(c) Supply of equipment for the Buffalo and Forage Research Centre and
Rice Research Centre in Vietnam;
(d) Setting up of Pilot Weaving Centre and Water Development and
Management Project in Ethiopia
(e) Setting up of an Electronic Design Centre Laboratory in Thailand,
and
(f) Several other projects in a number of developing countries.
Some of the other notable ITEC activities during 1987-88 have been : (a) A three-member team of experts from the National Small Industries
Corporation (NSIC) was deputed to Aden (PDRY) to conduct feasi-
bility studies for the setting up of an Industrial Estate-cum-Training
Centre ;
(b) An expert in bio-gas technology Was deputed to Uganda to conduct a
feasibility study on the setting up of bio-gas units there
(c) A two-member team of Indian Railways was deputed to Mozambique
to participate in a workshop on Computerized Wagon Control
(d) A two-member NSIC team was deputed to the Philippines to advise
them on the setting up of Small Scale Units ; |
pg79
(e) A three-member team visited Vietnam to examine and review the
functioning of the Buffalo and Forage Research Centre and the Rice
Research Centre ;
(f) A three-member medical specialists team visited Aden (PDRY) for
special treatment of patients there ;
(g) An expert in textile technology was deputed to Nicaragua to examine
and advise the Nicaraguan authorities on the modernization of their
textile mills.
A two-member team of experts from Nicaragua visited India to study
various industrial fields to identify projects for bilateral cooperation.
The Ministry of External Affairs also assisted foreign Governments in
recruiting Indian experts on a bilateral basis. It also made its contribution
towards the promotion of Indian economic interests through its representation
in bodies such as the Inter-Ministerial Joint Venture Committee, the EXIM
Bank, the Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation (ECGC), the Federation
of Indian Engineering Organisation (FIEO), the Indian Institute of Foreign
Trade (IIFT), the Project and Equipment Corporation (PEC), the Overseas
Construction Council of India (OCCI), the Educational Consultants India Ltd.
(EDCIL) and the Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation India Ltd.
(HSCCIL).
pg80
Oct 05, 1987
|
Policy Planning And Research |
Top |
CHAPTER X
POLICY PLANNING AND RESEARCH
The Policy Planning Division of the Ministry continued to function under
the overall guidance of Foreign Secretary and the supervision of an Additional
Secretary. During the year under review, the Policy Planning Division interacte
d
with other Divisions of the Ministry and the officials participated on a regula
r
basis in inter-Ministerial and inter-departmental meetings.
The Policy Planning Division continued to maintain active contacts with
the Area Study Centres of various Universities specializing in international af
fairs.
Among the Seminars and Symposia, which were partly financed by the Policy
Planning Division, particular mention may be made of the following
(i) A conference on "Media and the Struggle against Apartheid" was or-
ganized from 26 to May 27, 1987 by the NAMEDIA Foundation in
New Delhi. It was attended by 90 distinguished journalists and media
personalities from India and Africa. One of the main objectives of the
Seminar was to create increased awareness about the struggle being
waged against apartheid by the black majority of South Africa. In the
concluding session, the Seminar was addressed by the then Minister for
External Affairs, Shri N. D. Tiwari. The participants issued
by consensus a statement called the "New Delhi Media Statement
Against Apartheid", at the conclusion of the Seminar.
(ii) A Seminar on "NRI's (Non-Resident Indians) in the Gulf' was organis-
ed in Goa by the Economic Development Corporation of Goa from 6
to 7 June 1987 to discuss the problems regarding NRI investments in
India.
(iii) An Anti-Apartheid Meeting was held in Goa on 8 June 1987, organis-
ed by the Anti-Apartheid Committee of Goa. This was inaugurated
by Shri Eduardo Faleiro, the then Minister of State for External Affairs.
An exhibition was also organised by the DAVP on the occasion. The
meeting was also attended by the Ambassador of SWAPO and the
Chief Representative of ANC in India.
(iv) A Seminar was organised in New Delhi by the Indian Centre for
Studies on Indo-China, New Delhi, on the "Problems of Peace and
Security in Asia : Perception of countries of Indo-China" in July 1987.
The Seminar discussed the security problems facing the Indo-China
region from various dimensions.
(v) A Seminar on "Africa : Today & Tomorrow" by the Centre for East
African Studies, University of Bombay, was held from 5 to 7 October
1987 at Bombay. The Seminar dealt with the following themes : the
role of External Powers and the Apartheid System; Struggle against
Apartheid; Struggle for Freedom in Southern Africa-India's Contri-
butions; etc. The Seminar was inaugurated by Shri Eduardo Faleiro,
the then Minister of State for External Affairs, at the Bombay Univer-
sity.
(vi) A Young Afro-Asian Writers' Symposium was held from 22 to 26
October 1987 by the Afro-Asian Writers' Association in New Delhi.
The Symposium, inter alia, discussed the role of young writers and
scholars in highlighting the freedom struggle movement in the Afro-
Asian countries. It specifically discussed the role of Indian writers in
this context. The Conference was inaugurated by the Vice-President
and the valedictory address was delivered by the then Minister of
State for External Affairs, Shri Eduardo Faleiro.
(vii) A Seminar on "The Changing International Peace and Security
Scenario," was organised on 27 November 1987 by the India Inter-
national Centre, New Delhi. It was held on the occasion of the first
anniversary of the signing of the New Delhi Declaration of 26 Novem-
ber 1986 and focussed the attention on the international impact
produced by it.
Besides providing the underpinning for Foreign Policy issues with back-
ground notes from a historical perspective, the Historical Division also prepar
ed
a large number of research papers on topics of current international importance
.
In this endeavour, the Division maintained close liaison with various Divisions
of
the Ministry and other concerned Ministries and Departments of the Government
of India. Such interaction and interchange helped enhance the quality of the wo
rk
(tone in the Historical Division which in turn helped make available, the resul
t
of such studies, to Indian Missions abroad as well as to other Governmental
agencies.
344 EA/88--13
An important function of the Historical Division has been to examine the
depiction of India's external boundaries appearing in maps published abroad and
in India and to take remedial action in cases of incorrect depiction of boundar
ies.
The Division participated in all boundary talks with countries with which India
is seeking negotiated settlement of boundary issues.
To support the research efforts a well stocked Library exists which has over
one hundred thousand books and documents in its collection. During 1987 alone,
2140 books, 490 maps, 700 pamphlets and 54 reels of microfilm were added.
The Library subscribes to 563 periodicals (446 foreign and 117 Indian) besides
36 daily newspapers (23 foreign and 13 Indian). Back-files of The Hindu
(Madras), Bangladesh Observer (Dhaka), Daily Review, Izvestia and Pravda
(Moscow), Dawn (Karachi), Pakistan Times (Rawalpindi), Egyptian Gazette
(Cairo) Guardian (Rangoon), International Herald Tribune (Hong Kong),
Renmin Ribao and China Daily (Beijing), Sun (Colombo), Suna (Khartoum),
Standard (Nairobi) and the Times (London) are being maintained.
The Library is equipped with a microcomputer, a microfilm reader printer
and a plain paper photocopier.
From April 1986 the Library has initiated a computerisation of Documenta-
tion/Bibliographic Service. All new documents, books, periodicals, articles etc
.
are being fed into an in-house microcomputer to create Database on Foreign
Affairs. Using this Database, the Library provides Current Awareness Service
and bibliographical services. In addition the Library regularly issues a monthl
y
Chronicle of Events, a Foreign Affairs Documentation Bulletin and an annotated
monthly list of books added to the Library.
|
From June 1987, Loan Records of the Library are also being maintained
on the Microcomputer. During 1987 action has been initiated on the creation of
following Databases
*Statements on Foreign Affairs by PM/EAM/MOS/FS
*Country Notes
*List of Indian Treaties/Agreements in force.
May 27, 1987 |
External Publicity |
Top |
CHAPTER XI
EXTERNAL PUBLICITY
The year-long celebrations of the Fortieth Anniversary of India's Independ-
ence starting Aug 15, 1987 helped to give a new impetus to the already conti-
nuing efforts of the External Publicity (XP) Division to project the image of a
modem and dynamic India and to promote widespread awareness of India's
progress in diverse fields--economic, industrial, scientific and technological
besides its rich cultural heritage and the resilience of its democratic institu
tions.
The foreign press in Delhi was briefed regularly about India's policy on
various issues. Our Missions abroad also kept in regular touch with the foreign
media to brief them about the current developments in India and to provide them
with factual material on matters of current interest. To that end, the XP Divis
ion
provided information bulletins mainly by twice daily transmissions to 74
Missions/Posts abroad. Besides 49 Missions received bi-weekly press cables and
15 posts received regular information bulletins by diplomatic bags.
The XP Division continued to undertake the printing and publication of
high quality Publicity literature on India depicting different facets of India'
s
national life in English, French, Spanish, German and Arabic. These publication
s
have been widely circulated by our Missions abroad and have been found to be
extremely popular and useful.
For the year-long celebrations of the Fortieth Anniversary of India's
Independence, the XP Division chalked out a comprehensive programme to make
world-wide impact as follows :
(1) A package of 13 feature films was dubbed into various languages viz.
English (5 sets), French (2 sets) and Spanish and Arabic (1 set each).
These were sent to our Missions abroad for organising film festivals
during the year-long celebrations.
(2) The XP Division acquired 3 sets of an exhibition consisting of high
quality photographs showing progress made by India in different fields
under the theme India-Tryst with Destiny for organising photo
exhibitions by our Missions abroad. Each set has 45 panels, with a
panel having more than one photograph and a write-up suitably ex-
plaining the exhibition. The photographic exhibitions have already
been organised by a number of Missions and such exhibitions are to
be arranged during the rest of the Fortieth Anniversary year in a
number of other Missions.
(3) A thirty-minute TV Documentary, A Nation on the March on the
achievements of India during the last 40 years was supplied to all our
Missions abroad. This was shown on National TV hook ups in over
40 countries.
(4) The XP Division assisted in the publication of supplements by leading
newspapers abroad on the occasion of the Fortieth Independence
Anniversary celebrations. Besides, some other leading newspapers, also
brought out supplements or published special articles on the occasion.
(5) The XP Division distributed 30 feature articles, especially commis-
sioned, to our Missions abroad for being used by the local media on
the occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of India's Independence cele-
brations. 30,000 photographs were sent to our Missions abroad to
supplement and illustrate these articles.
(6) 147 colour slides each were sent to about 100 Indian Missions for
use during the year-long Independence Anniversary celebrations.
(7) Two elegant publications viz. India-A Democracy on the Move, and
India-Four Decades of Democracy and Develoment have been
brought out in English, Arabic, French, German and Spanish languages.
Another high quality hard cover publication, India-Continuity in
Change has been brought out in English. All these publications have
been widely distributed by our Missions abroad.
The XP Division helped to bring in sharp focus the ongoing ethnic problem
in Sri Lanka. In June 1987 the XP Division took about 100 foreign |
and Indian
mediamen to accompany the relief supply to Jaffna in Sri Lanka. Later 35
foreign and Indian correspondents were taken in aircrafts which dropped relief
supplies to the people in Jaffna. After the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accor
d
in July 1987, the XP Division took over 80 foreign and Indian mediamen to
observe the surrender of arms by the militant Tamil organisations. The coverage
in the International Press on the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord and. the subsequent
developments was generally favourable. The XP Division continued to brief
regularly the foreign and Indian mediamen on the day-to-day developments. A
high quality booklet on the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord was produced in English,
French, German and Arabic languages and distributed widely through our
Missions abroad.
Apart from the regular publication of a fortnightly magazine, Indian and
Foreign Review, its French counterpart Courrier de L' Inde and the monthly
Foreign Affairs Record, the XP Division brought out about a score of elegant
publications-some of a regular nature like the Prime Minister's statements on
foreign policy, some others of a general nature and some relating to specific
occasions to achieve optimum results.
Since last year the External Publicity Division has been placing increasing
emphasis on the circulation of audio-visual material by Indian Missions abroad.
By now all Indian Missions have been authorised to equip themselves with tele-
vision sets and video cassette recorders. The video libraries provided to our
Missions abroad depicting India's agricultural, industrial, scientific and tech
nolo-
gical progress and different facets of our cultural heritage, apart from topics
of
contemporary interest, were updated and strengthened. In close cooperation with
Doordarshan, the XP Division continued to regularly send a Television capsule
entitled India Magazine every week to all our Missions abroad about develop-
ments in India. These capsules were widely welcomed. These programmes were
also lent out by our Missions abroad to individuals, cultural organisations and
educational institutions for wider impact. These programmes have proved to be
extremely useful in catering to the needs of the Indian community and to the
people of Indian origin abroad. They are being used extensively by the Indian
ethnic television stations in the USA and in Canada, and are being viewed not
only by the Indian community but also by other foreign expatriates.
Keeping in view the increasing popularity of Indian films across the world,
the XP Division acquired a number of high quality feature films which are in
the process of being subtitled in French and Arabic. All these films have alrea
dy
been subtitled in English and have been sent to our Missions abroad for circula
-
tion and screening on the Missions' premises. The XP Division also provided our
Missions with documentary films produced by the Films Division covering
different aspects of India's national life.
The photo libraries of our Missions abroad containing photographic slides
on different facets of developments in India were strengthened. The Missions ar
e
also being regularly supplied with photographs of current developments in In
dia.
During the 9 months ending December 1987, about 50,000 news-photographs
and 13,000 colour transparencies were sent to our Missions abroad.
The XP Division continued to maintain close liaison with the media rep-
resentatives from abroad, and with the resident foreign and Indian media rep-
resentatives accredited to the Press Information Bureau and rendered them
assistance in doing their work.
