java script is required for this page
Foreign Affairs Records

Foreign Affairs Documentation Bulletin, April 2016

Contents
AUSTRALIA1
BURKINA FASO3
CHINA4
EGYPT19
EUROPE20
FINLAND25
GERMANY26
GHANA28
INDIA29
IRAQ37
JAMAICA39
KENYA40
MALAWI41
MIDDLE EAST42
MYANMAR43
NORWAY44
SOUTH AFRICA45
SOVIET46
TAIWAN47
 TANZANIA48
TERRORISM49
USA57
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT/KEYWORD INDEX

AUSTRALIA

         -POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

1. Halligan, John and Reid, Richard
Conflict and Consensus in Committees of the Australian Parliament.
Parliamentary Affairs, 69(2), 2016(April): 230-248.

The extension of dissent to committee reporting in the Australian parliament has been one product of a period of significant institutional change. Previously, the norm of consensuality had primarily produced unanimous committee reports; however, during the 1980s and 1990