During the year under review, the XP Division made complete logistical
arrangements, with the help of our Missions abroad, for the media parties which
accompanied the Prime Minister abroad on his visits to Moscow (2 to 4 July
1987), Sri Lanka (29 to 30 July 1987), Japan, Canada and USA (11 to 21
October 1987), Nepal (2 to 4 November 1987) and Burma (15 to 16 December
1987). On these occasions, press kits and audio-visual material were sent to ou
r
Missions abroad in the countries concerned for a pre-publicity build-up. Simi-
larly, the XP Division made logistical arrangements including Press Conferences
for visiting foreign dignitaries and the accompanying media parties.
The XP Division continued to subscribe to the feature news services of news
agencies and commissioned special articles on the occasion of the Republic Day
and the Independence Day for dissemination abroad. The publication of special
supplements on India by foreign newspapers journals magazines were facilitated.
|
With the assistance of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the XP Division con-
tinued to regularly brief our Missions abroad on the developments in the Punjab
and to counter extremist propaganda against India. Our Missions abroad have
adopted a multi-pronged approach, including keeping in close touch with the
resident Indian communities to brief them regularly about the developments in
India including the situation in the Punjab, with a view to isolate the hostile
elements. Selected Missions abroad were also provided with information from
the Punjab Government about the developments in the Punjab.
pg87
Aug 15, 1987
|
Cultural Relations |
Top |
CHAPTER XII
CULTURAL RELATIONS
The activities of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations diversified furt
her
during the year 1987-88. Cultural delegations sponsored by the Council toured
different regions of the world. The Council provided Indian audiences an oppor-
tunity to witness some of the best performing groups from abroad.
During the year the Council sponsored visits of over 31 cultural troupes and
provided assistance to a large number of artistes to perform abroad. These in-
cluded troupes which were sent to participate in various important festivals an
d
celebrations held by various countries.
The Council arranged for over 24 eminent Indians to travel abroad to present
various facets of India's culture before international audiences. These include
d
scholars, theatre experts, poets and other eminent personalities.
The Council handled a number of foreign cultural troupes as part of various
cultural events such as the Africa Festival and the Festival of USSR in India.
A thirteen-member Chinese performing group visited India during January-
February 1987 as part of their tour of South Asia.
The Council received over 25 distinguished personalities which included
scholars, poets and academicians. Student delegations from Bhutan and Bangla-
desh were also received.
The Council organised several large scale cultural manifestations during the
year such as the Africa Festival in India and India in Switzerland 1987. The
latter was a major cultural presentation undertaken by the Council entirely on
its own, and was inaugurated in Geneva- and Zurich by the then Vice-President
of India, Shri R. Venkataraman. The collaborators for the Festival from the
Swiss side were Pro-Helvetia, an autonomous cultural institution funded by the
Swiss Federal Government. The Festival which was organised in seven Cantons
of Switzerland presented Indian culture in its multiple facets. Prominent artis
tes
who participated in this festival were musicians like Bismillah Khan, Imrat Kha
n,
Lakshmi Shanker, the Dagar Brothers and eminent dancers like Durgalal,
Malavika Sarukai and Sanjukta Panigrahi. There were exhibitions of Indian
architecture, photography and cartoons. The world premier in English of Peter
Books' Mahabharata in Zurich was a part of the Festival.
The Council was also entrusted with the performing arts component of the
Festival of India in, the USSR Indian Manifestation in Sweden and International
Ocean Festival in Mauritius. The Council also handled within India the leading
performing troupes of the Festival of USSR in India. Brief details of these
festivals are as under :
The total lumber of artistes selected by the Council for the Festival of Indi
a
in USSR was 1,502 including distinguished artistes like Pt. Ravi
Shankar, M. S. Subbulakshmi and Bismillah Khan. The Festival was
inaugurated in Moscow on Jul 03, 1987 by the Prime Minister of India
and the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party. ICCR
presented inaugural classical concerts in Moscow at the Kremlin Palace
of Congresses from 4 to 10 July 1987 featuring, among others,
Shrimati M. S. Subbulakshmi, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ustad Imrat
Khan, Shri Lalgudi Jayaraman, Shri Chitti Babu and Shrimati Parveen
Sultana. The Classical concerts were also organised by the Council
during the inaugural events at Leningrad and Tashkent.
Eminent artistes who participated in these concerts included Dr. Dorai-
swamy Iyengar, Pt. Birju Maharaj, Pt. Ram Narayan, Pt. Hari Prasad
Chaurasia and Shri Shiv Kumar Sharma. The artistes who participated
in the inaugural events also visited 110 cities of the USSR to give per-
formances.
A special concert was organised in Moscow on 15 August 1987 on the
occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of the Independence of India.
The Kalakshetra Dance Troupe and Ustad Amjad Ali Khan performed
before a distinguished audience which included Dr. Shanker Dayal
Sharma, the then Governor of Maharashtra.
The Indian Manifestation in Sweden was officially inaugurated on
21 August 1987 by Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao, Minister for Human
Resource Development and the Prime Minister of Sweden. The Council
handled the performing arts component of the Festival. The Council
sent about 106 folk artistes to participate in the inaugural Mela for
three days on 21, 22 and 23 August 1987 respectively. The inaugural
events included concerts by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi and a Lai Haroba group
of Manipur. Forty-two folk artistes participated in the Park Circuit
tour after the inaugural Mela.
The Council coordinated the participation of 213 performing artistes in the
International Ocean Festival in Mauritius. Classical artistes of inter-
national fame who participated were, Padma Subramanyam, Guru
Jaya and Banashree Rama Rao, Madhavi Mudgal and Savita Devi.
Fourteen folk groups from various parts of India also participated.
The ITDC organised a Food Festival and the Trade Fair Authority
of India organised a Fashion Pageant. INS Vidyagiri of the Indian
Navy was despatched to Mauritius for the festival.
The Africa Festival gave the people of India a glimpse of the vibrant
richness of the culture of Africa. This festival was organised in India
from 25 May to 7 June 1987 with the participation of 6 African
countries. The countries represented at the Festival were Burkina
Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mauritius, Nigeria and Senegal.
The Festival of USSR in India was inaugurated on 19 November 1987. The
Council was entrusted with the presentation of the leading performing
troupes of the Soviet Festival including the Bolshoi Ballet and the
Soviet Circus. The proceeds were donated to the PM's Relief Fund.
These events included the following :
The inaugural concert of the Masters of Soviet Arts programme was held
on 22 and 23 November 1987, in the presence of the Prime Minister,
Shri Rajiv Gandhi, and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers
of the USSR, Mr. N. I. Ryzhkov. The Masters of Soviet Arts Prog-
ramme in Bombay was held on 8 December 1987 at the NCPA
Theatre.
The State Brass Orchestra group performed on 25 and 26 November
1987 at Talkatora Stadium. The group also performed in Karnal,
Sonepat, Bombay, Bangalore and Calcutta.
Puppet shows by the group, Vinius Puppet Theatre Lele were organis-
ed on 25, 26 and 27 November 1987 at Azad Bhavan with the
334 EA/88--14
collaboration of UNIMA India. The programme was also arranged
in Hissar, Bhiwani, Karnal, Haridwar and Bombay.
The world famous Bolshio Group performed Giselle and Love for
Love at Siri Fort Auditorium with live orchestral accompaniment.
The inaugural concert was held in the presence of the President of
India, Shri R. Venkataraman. The Group also gave concerts in
Bombay, Bangalore and Calcutta but with recorded music.
The Circus, Carnival of the World and Rhythms of the Planet (Soviet
Circus) gave 38 shows in Delhi, 33 shows in Calcutta and 31 shows
in Bombay.
The State Folk Dance Company of Igor Moiseey performed on
29 and 30 November 1987 at the Talkatora Stadium.
The Council awarded 30 scholarships to foreign students under its Cultural
Scholarship Scheme for 1987-88. It also disbursed scholarships on behalf of
other agencies of the Government of India, besides rendering assistance in the
form of reception on arrival, location of accommodation and social get-together
s.
An Inter-Ministerial Standing Committee on Foreign Students has been set up
with the Ministry of External Affairs as the nodal Ministry and the Council
as its Secretariat. The Committee would function as a coordinating agency to
oversee and monitor all arrangements in respect of foreign students.
During the period under review, the Council organised six study tours for
foreign students to places like Kashmir, Ajanta, Ellora, Bombay, Goa, Alwar,
Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Jaipur, Bangalore, Mysore and Hyderabad and combined
sightseeing with visits to industrial establishments.
Receptions were hosted for foreign students on the occasion of Indian
Independence Day, Republic Day and Foreign Student's Day (11 November)
at Headquarters and Regional Offices as well as in Missions abroad.
The Council organised a meeting of the Foreign Students Advisors on
3 November 1987. The meeting discussed in particular the role of the FSA in the
context Of various steps taken by the Government of India in 1987 to upgrade
and streamline the facilities for foreign students.
The Council also organised Orientation Courses for foreign students, for
IFS Probationers, for the staff recruited for Indian Cultural Centres abroad an
d
for the visiting Professors sent on deputation to foreign universities.
The Council continued to publish six quarterly journals, namely, India
Horizons, Africa Quarterly, Gagananchal, Thaqfaud Hindi, Recontre Avec
I' Inde and Papeles de la India. The Council has undertaken publication of
Vision of India (reprint), Readings from India (reprint), Buddhism and National
Culture and International Symposium on India and World Literatures.
An Editorial Board has been constituted to bring out the Maulana Azad
Commemorative Volumes on the occasion of Maulana Azad's Centenary in
1988.
During the period under review the ICCR sponsored eight exhibitions
abroad and received three from outside.
An exhibition of contemporary paintings by well-known Indian artists was
sent to the Frankfurt Book Fair and thereafter circulated to a number of cities
in the GDR and Poland. An exhibition of Madhubani paintings, Indian Musical
Instruments and Masks was sent to Italy and Switzerland. |
Switzerland also
received an exhibition each on contemporary Indian art and on Indian archi-
tecture.
An exhibition of contemporary Indian Art by eminent Indian women
artistes was sent to Algeria to participate in the Algerian Biennale and it won
a
number of awards.
The Council participated in the First Art Biennale of Pakistan through an
exhibition of paintings and sculpture at Lahore on 12 January 1988. Under
the Indo-Mexican Cultural Exchange Programmes the Council organised an
exhibition of 80 caricatures by a leading Mexican painter and muralist, Jose
Clemente at Azad Bhawan Art Gallery in April 1987.
The Council sponsored the Young Afro-Asian Writers Symposium from
22 to 26 October 1987 through a special grant from the Ministry of External
Affairs. The Council also organised a function on 16 December 1987 at Azad
Bhavan to mark the International Solidarity Day with the People of Palestine.
The Council functions as the Secretariat for the Indo-US Sub-Commission
on Education and Culture. The joint Media Committee of the Sub-Commission
met on 1 and 2 February 1988 at Los Angeles. Thereafter, the Joint Committee
on Cultural Heritage and Endeavours met at the same venue on 5 February 1988.
Based on the recommendations of these two Committees, the Sub-Commission
met in New Delhi from 1 to 2 March 1988 to finalise the work programme for
the forthcoming year.
For promoting greater awareness and appreciation of Indian Cultural Heri-
tage abroad, the Council has established Indian Cultural Centres in
Suva (Fiji), Geogetown (Guyana) and Paramaribo (Suriname), Indian music and
dance as well as Hindi are taught regularly at the Centres by the Indian teache
rs
posted by the Council. These Centres maintain libraries, reading rooms and
organise lectures, symposia, exhibitions, essay competitions, staging of plays,
screening of films, publication of news bulletins and develop contacts with a
wide cross section of local citizens including students, teachers, scholars and
cultural personalities. Formalisation of the courses taught at the Centres thro
ugh
affiliation to recognised Indian academic institutions universities is at an ad
vanced
stage.
|
The Council is taking steps to implement the decisions taken last year to
open new Cultural Centres at Port Louis (Mauritius), Jakarta (Indonesia) and
Port of Spain (Trinidad & Tobago). It has taken possession of the 7-acre plot
of land allotted by the Government of Mauritius for construction of the Centre'
s
building. The foundation stone was laid by the Prime Minister of Mauritius on
22 July 1987. Shri Satish Gujral has been appointed as the Architect for the
Centre and the construction work is expected to commence by April 1988. In
Indonesia the Centre will be functional from February 1988. In respect of
Trinidad procedural formalities are in progress.
The Council deputes Professors of Indology, Languages and allied subjects
to foreign universities. The Council's Visiting Professors of Hindi are located
in the University of Sofia (Bulgaria), the University of Warsaw (Poland), the J
agiel-
Ionian University, Cracow (Poland), the National Institute of Higher Educaton,
Research, Science and Technology, Port of Spain (Trinidad), the Humboldt Uni-
versity, Berlin (GDR) and the University of Bucharest (Romania). A Professor of
Tamil is located in the University of Warsaw (Poland) while a Professor of
Sanskrit and Indian Cultural History is based in Udayana University, Bali
(Indonesia). The Council has also deputed a Professor of Vedanta Philosophy
to Chiangmai University (Thailand).
Under the guidelines issued by the Central Cultural Committee of the Gov-
ernment of India in 1971, foreign cultural centres and foreign libraries in pla
ces
other than those in which foreign Missions have diplomatic or |
consular repre-
sentation, are to be managed and supervised by the ICCR. In pursuance of this
the management of British Libraries in various cities, of the House of Soviet
Culture in Trivandrum and supervision of the Max Mueller Bhavans and of the
Alliances Francaise in India have been undertaken by the Council. During the
year, the Council administered the British Libraries located at Ahmedabad,
Bangalore, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Patna, Pune, Ranchi and Trivandrum.
The British Library at Ranchi celebrated its Silver Jubilee this year which was
attended by the representatives of the ICCR and the British High Commission.
The Council also administered the House of Soviet Culture, Trivandrum which
conducted Russian Language classes, film shows, exhibitions, chess tournaments
etc. The Council continued its supervision of the activities of the Max Mueller
Bhavan and the Alliance Francaise.
The Council has sent books worth Rs. 4 lakhs for presentation through
Indian Missions abroad. Object d'art reproductions of Indian paintings, handi-
craft items etc. were also sent to the Missions from time to time. A bust of
Shrimati Indira Gandhi was sent to the Indian High Commission, Mauritius for
presentation to the Julien Village Council in Mauritius. The Council also des-
patched several hundred sets of musical instruments on cost-sharing basis to th
e
Government of Mauritius. Essay competitions were organised by some of our
Missions abroad for which the Council bad made available prizes in the form
of books, musical records, cassettes, re-productions of paintings, art objects
etc.
The ICCR Library continued to offer its specialized reference service to
research scholars working on various aspects of Indian culture.
The Centre for Africa was established within the framework of the ICCR
to encourage greater interaction between India and the countries of Africa. The
Centre has an Advisory Panel of twenty eminent persons under the chairman-
ship of the Minister of State for External Affairs.
The Centre organised the inaugural function of the newly formed Indo-
African Society on 24 May 1987. It also coordinated the Africa Festival and
the Ocean Festival in Mauritius.
The Hindi Advisory Committee of the Ministry of External Affairs met in
June 1987 and on 15 December 1987 to discuss matters relating to Hindi and
the Council's work. The computerisation of accounts in the Council has been
undertaken. Payroll and Provident Fund accounts have already been computeris-
ed. A meeting of the Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) of the Council
also took place during the year and cleared a large backlog of confirmations an
d
promotions. A cadre review of the Council has been undertaken. Recommenda-
tions of the Fourth Pay Commission as applicable to the Council have been
implemented.
pg95
Jul 03, 1987
|
Indians Overseas |
Top |
Jan 01, 1987
CHAPTER XIII
INDIANS OVERSEAS
Overseas Indians are increasingly being recognised as a potential bridge
of understanding and cooperation between the country of their domicile and
India. They, in turn, have evinced greater interest in developing their cultura
l
and economic ties with India to which the Government of India has responded
positively with due regard for the mutual benefit of India and the host country
.
Therefore, while the Government of India has always held that persons of Indian
origin should identify themselves with and integrate in the country of their
domicile, it remains alive to their general interests and welfare and has encou
rag-
ed promotion of cultural contacts with them. As regards Indian nationals, the
Government of India naturally holds itself responsible for their safety and wel
fare
and takes all necessary steps in this regard.
Indian Missions abroad are the first point of contact for the Overseas
Indians, and have been instructed to maintain close contact with the Indian Com
-
munity living in the country(ies) of their accreditation and to assist them to
the
extent possible in overcoming the problems they may face. Although the require-
ment of registering on first arrival with our Missions exists not many Indian
nationals do so. During the year, our Mission in Bahrain has undertaken a
successful exercise of registering Indians living there despite the large numbe
rs
involved, which was welcomed by the Government of Bahrain.
The term Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) covers Indian nationals residing
abroad as well as persons of Indian origin at least one of whose grandparents
was an Indian national and the wives of such persons, for matters pertaining
to investment in India. With the liberalisation of rules and procedures relatin
g
to investment by NRIs, the Indian Missions abroad are called upon to respond
to queries on a wide-range of subjects connected with investment. They also
extend assistance to NRIs in this regard consistent with laws and regulations o
f
the countries of their accreditation. The Special Coordination Unit within the
Ministry keeps the Missions informed about the modifications in rules pertain
-
ing to investment by NRIs. |
In this context the seminar on "Investment Opportunities in India for NRIs
with particular reference to NRIs in the Gulf" which was organised by the
Ministry of External Affairs in Panaji, Goa, from 6 to 7 June 1987 in collabo-
ration with the Economic Development Corporation of Goa, Daman and Diu
proved useful. The seminar was attended by prominent Gulf NRIs, representa-
tives from Central Government and State Governments and financial institutions
and was inaugurated by Shri Eduardo Faleiro, the then Minister of State in the
Ministry of External Affairs. A number of practical recommendations made at
the seminar were sent to the concerned Ministries Departments of the Govern-
ment for follow-up action which is in progress.
The Special Coordination Unit of the Ministry has a nodal responsibility
for dealing with problems relating to Overseas Indians that may arise from time
to time and participates actively in inter-ministerial meetings dealing with NR
I
investment in India.
pg97
|
Protocol |
Top |
CHAPTER XIV
PROTOCOL
During 1987, Heads of the Foreign Missions of the following 25 countries
left India on completion of their assignment :
United Kingdom, Tunisia, Nigeria, Japan, Cuba, China, Burkina Faso
(non-resident), the Netherlands, Ethiopia, Turkey, the Federal
Republic of Germany, Lebanon, Bhutan, France, Sweden, Oman,
Austria, the Republic of Korea, Sudan, Venezuela, Thailand, Uru-
guay (non-resident), Rwanda (non-resident), the EEC, Czechoslo-
vakia and Nepal.
During the year 1987, Heads of Missions of the following 26 countries
Presented their credentials to the President of India :
The Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic, the UAE, Nicaragua, Brazil,
Japan, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, China, Cuba,
Iceland (non-resident), Sweden, the Netherlands, Nigeria, France,
Venezuela, the Federal Republic of Germany, Bhutan, the Republic
of Korea, Sudan, Oman, Niger (non-resident), Brunei Darussalam
(non-resident), Mali (non-resident), Benin (non-resident) and
Thailand.
The Commonwealth of Dominica opened its first resident Mission in New
Delhi. The first resident High Commissioner, Her Excellency Mrs. Elizabeth
Gilda Thebaud Mansour presented her credentials to the President on Nov 04, 198
7@.
India opened its first resident Mission in Botswana.
The list of foreign dignitaries who visited India during 1987 can be seen
at Appendix XVIII.
344 EA/88--15
pg98
|
Passport And Consular Services |
Top |
CHAPTER XV
PASSPORT AND CONSULAR SERVICES
During the year under review, efforts to render prompt and efficient service
to the public in passport offices continued. Passport issue procedures were
further streamlined and simplified.
Presently there are 20 Passport Offices spread all over the country. A
statement showing the number of applications for fresh passport miscellaneous
services received and the number of passports issued miscellaneous services
rendered during the period 1 January to Dec 31, 1987 is given at Appendix
VII. During 1987 the passport offices earned a total revenue of Rs. 10.64
crores. They incurred an expenditure of Rs. 4.05 crores. A detailed statement
in this regard is given at Appendix VIII.
It was decided to open a new Passport Office at Panaji, Goa. The Passport
Office started functioning from February 1988.
The All India Passport Offices Conference was held from 14 to 16 January
1.988 at New Delhi. The question of issue of passport was discussed in all
its facets and recommendations were made for the further simplification of
existing procedure with a view to cutting down delays.
Inspection of Passport Offices proceeded apace.
Emphasis was laid on the training of the personnel of the Central Passport
Organisation in various subjects through appropriate training institutions like
the Foreign Service Training Institute and the Institute of Secretariat at Tr
aining
and Management, New Delhi.
The Government decided to computerise Passport Offices in a phased
manner with a view to improving their efficiency. In the first phase computers
were installed in Passport Offices in Delhi, Bombay, Madras and Cochin. 12
other Passport Offices in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
Calcutta, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Srinagar and
Panaji will be computerised in the second phase.
The work of the Consular Passport and Visa (CPV) Division of the
Ministry is also being computerised. Systems like the public grievances system
and document system have been developed.
A Committee formed under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary
(Pol.) in the Ministry has suggested both short and long term measures for
improving the quality of the passport booklet as also for the phased introducti
on
of machine readable passport. The recommendations are being implemented.
Existing procedures have been streamlined with a view to identifying areas
where passports could be issued on a priority basis. In order to curb
malpractices, comprehensive guidelines have been formulated to deal with
cases of lost and damaged passports.
During the year 1987, a total of 2480 cases of complaints regarding delay
in issue of fresh passports or renewals were received by the |
Complaints and Gri
ev-
ances Cell of PV Division. Out of those, 1621 complaints were settled by issuin
g
passports and rendering the desired services.
35 cases of Appeals against the order of impounding or refusal of passport
facilities to Indian nationals by the passport offices were received. In 12 cas
es,
the Chief Passport Officer heard Appeals and passed orders allowing or rejectin
g consideration.
45 cases of forgery of entries in the passports or visas were reported to th
e
Ministry Investigations are being made in all these cases of forgeries.
160 applications were received for issue of Certificates of Identity to
stateless persons, most of them being Tibetan refugees. In most of the cases,
Certificates of Identity have been issued to the applicants. A few cases re-
ceived recently are in the process of being disposed off.
107 requests were received in the Ministry from Indian Passport holders
for grant of endorsement for South Africa. These cases were disposed of on
merits in consultation with the Territorial Divisions in the Ministry.
During the year under review, 876 applications from Travel Agents were
received for recognition to deal with the Passport Offices in passport matters
under the new criteria introduced with effect from September 1986. Out of
these, 298 Travel Agencies were approved. The remaining applications are
either in the process of consideration or have been rejected for non-fulfilment
of the prescribed criteria.
Consular Matters
During 1987, a total of 785 cases of deportation came to the notice of
the Ministry. Most of these were from the Gulf countries. Indian Missions
Posts abroad repatriated 478 Indian nationals in distress in foreign countries
besides extending financial assistance, wherever necessary.
447 cases of the deaths of Indian nationals abroad came to the notice of
the Ministry and action was initiated to claim wage dues, death compensations
for the heirs of the deceased through respective Indian Missions. 236 cases
of death of foreign nationals were also handled.
90188 documents submitted by the public for production to foreign autho-
rities were attested authenticated by the Consular Section.
A Regional Consular Officers meeting was held in Washington on 9 and
10 June 1987. It was attended by the Consular Officers from Indian Missions
in the USA and Canada. The Head of the Consular Passport and Visa
Division of the Ministry as also the Head of the Foreigners Division of the
Ministry of Home Affairs addressed this conference. Procedures relating to
the expeditious disposal of passport and visa applications as also consular
matters were discussed and clarifications given on various points raised by the
Consular Officers.
During the period under review, a number of important changes have been
brought about in visa matters. On reciprocal grounds visa fees were reviewed
vis-a-vis 29 countries. Non-resident Indians proposing to set up industrial
ventures in India would henceforth be granted long term multiple entry visas
for two years by Indian Missions abroad. Foreigners of Indian origin who are
above 65 years of age and wish to return to India to settle down permanently
and their spouses without any age limitation would be granted one year long
term visas by the Indian Missions abroad, under their own powers. The visa
manual has been revised and is presently under print.
Singapore and Ireland have introduced visa regimes for Indian nationals
in 1987.
|
Administration And Organisation |
Top |
CHAPTER XVI
ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANISATION
Shri N. D. Tiwari relinquished charge as Minister for External Affairs on
Jul 25, 1987 and took over as Minister of Finance and Commerce. The
Ministry was placed under the charge of the Prime Minister. Shri K. Natwar
Singh has remained as Minister of State in the Ministry. Shri Eduardo Faleiro
relinquished charge as Minister of State for External Affairs on 14 February
1988 and took over as Minister of State for Banking and Economic Affairs.
Shri K. P. S. Menon has continued as Foreign Secretary. So has Shri
A. S. Gonsalves as Secretary (West). Shri A. B. Gokhale took over as Secretary
(E & ER) on 9 March 1987.
S Shri P. L. Sinai, M. Dubey and A. G. Asrani have continued as Addi-
tional Secretaries. Shri A. K. Banerjee has continued as Additional Secretary
and Financial Adviser.
A new Mission at Gaborone in Botswana and a Consulate General in
Tashkent, USSR, were opened during the year under review. The Ministry
thus has 140 resident Missions/Posts abroad manned by officials from India.
The total sanctioned strength of IFS and IFS(B) both at Headquarters
and in Indian Missions abroad is 3651. This includes 28 officers of the Combine
d
Research Cadre and 30 officers of the Interpreter's Cadre. The Cadre-wise
strength is given in Appendix IX. In addition, there are 1495 locally recruited
staff in Indian Missions/Posts abroad.
The Committee of Secretaries had recommended restructuring of the
Supply Wing of the Indian High Commission in London with a view to re-
ducing the staff and; effecting economy. Their recommendations have since
been implemented in consultation with the Ministry of Defence.
A list showing the number of officers of this Ministry who have qualified
in various foreign languages is given in Appendix XI.
A record number of Missions were inspected during the year under review.
The nineteen Missions/Posts inspected were Harare, Lusaka, Luanda, Baghdad,
Kuwait, Beijing, Jakarta, Port Louis (Mauritius), Saint Denis (Reunion Island),
Lilongwe, Gaborone, Cairo, Moscow, Stockholm, Helsinki, Ottawa, Vancouver,
Toronto and Thimpu. The Ministry also conducted periodic reviews of the
emoluments of home-based officials as well as locally recruited staff in a very
large number of Missions.
As a means of streamlining administrative procedures and as a measure
of economy, the Ministry has discontinued the practice of supply of crockery
to representational officers other than Heads of Missions and Posts, and has
replaced it with a lump sum grant. The Ministry have also rationalised Rules
and Regulations regarding entitlements abroad of spouses who are also employees
of the Government of India so that discriminatory position of sexes was
eliminated.
This year has seen important improvements in telecommunication network
of the Ministry of External Affairs. The staff strength of the Zonal Telex Cent
res
at New York, London, Bahrain, Moscow and Tokyo has been doubled to enable
them to work round-the-clock in pace with the Telegraph Section at the Ministry
of External Affairs. A Satellite Teleprinter link has been established with
Kathmandu providing 24-hour communication in place of the old wireless
station which was not working properly. A new facsimile service has been
inaugurated. Approval in principle has been obtained for a project to set up
26 wireless stations in selected Indian Missions. The Headquarters Station and
Wireless Transmitter Stations in five Missions abroad are proposed to be set
up in the next phase. Improvements have also been effected in the functioning
of the CCB.
The work on computerisation of the Ministry was taken up in earnest and
adequate training imparted to officials for this purpose. Several Divisions of
the Ministry have been provided with computers to facilitate information sto
rage
and retrieval and to expedite the decision-making process. Funds available for
office automation upgradation of facilities were also fully utilised in order t
o
modernise the working environment. The Ministry has strictly implemented
guidelines regarding the purchase of bilingual electronic typewriters and has
acquired considerable capacity in this regard.
The Computer Cell with the help of the National Informatics Centre (NIC),
Department of Electronics, has made considerable progress in the development
of application software for headquarters. A Personnel Information System
(PIS) has been developed for the Administration Division and substantial data
entry completed. Similarly, on the Establishment side, systems have been
developed to keep track of the Immovable Property Purchase and the Rentals
paid in respect of hired property. The hardware and the application software
which has been handed over to the Economic Division, is being put to daily
use as a Decision Support System for the Indian Technical and Economic Coope-
ration (ITEC) programme. On the Finance side also, four software packages have
been developed and these are in daily use. Systems study on the Country
Data Banks for use in the Territorial Divisions has been completed and applica-
tion software is being developed. Data entry has been completed on an Indian
Overseas Data Bank. For the Protocol Division, the gross design of a system
to monitor the Duty Exemption Certificates has been prepared. A Cadre Review
System for the IFS(B) prepared for the Cadre Cell of the Ministry |
is at the
trial run stage.
For the Ministry of External Affairs' Library, a database on Foreign Affairs
and Diary of Events are operational whereas data entry is in progress on Countr
y
Briefs and Statements on Foreign Policy by the Prime Minister, the Minister
for External Affairs and the Minister of State for External Affairs etc. as wel
l
as a system on Maps Information.
Headquarters' accounts are being computerised on a regular basis from
September 1987.
Computers are operational at the Regional Passport Offices (RPOs) at
Delhi, Madras, Bangalore and Cochin. Site-preparation is in progress at the
RPOs at Bhopal, Hyderabad, Lucknow and Goa. Eight other RPOs are to
be computerised in the near future. A Public Grievances Information System
for the RPOs and a Passport Information System for the Passport Visa Division
are functional whereas the Financial and Accounting Package for Passport
Offices is in the trial run stage. For the Indian Council for Cultural Rela
tions
(ICCR), systems have been developed for an Artist Data Bank, Cultural Festival
Management System and a Social Welfare Accounting System.
During the year under review, the NIC has provided about 10 PCs, 2 PC/
XTs and 8 PC/ATs to the Ministry of External Affairs and the ICCR for their
computerisation programmes, besides the minis and other computers purchased
for the RPOs from the Ministry's budget.
The Ministry continued to pursue vigorously the policy of acquiring good
properties abroad for residences as well as for offices. As in 1986-87, the
Ministry is confident of fully utilising the available funds in acquiring valua
ble
real assets abroad despite the enhanced budget of Rs. 22 crores, in 1987-88.
In addition to major renovations of important existing buildings in major capi-
tals, the Ministry acquired Chanceries at Paris, Accra, Seoul and Budapest.
Residences for Heads of Mission were acquired at Harare, Lima, Budapest and
Kinshasa. Accommodations for other officials of the Missions were acquired
in Kuala Lumpur, the Hague, Colombo and Lilongwe.
Construction projects for the Chanceries at Colombo and Nicosia as well
as residence complexes at Nairobi were completed during the year, under review.
The Chancery project at Islamabad is nearing completion. The Ministry has
finalised the preparation for the construction projects at Lagos and Kuwait and
actual construction is expected to begin in the last quarter of the financial y
ear
1987-88. The project for the Chancery at Kuala Lumpur has been approved and
preparation for the construction project, already approved, at Riyadh is moving
ahead. The Conference Cell continued to play. a useful role in providing logistical
support and managerial assistance to the Ministry of External Affairs and other
Departments of the Government of India in organising various International
Conferences. An illustrative list of Meetings and International Conferences whe
re
the Conference Cell played an active role is given at Appendix XVI.
With the expertise developed in the Conference Cell in organising inter-
national conferences, the Government of India has been able to save considera-
ble expenditure, including foreign exchange, on such occasions.
334 EA/88--16
pg106
|
Foreign Service Training Institure (FSTI) |
Top |
Jan 01, 1987
CHAPTER XVII
FOREIGN SERVICE TRAINING INSTITUTE (FSTI)
During the period under review, the FSTI initiated functional training
programmes for the officials of the Ministry of External Affairs proceeding on
transfer to Missions abroad, and started training programmes on computer
appreciation. The FSTI also conducted courses for the IFS probationers and
organized one Refresher Course for the Head of Missions. During 1987, the
number of officials trained by the FSTI more than doubled from 122 (in 1986)
to 289. The number of Courses increased from 17 (in 1986) to 23. The Courses
are detailed in Appendix XVII.
The twentysix-week course for new recruits to the Indian Foreign Service
consisted of modules on core subjects including (i) India's Foreign Trade,
(ii) Foreign Policy and Extrenal Relations, (iii) National Security, (iv) Inter
-
national Law, (v) Indian Culture, (vi) External Publicity, (vii) Consular works
,
(viii) Administration & Accounts and (ix) Behavioural Sciences. It also include
d
an on-the-job training.
The FSTI conducted ten Basic Professional Courses for about 200 Section
Officers, Assistants, Upper Division Clerks and Lower Division Clerks, pro-
ceeding on transfer to Indian Missions abroad covering modules on adminis-
tration, accounts, consular and general areas. The Basic Professional Courses
were further re-designed in segments to include Under Secretaries, Private
Secretaries and Personal Assistants. Additional optional segments on areas
such as commercial work, external publicity, office automation were introduced.
Courses on working level knowledge of computers for Directors, Deputy
Secretaries and Under Secretaries were also initiated. Operational level traini
ng
programme on computers was initiated for Section Officers, Private Secretaries,
Assistants and Personal Assistants.
One high-level Refresher Course for Heads of Indian Diplomatic Missions
in Latin America was organised to provide conceptual and information update
to the Heads of Missions.
As a part of mid-career training programme, modules on India's Foreign
Policy and National Security in the Nuclear Age were open to Deputy Secretaries
and Under Secretaries.
Some of the modules meant for IFS Probationers were open to Defence
Attaches proceeding on assignment to our Missions abroad.
Courses on Indian Culture were open to spouses of the Ministry of External
Affairs officers.
pg108
|
Use Of Hindi In Official Work |
Top |
Jan 01, 1987
CHAPTER XVIII
USE OF HINDI IN OFFICIAL WORK
During the year under review, the Ministry continued making efforts for
the progressive use of Hindi in official work, both at Headquarters and in
Missions abroad.
A Hindi Advisory Committee is functioning in the Ministry under the
Chairmanship of the Minister of State for External Affairs. During the year the
Committee met twice and reviewed the progress made in the use of Hindi in the
Ministry. The Committee made various suggestions on which suitable follow-up
action was taken. In addition, an Official Language Implementation Committee
is also functioning in the Ministry under the Chairmanship of Additional
Secretary (10).
Pursuant to the targets fixed in the Annual Programme for the year 1987-88
regarding the use of Hindi, issued by the Department of Official Language, the
Ministry inspected its Passport Offices at Bombay, Chandigarh, Bangalore,
Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jaipur, Patna, Cochin and Kozhikode with a view to
assessing the progress in the use of Hindi in these offices. Necessary instruct
ions
were issued to the concerned offices for compliance with Government orders
regarding the Official Language. Besides, various sections in the Ministry itse
lf
were inspected with the same objective.
During the year, Hindi workshops were conducted in the Ministry with a
view to encouraging officials to do their official work in Hindi. A 'Hindi Week
'
was also organised for the same purpose. Besides this, a Hindi Essay Competi-
tion was also organised.
The Ministry continued its efforts to propagate Hindi abroad. Several
standardized sets of Hindi books on various facets of India as well as text-boo
ks
pg109
Devanagari typing machines, Hindi Linguaphone cassettes and records, childre
n's
literature and Hindi charts were sent to various Indian Missions abroad for hel
p-
ing them to build standard Hindi libraries as well as for donation presentation
to the deserving governmental and non-governmental institutions organisations
engaged in propagation of Hindi abroad. There has been considerable progress
in the Children's Hindi Teaching Scheme abroad. Seven more Missions began
organising Hindi classes for children.
As in the previous years, OSD (Hindi) of the Ministry was sent to PMI,
New York to assist the Indian delegation to the UN General Assembly.
pg113
|
Appendix-I Division-wise List of Countries/Organisations |
Top |
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX I
Ministry of External Affairs-Division-wise List of Countries/Organisations |
| AFRICA DIVISION | | AFRICA DIVISION-Contd.
|
| 1. | Angola | 34. | Seychelles
| 2. | Benin | 35. | Sierra Leone
| 3. | Botswana | 36. | South Africa
| 4. | Burkina Faso | 37. | Swaziland
| 5. | Burundi | 38. | Tanzania, United Republic of
| 6. | Cameroon | 39. | Togo
| 7. | Cape Verde | 40. | Uganda
| 8. | Central African Republic | 41. | Zaire
| 9. | Chad | 42. | Zambia
| 10. | Comoros | 43. | Zimbabwe
| 11. | Congo |   |
| 12. | Cote d'Ivoire | | AMS DIVISION
| 13. | Equatorial Guinea | 1. | Canada
| 14. | Ethiopia | 2. | United States of America
| 15. | Gabon | |
|
16. | Gambia | | |
17. | Ghana | | AP DIVISION |
18. | Guinea | 1. | Afghanistan,
| 19. | Guinea-Bissau | 2. | Pakistan
| 20. | Kenya | |
| 21. | Lesotho | |
| 22. | Liberia | | BSM DIVISION
| 23. | Madagascar | 1. | Bangladesh
| 24. | Malawi | 2. | Burma
| 25. | Mali | 3. | Indian Ocean
| 26. | Mauritius | 4. | Maldives
| 27. | Mozambique | 5. | Sri Lanka
| 28. | Namibia | |
| 29. | Niger | |
| 30. | Nigeria | | EAST ASIA DIVISION
| 31. | Rwanda | 1. | China, People's Republic of
| 32. | Sao Tome and Principe | 2. | Hong Kong
| 33. | Senegal | 3. | Japan
|
|
| 334 EA/88--17
|
pg114
|
| EAST ASIA DIVISION-Contd. EW DIVISION-Contd. |
4. | Korea, Democratic People's | 24. | Turkey
| | Republic of | 25. | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| 5. | Korea, Republic of |
6. | Mongolia | |
| | EE DIVISION | | GULF DIVISION
| | | 1. | Bahrain
| 1. | Albania | 2. | Democratic Yemen
| 2. | Bulgaria | 3. | Iran, Islamic Republic of
| 3. | Czechoslovakia | 4. | Iraq
| 4. | Garman Democratic Republic | 5. | Kuwait
| 5. | Hungary | 6. | Oman
| 6. | Poland | 7. | Qatar
| 7. | Romania | 8. | Saudi Arabia
| 8. | Union of Soviet Socialist Republic | 9. | United Arab Emirates
| 9. | Yugoslavia | 10. | Yemen
| | |
| | EW DIVISION | | LAC DIVISION
| 1. | Austria |
| 2. | Belgium | 1. | Antigua and Barbuda
| 3. | Cyprus | 2. | Argentina
| 4. | Denmark | 3. | Bahamas
| 5. | Finland | 4. | Barbados
| 6. | France | 5. | Belize
| 7. | Germany, Federal Republic of | 6. | Bolivia
| 8. | Greece | 7. | Brazil
| 9. | Holy See, The | 8. | Chile
| 10. | Iceland | 9. | Colombia
| 11. | Ireland | 10. | Costa Rica
| 12. | Italy | 11. | Cuba
| 13. | Liechtenstein | 12. | Dominica
| 14. | Luxembourg | 13. | Dominican Republic
| 15. | Malta | 14. | Ecuador
| 16. | Monaco | 15. | El Salvador
| 17. | Netherlands | 16. | Grenada
| 18. | Norway | 17. | Guatemala
| 19. | Portugal | 18. | Guyana
| 20. | San Marino | 19. | Haiti
| 21. | Spain | 20. | Honduras
| 22. | Sweden | 21. | Jamaica
| 23. | Switzerland | 22. | Mexico
| | | | pg115
| | LAC DIVISION-Contd. | | SOUTHERN DIVISION-Contd.
| 23. | Nicaragua | 13. | Philippines
| 24. | Panama | 14. | Samoa
| 25. | Paraguay | 15. | Singapore
| 26. | Peru | 16. | Society Islands
| 27. | Saint Christopher and Nevis | 17. | Solomon Islands
| 28. | Saint Lucia | 18. | Thailand
| 29. | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 19. | Tonga
| 30. | Suriname | 20. | Tuvalu
| 31. | Trinidad and Tobago | 21. | UN Trust Territories in South
| 32. | Uruguay | | Pacific
| 33. | Venezuela | 22. | Vanuatu
| | | 23. | Vietnam
| | NORTHERN DIVISION | |
| | | | WANA DIVISION
| 1. | Bhutan | |
| 2. | Nepal | 1. | Algeria
| | | 2. | Djibouti
| | SOUTHERN DIVISION | 3. | Egypt
| | | 4. | Israel
| 1. | Australia | 5. | Jordan
| 2. | Brunei Darussalam | 6. | League of Arab States
| 3. | Fiji | 7. | Lebanon
| 4. | Indonesia | 8. | Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
| 5. | Kampuchea | 9. | Mauritania
| 6. | Kiribati | 10. | Morocco
| 7. | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 11. | Palestine Liberation Organization
| 8. | Malaysia | 12. | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
| 9. | Nauru | 13. | Somalia
| 10. | Now Caledonia | 14. | Sudan
| 11. | Now Zealand | 15. | Syrian Arab Republic
| 12. | Papua Now Guinea | 16. | Tunisia
|
| | | | pg116
|
|
| |
|
|
Appendix-II
Meetings/Conferences held under the aegis of the NAM |
|
APPENDIX II
Meetings/Conferences held under the aegis of the Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) during April to December 1987 |
|
Sl.No. |
Name of
Meeting/Conference |
Venue |
Date
|
|
|
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4)
|
|
|
1. |
Eleventh
Meeting of Coordinators of Non-aligned
Countries in the field of Health. |
Harare
|
30 March to
Apr 02, 1987 |
2. |
Ministerial
Meeting of the NAM Committee of
Nine on Palestine. |
Harare
|
14 and 15
April 1987 |
3. |
Nineth
Meeting of the Inter-Governmental Council
for the Coordination of Information
and Communication of Non-aligned
Countries. |
Harare
|
8 and 9
June 1987 |
|
4. |
Extraordinary Ministerial Conference of Non-aligned
Countries on South-South Cooperation. |
Pyongyang
|
9 to 13
June 1987 |
|
5. |
Meeting of
Information Ministers of Non-aligned
and other Developing Countries. |
Harare
|
10 to 12
June 1987 |
|
6. |
Meeting of
Senior Officials of AFRICA Fund
Committee. |
New Delhi
|
4 to 7
August 1987 |
7. |
Seventh
Meeting of the Coordinating Countries
and the Third Meeting of Exparts of
the Non-aligned and other Developing
Countries on Standardisation,Measurement
and Quality Control. |
Belgrade
|
7 to 13
September 1987 |
8. |
Meeting of
Foreign Ministers and Heads of
Delegations of Non-aligned Coun-tries to
the Forty-second Session of the UN
General Assembly. |
New York
|
5 to 7
October 1987 |
PG117 |
(1) |
(2) |
(3)
|
(4)
|
9. |
Meeting of
the Standing Ministerial Committee for
Economic Cooperation. |
Now York
|
8 October
1987 |
10. |
Meeting of
the NAM Committee of Nine on
Palestine. |
Now York
|
9 October
1987 |
11. |
Third
General Conference of Broadcasting Organisations of Non-aligned Countries. |
Limassol |
14 to 16
December 1987 |
PG118 |
|
Appendix-III Treaties/Conventions/Agreements |
|
APPENDIX III
Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed by India with other cou
ntries in 1987*
|
St.No. | Title of Convention/Treaty/Agreement | Date of | Date of | Date of |
| | | signature | Ratification/ | Entry into
| | | Accession | force |
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|
|
| MULTILATERAL |
| European Economic Community |
| 1. | Financing Agreement between the Republic of India and the European Economic Community-Integrated Watershed Management in Revinous Areas (U. P.) mainly funded by the Supply of Fertilizers .
| Mar 24, 1987 | 24-3-1987; | |
| 2. | Financing Agreement between the Republic of India and the European Economic Community-Hydrological Computerised Modelling System (SHE)International Maritime Satellite Organisation(INMARSAT)
| 7-7-1987 | 7-7-1987; |
|
|
3. | Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Maritime Satellite Organisation (INMARSAT)International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation (INTELSAT)
| 7-10-1987 | 6-11-1987 |
|
| 4. | Protocol on INTELSAT Privileges. Ex-emptions and Immunities Oil Pollution | 14-10-1987 | 13-11-1987 |
|
|
|
| 5. | International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 as Amended by the Protocol of 1976South African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)
| 1-5-1987 | 30-7-1987 |
|
| 6. | Memorandum of Understanding on Indo-SADCC Cooperation and Assistance in Industrial Programmes
| 7-10-1987 | 7-10-1987 | |
| | * This list is not exhaustive. | | |
| | pg119 | | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
|
|
| | | | | |
| 7. | Space and Rescue Satellite System Agreement among the Department of Space,Government of India and the Department of National Defence of Canada, the Centre National 'D' Etndes Spatiales of France, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United states of America, the ministry of merchant marine of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the use of the COSPAS-SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite System and the operation of COSPAS-SARSAT Local User Terminal by India Space Research
| 23-11-1987 | 23-11-1987 |
|
8. | Memorandum of Understanding between Indian Space Research Organisation and commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation on Cooperation in Space Research and Applications United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
| 19-3-1987 | 19-3-1987 |
|
9. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development programme regarding Project No. IND/87/003/A/01/37-Develop-ment of Amorphos Silicon Solar Cells
| 30-4-1987 | 30-4-1987 |
|
10. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regarding project No. DP/IND/87/007/A/01/37-Development of Novel Shape Selective Zeolite Catalysts
| 30-4-1987 | 30-4-1987 |
|
11. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regard-ing Project No. IND/87/008/A/01/01-Training in Public Administration
| 5-6-1987 | 5-6-1987 |
|
12. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Develoment Programme regarding Project No. IND/87/010/A/01/14-Approa-ches to Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy
| 18-8-1987 | 18-8-1987 |
|
13. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regard-ing Project No. IND/86/040/D/01/01-Esta-blishment of Mineral Processing Labora-tory in India
| 26-8-1987 | 26-8-1987 |
|
| | | | pg120
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | 4) | 5)
|
| 14. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regard-ing Project No. IND/86/002/A/01/01-Solar Energy Centre
| 31-8-1987 | 31-8-1987 |
| 15. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regarding Project No. IND/87/002/A/01/99-Satellite Data Analysis for Oceanographic Investigations
| 10-9-1987 | 10-9-1987 |
|
16. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regarding Project No. IND/87/017/A/01/02-Plant Improvement using Modern Biotechnology.
| 9-12-1987 | 9-12-1987 |
|
17. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regarding Project No. IND/87/009/A/01/99-Training of Personnel in Petroleum Technologies,Dehra Dun
| 24-12-1987 | 24-12-1987 |
|
18. | Agreement between India and the United Nations Development Programme regarding Project No. IND/87/018/A/01/99-Molecular Biology and Biotechnology applied to the study of Parasites BILATERAL Bangladesh
| 31-12-1987 | 31-12-1987 |
|
19. | Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade between India and Bangladesh Bhutan
| 4-10-1987 | 4-10-1987 |
|
20. | Agreement between the State Bank of India and the Royal Government of Bhutan Burma
| 22-6-1987 | 22-6-1987 |
|
21. | Agreement between the Republic of India and the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Andaman Sea, in the Coco Channel and in the Bay of Bengal Canada
| 23-12-1987 | 14-9-1987 | 14-9-1987
|
22. | Extradition Treaty betweenIndia and Canada
| 6-2-1987 | 10-2-1987 | 10-2-1987
| 23. | Bilateral Air Agreement between Indiaand Canada
| 10-2-1987 | 10-2-1987 |
| | | | | pg121
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
| 24. | Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Canada for the Professional Development and Training Facility Project
| 9-3-1987 | 9-3-1987 |
| 25. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Govrenment of Canada for the Idukki Hydroelectric Project
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987 |
|
26. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Government of Canada for the Andhra Pradesh Social Forestry Project
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987 |
|
27. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Government of Canada for the Power Sector Line of Credit
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987 |
|
28. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Government of Canada for the Oil and Gas Sector Line of Credit
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987
|
29. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Government of Canada for the Minerals Sector Line of Credit
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987
|
30. | Amendment to the Loan Agreement between the President of India and the Government of Canada for the Chamara Hydroelectric Project
| 5-5-1987 | 5-5-1987 |
|
31. | Memorandum of Understanding between the President of India and the Government of Canada relating to Oil and Gas Exploration and Development
| 16-10-1987 | 16-10-1987 |
|
32. | Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of India for the Oilseeds Development Project-Phase IICongo
| 16-10-1987 | 16-10-1987 | |
33. | Agreement on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Govern-ment of the Republic of India and the Gover-nment of the People's Republic of Congo Czechoslovakia
| 11-5-1985 | 2-7-1987 | 2-7-1987
|
| | | | pg122
|
| |
|
|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
| 34. | Agreement between the Government of India and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to taxes on Income Denmark
| 27-1-1986 | 13-3-1987 | 13-3-1987
|
35. | Financing Agreement between the Govern-ment of India and the Government of Den-mark German Democratic Republic | 22-12-1987 | 22-12-1987 | |
36. | Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Radio between All India Radio, Ministry ofInformation and Broadcasting in the Gover-nment of the Republic of India, and the State Committee for Sound Broadcasting at the Council of Ministers of the German Demo-cratic Republic
| 21-1-1987 | | 21-1-1987
|
37. | Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Television between Doordarshan India,Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in the Government of the Republic of India and the State Television Committee at the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic
| 29-1-1987 | | 29-1-1987 |
38. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the German Democratic Republic on Cooper-ation in the field of Posts and Telecommuni-cations Germany, Federal Republic of
| 28-5-1987 | | 28-5-1987
|
39. | Agreed Minutes of the Negotiations on Development Cooperation between India and the Federal Republic of Germany .
| 9-4-1987 | 9-4-1987
|
40. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany concern-ing Financial Cooperation Hungary
| 3-6-1987 | | 3-6-1987
|
41. | Convention between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Hungarian People's Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with respect to Taxes on Income Indonesia
| 30-10-1986 | 7-1-1987 | 7-1-1987
| | | | | pg123
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
| 42. | Agreement between the Republic of India and the Republic of Indonesia for the Avoi-dance of Double Taxation and the Preven-tion of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income Japan
| 7-8-1987 | 19-12-1987 | 19-12-1987
|
43. | Exchange of Notes between India and Japan regarding Japanese Grant Aid of Yen 600 million for 1986-87 for import of Fertilizer from Japan
| 30-3-1987 | | 30-3-1937 |
44. | Exchange of Notes between India and Japan regarding Japanese Cultural Grant Assistance of Yen thirty-eight million(supply of Sports Equipment to National Institute of Sports, 1986-87)
| 10-8-1987 | | 10-8-1987
|
45. | Exchange of Notes between India and Japan regarding Japanese Grant Assistance of one billion three hundred and forty-six million Yen (Equipment for Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute)
| 21-9-1987 | | 21-9-1987
|
46. | Exchange of Notes between India and Japan regarding OECF loan of sixty-eight billion, four hundred and seventy-seven million Yen Mauritius
| 21-9-1987 | | 21-9-1987 |
47. | Agreed Minutes of the Fourth Session of the Indo-Mauritius Joint Commission on Economic, Technical and Cultural Co-operation Mongolia
| 22-7-1987 | | 22-7-1987
| 48. | Programme of Cooperation between the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the Republic of India and the Ministry of Public Health of the Mongolian People's Republic in the field of Health and Medical Sciences for 1987-88 Nepal
| 21-8-1987 | | 21-8-1987
|
| | pg124 |
|
|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
| 49. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and His Majesty's Go-vernment of Nepal for setting up of an Industrial Estate at Rajbiraj
| 18-1-1987 | 18-1-1987 |
| 50. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and His Majesty's Go-vernment of Nepal on the setting up of a Joint Commission(Provisionally) Netherlands
| 20-6-1987 | 20-6-1987 |
| 51. | Loan Agreement between the President of India and De Nederlands Investeringsbank Voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. for ninety-one million six hundred thousand guilders
| 2-6-1987 | 2-6-1987 |
| 52. | Agreement between the President of India and De Nederlands Investeringsbank Voor ontwikkelingslanden regarding a loan of one hundred and thirty-three million Neder-lands guilders
| 30-6-1987 | 30-6-1987 |
| 53. | Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Telecommunications of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Transport and Public Works of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Cooperation in the Field of Telecommunications Nicaragua
| 19-9-1987 | 19-9-1987 |
| 54. | Cultural Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua Norway
| 9-9-1986 | 4-8-1987 | 4-8-1987
| 55. | Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway on Economic, Industrial and Technological Cooperation Romania
| 6-7-1987 | 6-7-1987 |
| 56. | Convention between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government or the Socialist Republic or Romania for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income Spain
| 10-3-1987 | 14-11-1987 | 14-11-1987
|
|
|
|
| | | | | pg125
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
|
|
| 57. | Air Transport Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Spain provisionally) Sri Lanka
| 10-4-1987 | 10-4-1987
| 58. | Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement to Establish Peace and Normalcy in Sri Lanka
| 29-7-1987 | 29-7-1987 |
| 59. | Credit Agreement between the Republic of India and the Government or the Demo-cratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Trinidad & Tobago
| 19-11-1987 | 19-11-1987 |
| 60. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Republic or Trinidad & Tobago conce-rning Technical and Scientific Cooperation
| 30-7-1985 | 25-9-1987 | 25-9-1987
| 61. | Cultural Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Trinidad & Tobago United Arab Emirates
| 13-3-1987 | 18-11-1987 | 18-11-1987
| 62. | Exchange of Letters between India and the United Arab Emirates for Extension of the agreement establishing the Indo-U.A.E.Joint Commission United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| 28-10-1987 | 28-10-1987 |
| 63. | Exchange of Notes between India and the United Kingdom regarding United Kingdom/India Coal Projects Grant, 1987
| 13-3-1987 | 13-3-1987 |
| 64. | Exchange of Notes between India and the United Kingdom regarding United King-dom/India Hindustan Zinc Aid Arrange-ment, 1987
| 13-3-1987 | 13-3-1987 |
| 65. | Exchange of Notes between India and the United Kingdom regarding United King-dom/India Nagarjunasagar Power Project Grant, 1987 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 16-9-1987 | 16-9-1987
| | | | | pg126
|
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
|
| 66. | Long Term Programme of Cooperation between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of India and the State Agro-Industrial Committee of the Union of So-viet Socialist Republics in the Field of Agriculture upto 2000 A.D. .
| 12-2-1987 | 12-2-1987 |
| 67. | Protocol between the Ministry of Commu- nications of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communications of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 14-2-1987 | 14-2-1987 |
| 68. | Programme of Cooperation in the field of Telecommunications between the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Posts and Tele-communications of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 14-2-1987 | 14-2-1987 |
| 69. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Cooperation in the field of Telecommuni-cations and Posts
| 9-4-1987 | 9-4-1987
| 70. | Integrated Long-term Programme of Cooperation in Science and Technology bet-ween the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 3-7-1987 | 3-7-1987 |
| 71. | Consular Convention between the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 27-11-1986 | 5-6-1987 | 4-7-1987
| 72. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the USSR on Economic and Technical Co-operation
| 24-11-1987 | 24-11-1987
| 73. | Protocol between the Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Education, Government of India, and the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specia-list Education of the Union of Soviet So-cialist Republics on Cooperation in the spheres of Higher Education and Training of students and highly qualified specialists
| for 1987-88 | 24-11-1987 | 24-11-1987 |
|
| | | | | pg127
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5)
|
| 74. | Protocol between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Equivalence of Certificates, Degrees and Diplomas Awarded by Universities and other Educational and Scientific Organi-sations and Institutions in the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| 24-11-1987 | 24-11-1987 |
| 75. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the USSR on the Development of New Forms of Economic Cooperation
| 24-11-1987 | 24-11-1987 |
| 76. | Protocol between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the USSR on Cooperation in the field of Tourism United States of America
| 24-11-1987 | 24-11-1987 |
| 77. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the United States of America on Educa-tional, Cultural and Scientific Cooperation
| 7-1-1987 | 7-1-1987 |
| 78. | Project Grant agreement between the President of India and the United States of America for Vaccine and Immunodiagnostic Development of the Indo-US Vaccine Action Programme
| 27-7-1987 | 27-7-1987 |
| 79. | Grant Agreement between the President of India and the United States of America for Private Voluntary Organisations for Health (PVOH) II-AID Project No. 386-0511 Vietnam
| 31-8-1987 | 31-8-1987 |
| 80. | Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam for Co-operation for the Utilization of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes
| 25-3-1986 | 14-5-1987 | 14-5-1987
|
| | pg128
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Appendix-IV Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars |
|
APPENDIX IV
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars etc. organized by Inter-Gov
ernmental
Organizations at which Government of India was represented in 1987-88
|
Sl.No. | Title of Conferences etc. | Venue | Date
|
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
|
| 1. | Preparatory Commission for International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
| Kingston | 30 March to Apr 16, 1987
| 2. | 11th Session of ILO Building, Civil Engineer-ing and Public Works Committee
| Geneva | 1 to 9 April 1987
| 3. | 10th Session of UN Commission on Human Settlements (UNCHS)
| Nairobi | 6 to 16 April 1987
| 4. | Annual Session of the Executive Council of the Universal Postal Union
| Berne | 23 April to 15 May 1987
| 5. | ILO Tripartite Preparatory Meeting on Em-ployment and Structural Adjustment
| Geneva | 27 to 29 April 1987
| 6. | Antarctic Mineral Regime Meeting | Montevideo | 11 to 20 May 1987
| 7. | Preparatory Meeting of XIV Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party
| Rio-de-Janerio | 4 to 8 May 1987
| 8. | 40th World Health Assembly | Geneva | 4 to 16 May 1987
| 9. | Tenth World Meteorological Congress | Geneva | 4 to 29 May 1987
| 10. | 39th Session of International Law Commission
| Geneva | 4 May to 24 July 1987
| 11. | ILO Meeting of Experts on Harmful Sub-stances in work establishments.
| Geneva | 5 to 13 May 1987
| 12. | First Regular Session of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
| New York | 5 to 29 May 1987
| 13. | 236th Session of the ILO Governing Body
| Geneva | 21 to 30 May 1987
| 14. | 44th Session of the Board of International Centre for Advanced Technical and Voca-tional Training
| Turin | 22 May 1987
| | | | pg129
|
|
|
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
|
| 15. | 23rd Session of the Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes of World Food Pro-gramme
| Rome | 25 May to 4 June 1987
| 16. | 34th Session of UNDP Governing Council | New York | 26 May to 19 June 1987
| 17. | 39th Session of WMO Executive Council | Geneva | 1 to 5 June 1987
| 18. | UNFPA Sponsored Global Meeting | Egypt & Mexico | 1 to 13 June 1987
| 19. | 73rd Session of the International Labour Conference
| Geneva | 3 to 24 June 1987
| 20. | 13th Ministerial Session of the World Food Council
| Beijing | 8 to 11 June 1987
| 21. | ILO/ARTEP Workshop on Maximising Deve-lopment Benefits from Overseas Migration
| New Delhi | 10 to 12 June 1987
| 22. | 58th Session of IMO Council | London | 15 to 19 June 1987
| 23. | 2nd Regular Session of the ECOSOC | Geneva | 23 June to 9 July 1987
| 24. | 237th Session of the ILO Governing Body | Geneva | 25 and 26 June 1987
| 25. | ILO Informational Network International Labour Migration Inter-Governmental Meeting
| Kathmandu | 2 to 4 July 1987
| 26. | 5th Session of the Preparatory Commission of the International Seabed Authority and of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
| New York | 26 July to 22 August 1987
| 27. | Vth Session of the ESCAP Committee on Population
| Bangkok | 17 to 21 August 1987
| 28. | Annual Session of the Executive Council of the Asia Pacific Postal Union and Governing Board Meeting of the Asia Pacific Postal Tra-ining Centre
| Beijing | 24 August to 1 September 1987
| 29. | International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development
| New York | 24 August to 11 September 1987
| 30. | 11th Conference of Asian and Pacific Labour Ministers
| Seoul | 1 to 4 September 1987
| 31. | 6th Session of WHO Regional Association-II Working Group on Meteorological Tele-communication
| Guangzhou(China) | 7 to 11 September 1987
| | | | pg130
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
|
| 32. | Management Labour Intensive Project under TCDC Programmer
| Jakarta | 7 to 19 Septembe 1987
| 33. | Inter-Country Meeting on Social Security Protection of Migrant Workers
| Jakarta | 15 to 17 September 1987
| 34. | 42nd Session of UN General Assembly
| NewYork | 15 September to December 1987
|
| 35. | Governing Bodies of World Intellectual Pro-perty Organisation (WIPO) and Unions administered by WIPO
| Geneva | 21 to 30 September 1987
| 36. | 74th (Maritime) Session of the International Labour Conference
| Geneva
| 24 September to 9 October 1987
| 37. | UNCTAD Asian Seminar on Restrictive Business Practices---ESCAP
| Bangkok | 28 September to 2 oct 1987
| 38. | ILO Workshop on Return Migration
| Ankara | 29 September to 7 October 1987
| 39. | ILO Workshop on Safety & Health Informa-tion Dissemination for selected Asian and Pacific countries
| Bangkok | 13 to 16 October 1987
| 40. | Commonwealth Summit | Vancouver | 13 to 17 October 1987
| 41. | Annual Session of the Consultative Council for Postal Studies (CCPS)
| Berne | 18 to 30 October 1987
| 42. | ILO/ARTEP Technical Workshop for esta-blishing a Regional clearing House of Infor-mation on Improved Technology for Cottage Industries
| New Delhi | 20 to 30 October 1987
| 43. | 24th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO
| Paris | 20 October to 21 November 1987
| 44. | 14th Session on ESCAP Committee on Natu-ral Resources
| Bangkok | 27 October to 2 November 1987
| 45. | Fourteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians
| Geneva | 28 October to 6 November 1987
| 46. | Conference of the International Centre for Public Enterprises (ICPE)
| Ljubljana (Yugoslavia) | 31 October to 6 November 1987
|
|
| | | | pg131
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
|
| 47. | ARTEP Consultants meeting on Trade and Employment amongst South Asian Countries
| New Delhi | 2 and 3 November 1987
| 48. | 45th Session of the Board of International Centre for Advanced Technical and Voca-tional Training
| Geneva | 6 November 1987
| 49. | 24th Session of the FAO Conference | Rome | 7 to 26 November 1987
| 50. | 29th Session of the International Institute of Labour Studies
| Geneva | 9 November 1987
| 51. | 238th Session of the ILO Governing Body
| Geneva | 9 to 20 November 1987
| 52. | 15th Session of IMO Assembly | London | 9 to 20 November 1987
| 53. | ILO High-Level Meeting on Employment and Structural Adjustment
| Geneva | 23 to 25 November 1987
| 54. | ILO Tripartite Meeting on Salaried Authors and Inventors
| Geneva | 24 November to 2 December 1987
| 55. | UN ESCAP Expert Group Consultative Meeting on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) in Water Re-sources Development
| Bangkok | 1 to 4 December 1987
| 56. | Third ILO Tripartite Technical Meeting for the Clothing Industry
| Geneva | 2 to 10 December 1987
| 57. | WMO Second Regional Cyclone Storm Surge Workshop
| Calcutta | 14 to 19 December 1987
| 58. | ARTEP Regional Workshop on Maximising Development Benefits from Overseas Migration
| Bangkok | 17 and 18 December 1987
| 59. | Meeting of WMO Regional Association-it Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology
| New Delhi | 11 to 15 January 1988
|
| | | | pg132
|
|
|
| |
|
Appendix-V Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars etc
|
APPENDIX V
Major International Conferences/Meetings/Seminars etc. organized by Non-Gove
rnmental
Organizations in which Indian experts participated in their personal capacity w
ith
Government assistance, in 1987-88 |
Sl. No. | Title of Conferences etc. | Venue | Date
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
|
| 1. | Meeting of ISO/TC-72/SC 1/SC 2 "Textile machinery and allied machinery and acces-sories"
| Beijing | 7 to Apr 10, 1987
| 2. | Meeting of Regional Liaison Officers of ISO (RLOs)
| Geneva | 3 May 1987
| 3. | ISO Development Committee (DEVCO) Workshop
| Geneva | 4 May 1987
| 4. | 22nd Meeting of ISO Council Committee on Development (DEVCO)
| Geneva | 5 and 6 May 1987
| 5. | Meeting of ISO/TC 147 "Water Quality" | Vienna | 6 to 15 May 1987
| 6. | Meeting of ISO Council Committee on Con- formity Assessment (CASCO)
| Geneva | 7 and 8 May 1987
| 7. | Meeting of ISO/TC 46 and its sub-committee "Documentation"
| Moscow | 18 to 22 May 1987
| 8. | Meeting of ISO/TC 149/SCI/SC2 "Cycles" | Montegrotto | 18 to 22 May 1987
| 9. | Meetings of IEC Council and Committee of Action.
| Prague | 6 to 18 July 1987
| 10. | 19th IUGG/IASPEI General Assembly
| Vancouver | 9 to 22 August 1987
| 11. | Fourth United Nations International NGO Meeting on Question of Palestine
| Geneva | 7 to 9 September 1987
| 12. | Meeting of ISO/TC 113 and its sub-commit-tees "Measurement of liquid flow in open channels" London
| 28 September to | 9 October 1987
|
| | | | pg133
|
|
| |
|
Appendix-VI Miscellaneous Major International Conferences |
|
APPENDIX VI
Miscellaneous Major International Conferences etc. in 1987-88 at which Gov
ernment of India
was represented or in which Indian experts participated with Government of
India's assistance in their personal capacity |
|
Sl.No.
|
Title of
Conferences etc. |
Venue
|
Date
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
1. |
International Conference on Personal Computers'Perscomp 87'.
|
Sofia
|
21 to Apr
24, 1987 |
2. |
5th Meeting
of SAARC Technical Committee on Meteorology |
Male
|
23 to 25
April 1987 |
3. |
SAARC
Seminar on Meteorological Instrumentation - |
Karachi
|
27 to 30
April 1987 |
4. |
6th
International Meeting on Radiation Processing |
Ottawa
|
31 May to 5
June 1987 |
5. |
UN Asian,
Regional Seminar/NGO Symposium on the Question of Palestine
|
New Delhi
|
8 to 12
June 1987 |
6. |
2nd
International Conference on Hot Isostatic Pressing -
|
Sweden
|
15 to 17
June 1987 |
7. |
1987
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Antennas and Propagative Society, URSI
International Symposium. |
Blacksburg
|
15 to 19
June 1987 |
8. |
8th
International Congress of Radiation Research |
Edinburgh
|
19 to 24
July 1987 |
9. |
20th
Session of UNCITRAL United Nations Commission
on International Trade Law |
Vienna
|
21 to 26
July 1987 |
10. |
Law of the
Sea's Institutes Annual Conference Hawaii(USA) |
Honolulu.
|
3 to 6
August 1987 |
11. |
6th
International Conference on Mathematical Modelling |
St. Louis
|
4 to 7
August 1987 |
12. |
39th
Session of Sub-Commission on Prevention of
Discrimination and Protection of Minorities |
Geneva
|
10 August
to 4 September 1987 |
13. |
SPIE's 31st
Annual International Technical Symposium
on Optical and Optoelectronics Science and Engineering Applied |
San Diego
|
16 to 21
August 1987 |
|
|
|
PG134 |
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
14. |
International Conference on Combinatics, optimization and Statistics organised by Indian
Management Development Institute |
Srinagar
|
17 to
21August1987 |
15. |
International Conference and Workshop on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility |
Bangalore
|
2 to 11
September 1987 |
16. |
SWIFT
International Banking Operations Seminar(SIBOS)87 |
Canada, USA
|
7 to 17
September 1987 |
17. |
6th Meeting
of SAARC Technical Committee on
Meteorology |
Kathmandu
|
10 and 11
September 1987 |
18. |
International Symposium on 'New Technology organised Testing in Hydraulic Research' in Model by Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi
|
Pune | 24 to
26 September 1987 |
19. |
International Conference on "Computer Communication for Developing Countries" organized by CMC Ltd. |
New Delhi
|
27 to 30
October 1987 |
20. |
International Textile Conference 1987 |
New Delhi
|
27 to 29
November 1987 |
21. |
International Conference on Thin Films at IIT Delhi
|
Delhi
|
17 to 11
December 1987 |
22. |
Working
Group on World Level Classifications convened by UNSO/SOEC -
|
Luxemburg
|
14 to 22
December 1987 |
23. |
International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete -
|
Madras
|
16 to 19
December 1987 |
24. |
International Symposium on "Adoption of New
Techniques far Power Distribution Systems"
organised by Central Board of Irrigation and Power |
Calcutta
|
17 to 19
December 1987 |
25. |
SAARC
Seminar on Agricultural Meteorology |
Kathmandu
|
21 to 24
December 1987 |
|
|
|
PG135 |
|
|
Appendix-VII
Statement showing number of Passports
|
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX VII
Statement showing number of
Passports/Miscellaneous service's applications r eceived and
number of Passports issued/Miscellaneous services rendered during the
period Ja nuary to December 1987 |
Sl.No.
|
Station
|
No. of passport applications received
|
No. of passports issued
|
No. of applications for Misc. services
|
No. of Misc.services rendered received
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
|
1. |
Ahmedabad
|
70,186
|
69,296
|
34,852
|
34,217
|
2. |
Bangalore
|
44,015
|
42,308
|
23,703
|
23,553
|
3. |
Bareilly
|
53,626
|
43,688
|
19,030
|
19,033
|
4. |
Bhopal
|
15,786
|
14,278
|
7,745
|
8,049
|
5. |
Bhubaneshwar |
3,333
|
2,963
|
1,550
|
1,388
|
6. |
Bombay
|
2,32,287
|
2,22,343
|
1,49,504
|
1,48,969
|
7. |
Calcutta
|
49,761
|
47,695
|
24,045
|
23,897
|
8. |
Chandigarh
|
62,551
|
61,025
|
29,258
|
28,756
|
9. |
Cochin
|
81,980
|
68,081
|
77,613
|
76,151
|
10. |
Delhi
|
85,569
|
78,500
|
51,903
|
47,548
|
11. |
Guwahati
|
3,764
|
3,631
|
1,185
|
1,138
|
12. |
Hyderabad
|
64,806
|
64,645
|
47,035
|
46,905
|
13. |
Jaipur
|
29,414
|
27,430
|
18,973
|
17,538
|
14. |
Jalandhar
|
57,249
|
35,445
|
49,005
|
44,883
|
15. |
Kozhikode
|
72,097
|
63,219
|
65,500
|
63,846
|
16. |
Lucknow
|
39,029
|
32,897
|
12,037
|
12,431
|
17. |
Madras
|
68,565 |
71,132 |
47,791
|
47,688
|
18. |
Patna
|
10,000
|
8,394
|
7,061
|
6,974
|
19. |
Srinagar
|
7,478
|
6,059
|
3,738
|
3,570
|
20. |
Tiruchirapalli |
56,105
|
56,286
|
37,503
|
35,343
|
21. |
Panaji
(Goa) |
10,362
|
10,480
|
10,313
|
10,272
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
11,17,963
|
10,29,795
|
7,19,344
|
02,149
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PG136 |
|
|
| |
|
Appendix-VIII
Statement showing revenue and expenditure |
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX VIII
Statement showing revenue and expenditure in
respect of Passport offices in Ind ia during the period January to
December 1987 |
Sl.No.
|
Station
|
Revenue
earned (in
Rupees) |
Expenditure incurred (in Rupees)
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
1. |
Ahmedabad
|
67,17,849.15 |
24,69,402.06 |
2. |
Bangalore
|
42,28,367.50 |
21,11,096.70 |
3. |
Bareilly
|
45,25,411.50 |
20,32,959.45 |
4. |
Bhopal
|
14,46,761.00 |
7,19,790.00
|
5. |
Bhubaneshwar |
2,83,125.40
|
3,74,192.15
|
6. |
Bombay
|
2,02,91,495.71 |
69,49,470.30 |
7. |
Calcutta
|
39,12
841.00 |
16,95,360.00 |
8. |
Chandigarh
|
58,84,474.66 |
27,94,780.36 |
9. |
Cochin
|
84,44,298.79 |
30,15,178.25 |
10. |
Delhi
|
88,88,691.64 |
45,88,223.59 |
11. |
Guwahati
|
4,73,849.00
|
3,15,007.18
|
12. |
Hyderabad
|
61,37,590.00 |
22,84,471.65 |
13. |
Jaipur
|
29,36,158.00 |
16,26,251.00 |
14. |
Jalandhar
|
63,99,030.00 |
1,51,245.00
|
15. |
Kozhikode
|
69,38,655.75 |
19,37,325.55 |
16. |
Lucknow
|
34,37,464.50 |
16,75,059.10 |
17. |
Madras
|
67,23,136.63 |
26,74,863.07 |
18. |
Patna
|
10,95,522.00 |
6,68,088.20
|
19. |
Srinagar
|
7,48,115.00
|
3,71,934.00
|
20. |
Tiruchirapalli |
55,40,649.00 |
20,01,539.00 |
21. |
Panaji
(Goa) |
13,91,616.00 |
Not
available as it is incurred by State Government. |
|
TOTAL
|
10,64,45,102.23 |
4,04,56,236.61 |
|
|
|
PG137 |
|
|
|
| |
Appendix-IX
Cadre strength at-Headquarters |
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX IX
Cadre strength at-Headquarters and 140
Missions/Posts abroad during 1987-88 |
Sl.No.
|
Cadre/Post
|
Posts at Head-quarters
|
Posts at Missions abroad
|
Total Posts
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
|
|
IFS
|
|
1. |
Grade I
|
3
|
18
|
21
|
2. |
Grade II
|
3
|
25
|
28
|
3. |
Grade III
|
20
|
79
|
99
|
4. |
Grade IV
|
15
|
65
|
80
|
5. |
Sr. Scale
|
56
|
200
|
256
|
6. |
Jr. Scale
|
5
|
42
|
47
|
7. |
Training
Reserve (Prob.) Jr. Scale |
25
|
25
|
8. |
Training
Reserve for all Grades |
10
|
10
|
9. |
Leave
Reserve |
19
|
19
|
10. |
Deputation
Reserve |
20
|
20
|
|
IFS(B)
|
1. |
Grade I
|
62
|
63
|
125
|
2. |
Grade
II/III |
167
|
163
|
330
|
3. |
Grade IV
|
359
|
516
|
875
|
4. |
Grade V/VI
|
451
|
196
|
647
|
5. |
Grade II of
Cypher Sub-Cadre |
81
|
119
|
200
|
6. |
Selection
Grade of Steno Cadre |
17
|
35
|
52
|
7. |
Grade I of
Steno Cadre |
32
|
164
|
196
|
8. |
Grade II of
Steno Cadre |
204
|
238
|
442
|
9. |
Grade III
of Steno Cadre |
42
|
79
|
121
|
|
Combined
Research Cadre |
22
|
6
|
28
|
|
Interpreter's Cadre |
15
|
15
|
30
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
1628
|
2023
|
3651
|
|
|
|
|
|
PG138 |
|
|
Appendix-X Cadre strength of IFS
|
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX X
Cadre strength of IFS during 1987-88 |
Sl. No. | Grades | Total Posts
| (1) | (2) | (3)
|
| 1. | Grade I | 21
| 2. | Grade II | 28
| 3. | Grade III | 99
| 4. | Grade IV | 80
| 5. | Sr. Scale | 256
| 6. | Jr. Scale | 47
| 7. | Training Reserve (Prob.) Jr. Scale | 25
| 8. | Training Reserve for all Grades | 10
| 9. | Leave Reserve | 19
| 10. | Deputation Reserve | 20
|
| | TOTAL | 605
|
| | | pg139
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Appendix-XI Foreign Language Chart |
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX XI
Foreign Language Chart
|
Sl.No. | Language Know | Total No. of Officers Passed/the Language
|
(1) | (2) | (3)
|
| 1. | Arabic | 84
| 2. | Bahasa Indonesia | 7
| 3. | Burmese | 2
| 4. | Chinese | 42
| 5. | Dutch | 1
| 6. | French | 78
| 7. | German | 44
| 8. | Gorkhali | 4
| 9. | Hungarian | 1
| 10. | Italian | 4
| 11. | Japanese | 25
| 12. | Kiswahili | 11
| 13. | Malay | 2
| 14. | Persian | 16
| 15. | Polish | 1
| 16. | Portuguese | 12
| 17. | Russian | 65
| 18. | Serbo-Croatian | 4
| 19. | Sinhalese | 3
| 20. | Spanish | 54
| 21. | Swedish | 1
| 22. | Thai | 2
| 23. | Tibetan | 3
| 24. | Turkish | 1
| 25. | Vietnamese | 2
|
| | | pg140 |
| |
|
Appendix-XII Revenue expenditure of the Ministry
|
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX XII
Revenue expenditure of the Ministry during the Financial year 1987-88
|
| Revised Estimates
| 1987-88 (Rs. in lakhs)
|
|
| | Headquarters | 22,20.00
| | Mission/Posts Abroad | 93,50.00
| | Supply Wing Washington/London | 2,00.00
| | Other Items |
| | Contribution to UN, Commonwealth Secretariat, SAARC Secretariat
| | and other International Institutions | 4,75.00
| | Central Passport Organisation | 9,00.00
| | Special Diplomatic Expenditure | 71,50.00
| | Grant-in-aid to ICCR and other organisations | 4,89.00
| | Other Misc. Items | 8,50.00
| | Aid |
| | Aid to Bangladesh | 2,66.00
| | Aid to Bhutan | 63,00.00
| | Aid to Nepal | 13,16.00
| | Aid to other Developing Countries(including Rs. 1200 lakhs to Sri Lanka and Rs. 350 lakhs to Maldives)
| 46,99.00
| | ITEC Programmes | 12,95.00
| | SAARC programmes | 1,25.00 | | Aid under AFRICA |
| Fund | 16,66.00 |
| | TOTAL | 3,73,01.00
|
| | pg141
|
|
| |
|
Appendix-XIII Expenditure on Indian Missions/Posts Abroad |
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX XIII
Expenditure on Indian Missions/Posts Abroad and Headquarters during 1987-8
8
The estimated expenditure on the Headquarters Organisation of the Ministry
during the
financial year 1987-88 is expected to be Rs. 2220.00 lakhs out of which Rs. 273
.00 lakhs will
be on External Publicity; Rs. 222.00 lakhs on Travel Expenses; Rs. 587.00 lakhs
on Salaries
and Wages of Establishment; Rs. 7. 00 lakhs on Subsidy to Departmental Canteen;
Rs. 565.00
lakhs on Rents and Maintenance and Rs. 566.00 lakhs on other items.
The total estimated expenditure on Indian Missions abroad including Supply
Wings
(Washington & London) is expected to be Rs. 9550.00 lakhs. This amount comprise
s
Rs. 3675.00 lakhs, on Salaries, Wages, Allowances including Foreign Allowance;
Rs. 1162.00
lakhs on Transfer and Home Leave Passages and Local Tours; Rs. 2302.00 lakhs on
Rents,
Rates & Taxes as well as on Maintenance and Repairs of accommodation owned/rent
ed for
Missions abroad and Rs. 2411.00 lakhs on other Miscellaneous Items.
Average expenditure per Mission Abroad is expected to be Rs. 67.25 lakhs.
The expenditure mentioned above on Headquarters and Missions/Posts abroad
including
expenditure on Publicity works out to approximately 31.55% of the total estimat
ed Revenue
Expenditure of this Ministry. The remaining 68.45 % of the Revenue Estimates of
the Ministry
are being spent on various aid programmes to neighbouring and other developing
countries,
aid under the AFRICA Fund, contributions to United Nations and other Internatio
nal Bodies,
Passport Organisations, Hospitality and other Miscellaneous items. |
pg142 |
Appendix-XIV Statement showing the total number of employees |
|
APPENDIX XIV
Statement showing the total number of employees (both permanent and temporary
) in the Ministry
of External Affairs under various groups and representation of Scheduled Cast
es and Scheduled
Tribes therein (Position as on Dec 31, 1987)
|
Group | Total | Scheduled | % of | Scheduled | % of
| | No. of | Castes | Total | Tribes | Total
| | Employees | | Employees | | Employees
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6)
| Group 'A' | 744 | 96 | 12.90% | 38 | 5.10%
| Group 'B' | 1795 | 161 | 8.97% | 25 | 1.39%
| Group 'C' | 882 | 104 | 11.79% | 39 | 4.42%
| Group 'D' (Excluding Sweepers) | 468 | 110 | 23.5% | 7 | .5%
| Group 'D' | 28 | 14 | 50% | |
| | | | | | pg143 |
|
|
Dec 31, 1987
Appendix-XV Statement showing the number of appointments
|
|
Jan 01, 1987
APPENDIX XV
Statement showing the number of appointments
(both by direct recruitment and promotion) made in various Groups
in the Ministry of External Affairs and reserved vacancies filled by
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes during the year 1987
|
Group
|
No.of vacancies dereserved
due to nonavailability of reserved candidates Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes
|
Total Number of Vacancies filled for reserved candidates
|
Number of vacancies reserved for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribe
|
Number of reserved candidates
appointed Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
(7)
|
(8)
|
Group 'A'
|
038
|
07
|
04
|
04
|
1
|
Group 'B'
|
112
|
28
|
14
|
18
|
5
|
3
|
Group 'C'
|
037
|
07
|
02
|
07
|
7
|
Group 'D' (excluding
Sweepers)
|
040
|
04
|
01
|
04
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PG144 |
|
|
| |
Appendix-XVI
International Conferences/Meetings |
|
APPENDIX XVI
International Conferences/Meetings hosted by the Ministries
Departments of the Government of India and other Organisations
during 1987 for which logistical arrange- ments were male by the
Conference Cell of the Ministry of External Affairs
|
Sl.No.
|
Title of
Conference/Meeting |
Date
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|
1. |
AFRICA Fund
Summit |
19 to 20
JAN 1987 |
|
d Summit | 19 to @@1987012 |
2. |
Meeting of
Experts from the SAARC Countries on Expanding and Strengthening Regional Cooperation |
23 to 26
February 1987 |
3. |
Meeting of
Group of Experts from SAARC Countries on Terrorism |
15 to 18
March 1987 |
4. |
Meeting of Non-Governmental
Organisations(NGOs) |
|
on
Palestine Liberation Organisation(PLO) question sponsored by the United Nations
|
8 to 12
June 1987 |
5. |
3rd Session
of the Council of Ministers from SAARC |
|
Countries
|
14 to 19
June 1987 |
6. |
Meeting of
Senior Officials of AFRICA Fund Committee |
4 to 7
August 1987 |
7. |
Global
Steering Committee Meeting of Parliamentarians |
|
Action for
Removal of Apartheid |
17 and 18
August 1987 |
8. |
SAARC
Sub-Committee Meeting on Air Traffic Control |
|
and
Communication |
16 to 18
September 1987 |
9. |
Ist Meeting
of SAARC Audio-Visual Exchange |
|
Committee
|
21 and 22
September 1987 |
10. |
Commemorative Conference on the 40th Anniversary of
|
|
the
Asian Relations Conference |
2 to 5
October 1987 |
11. |
Second
Meeting of the SAARC Audio-Visual Exchange |
|
(SAVE)
Committee |
2 and 3
February 1988 |
|
|
|
PG145 |
|
| |
Appendix-XVII
Training Programmes organised by the Foreign Service |
|
APPENDIX XVII
Training Programmes organised by the Foreign Service Training
Institute (FST I) during 1987 |
Sl.No.
|
Title of
the Training Programme |
Date
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|
1. |
First Basic
Professional Course |
5 to Jan
2,1987 |
|
Äÿ3 Ba c
Professional Course |
5 to
@@1987012 |
2. |
Second
Basic Professional Course |
2 to 23
February 1987 |
3. |
India's
Foreign Trade-Six-week Course organised at |
|
Indian
Institute of Foreign Trade |
2 March to
13 April 1987 |
4. |
Third Basic
Professional Course |
2 to 27
March 1987 |
5. |
Fourth
Basic Professional Course |
1 to 30
April 1987 |
6. |
Fifth Basic
Professional Course |
4 to 28 May
1987 |
7. |
India's
Foreign Policy and External Relations |
1 to 12
June 1987 |
8. |
4th
Refresher Course for Heads of Diplomatic Missions |
|
(Americas)
|
12 to 20
June 1987 |
9. |
Consular
and Passport Work |
22 to 26
June 1987 |
10. |
National
Security in the Nuclear Age |
6 to 17
July 1987 |
11. |
Sixth Basic
Professional Course |
6 to 31
July 1987 |
12. |
Administration and Accounts |
20 to 31
July 1987 |
13. |
International Law-Current Issues of Importance to India
|
27 to 31
July 1987
|
14. |
Cultural
Work |
3 to 14
August 1987 |
15. |
Orientation
for IFS Probationers of 1987 Batch |
12 to 21
August 1987 |
16. |
External
Publicity |
17 to 21
August 1987 |
17. |
Computer
Appreciation |
17 to 21
August 1987 |
18. |
Seventh
Basic Professional Course |
24 Aug. to
25 Sep. 1987 |
19. |
Communications and Security |
24 to 28
August 1987 |
20. |
Eighth
Basic Professional Course |
5 Oct. to 6
Nov. 1987 |
21. |
Ninth Basic
Professional Course |
16 Nov. to
18 Dec. 1987 |
22. |
First
Course on Personal Computers |
14 to 18
December 1987 |
23. |
Tenth Basic
Professional Course |
25 Dec.
1987 to 29 January 1988 |
|
|
|
|
| |
No. of those who
availed of programmes organised by FSTI during 1987
|
|
Heads of
Indian Diplomatic Missions |
11
|
|
Military
Attaches |
10
|
|
IFS
Probationers (1985 batch) |
12
|
|
IFS
Probationers (1986 batch) |
12
|
|
Directors
|
4
|
|
Deputy
Secretaries |
7
|
|
Under
Secretaries |
16
|
|
RP Os
|
4
|
|
Section
Officers |
61
|
|
Assistants
|
130
|
|
PSs/PAs
|
4
|
|
UDCs
|
11
|
|
LDCs
|
2
|
|
Foreign
Service wives |
5
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
289
|
|
PG147 |
|
| |
Appendix-XVIII
VVIP visits to India
|
APPENDIX XVIII
VVIP visits to India during 1987-88 |
Sl. No.
|
Heads of
State/Government |
Date
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|
1. |
H. E. Mr.
Poul Schlueter |
|
Prime
Minister of Denmark and Mrs.Schlueter |
11 to Jan
18, 1987 |
2. |
H.E. Dr.
Alan Garcia Perez |
|
President
of Peru |
23 to 29
January 1987 |
3. |
H.E. Dato'
Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad |
|
Prime
Minister of Malaysia |
29 January
to 1 February 1987 |
4. |
H.E. Mr.
Mauno Koivisto |
|
President
of Finland and Mrs. Koivisto |
2 to 5
February 1987 |
5. |
H.E.
General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq |
|
President
of Pakistan |
21 to 23
February 1987 |
6. |
H.E. Mr.
R.F.M. Lubbers |
|
Prime
Minister of the Netherlands and Mrs. Lubbers |
2 to 4
March 1987 |
7. |
H.E. Mr.
Nicolae Ceausescu |
|
President
of Romania and Mrs. Ceausescu |
9 to 12
March 1987 |
8. |
H.E. Mr.
Jose Eduardo Dos Santos |
|
President
of Angola |
1 to 4
April 1987 |
9. |
H.E. Mrs.
Gro Harlem Brundtland |
|
Prime
Minister of Norway |
6 to 9 July
1987 |
10. |
H.E. Mr.
Yasser Arafat |
|
Chairman of
the Palestine Liberation Organisation |
3 to 5
August 1987 |
11. |
H.E. Mr. J.
R. Jayewardene |
|
President
of Sri Lanka and Mrs. Jayewardene |
5 to 7
November 1987 |
12. |
H.E. Mr. N.
I. Ryzhkov | 20 to 25 November 1987 |
|
Prime
Minister of USSR and Mrs. Ryzhkov |
|
13. |
H.E. Ati
George Sokomanu |
|
President
of Vanuatu and Mrs. Sokomanu |
13 to 16
December 1987 |
14. |
H.E. Mr.
Giovanni Goria |
|
Prime
Minister of Italy and Mrs. Eugenia Goria |
8 to 10
January 1988 |
15. |
H.E. Mr. J.
R. Jayewardene |
|
President
of Sri Lanka and Mrs. Jayewardene |
25 to 30
January 1988 |
16. |
H.E. Mr. Li
Gun Mo |
18 to 21 February 1988 |
|
Prime
Minister of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea This does
not include Heads of State/Government who visited for the AFRICA Fund Summit.
|
|
|
PG148 |
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|
|
FOREIGN
MINISTERS |
|
1. |
H.E. Mr.
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan |
|
Foreign
Minister of Pakistan |
15 and 16
January 1987 |
2. |
H.E. Mr.
Charles Joseph Clark |
|
Foreign
Minister of Canada |
5 to 11
February 1987 |
3. |
H.E. Mr.
Abdul Wakil |
|
Foreign
Minister of Afghanistan |
7 to 11
February 1987 |
4. |
H.E. Dr.
Ali Akbar Velayati |
|
Foreign
Minister of Iran |
19 and 20
February 1987 |
5. |
Sir Satcam
Boolell |
|
Foreign
Minister of Mauritius |
19 Feb. to
2 March 1987 |
6. |
H.E. Mr.
Kim Yong Nam |
|
Foreign
Minister of DPR Korea |
26 to 28
February 1987 |
7. |
H.E. Mr.
Jean Bernand Raimond |
|
Foreign
Minister of France |
5 and 6
March 1987 |
8. |
H.E. Mr.
Shailendra Kumar Upadhyay |
|
Foreign
Minister of Nepal |
23 to 26
March 1987 |
9. |
H.E. Dr.
Enrique V. Iglesias |
|
Foreign
Minister of Uruguay |
26 and 27
March 1987 |
10. |
H.E. Mr.
Shailendra Kumar Upadhyay |
|
Foreign
Minister of Nepal |
20 and 21
June 1987 |
11. |
H.E. Mr. T.
Kuranari |
|
Foreign
Minister of Japan |
10 and 11
August 1987 |
12. |
H.E. Mr.
Ibrahim Mukibi |
|
Foreign
Minister of Uganda |
16 to 21
August 1987 |
13. |
H.E. U Ye
Goung |
|
Foreign
Minister of Burma |
12 to 17
September 1987 |
14. |
H.E. Mr.
Berhanu Bayih |
|
Foreign
Minister of Ethiopia |
26 to 29
November 1987 |
15. |
H.E. Dr.
Ali Akbar Velayati |
|
Foreign
Minister of Iran |
17 to 20
November 1987 |
16. |
H.E. Mr.
Shailendra Kumar Upadhyay |
|
Foreign
Minister of Nepal |
7 and 8
December 1987 |
17. |
H.E. Dr.
Ahmad Taleb Ibrahimi |
|
Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Algeria Mrs. Ibrahimi |
25 to 30
January 1988 |
|
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|
PG149 |
|
| |
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
OTHERS
|
1. |
H.E. Mrs.
Lisbeth Palme |
|
Wife of
late Prime Minister of Sweden |
25 January
to 2 Feb. 1987 |
2. |
H.E. Sir
Charles Gaetan Duval |
|
Deputy
Prime Minister of Mauritius |
29 Jan. to
6 Feb. 1987 |
3. |
H.I.H.
Prince Naruhito of Japan |
19 to 25
Match 1987 |
4. |
H.R.H.
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand |
10 to 28
March 1987 |
5. |
H.E. Mr. V.
M. Kamentsev |
|
Deputy
Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers |
7 to 12
April 1987 |
6. |
H.E. Mr.
Junius Nyerere |
|
Former
President of Tanzania |
17 and 18
April 1987 |
7. |
H.E. Mr.
Anatoly F. Dobrynin |
|
Secretary,
Central Committee of the Communist Party |
|
of the
Soviet Union |
20 to 27
May 1987 |
8. |
H.E. Mrs.
V. S. Shevtchenko |
|
Vice-President of U.S.S.R. |
13 to 26 August 1987
|
9. |
H.E. Dr. A.
Ranganathan |
|
Special
Adviser to the President of Tanzania |
18 Aug. to
3 Sep. 1987 |
10. |
H.E. Dr. S.
S. Ramphal |
|
Secretary-General of Commonwealth |
3 to 5
September 1987 |
11. |
Mama C. T.
Kadzamira |
|
Official
Hostess of Malawi |
1 to 6
October 1987 |
12. |
H.E. Mr.
Otto Stich |
|
Vice-President of Switzerland |
11 to 16
October 1987 |
13. |
Mr.
Jonannes Rau |
|
Minister-President of North Rhine Westphalia (FRG)
|
22 to 29
November 1987 |
14. |
H.E. Dr.
S.S. Ramphal |
|
Secretary-General of Commonwealth |
6 to 11
December 1987 |
15. |
H.E. Mr.
Piet Bukeman |
|
Minister
for Development Cooperation of the |
|
Netherlands
|
10 to 19
January 1988 |
16. |
H.E. Mr.
Diaullah Al Fattal |
|
Vice
Minister For Foreign Affairs of Syria |
11 to 15
January 1988 |
17. |
H.E. Mr. U
Khin Muang Gyi |
|
Minister
for Trade of Burma |
23 Jan. to
8 Feb. 1988 |
| |
|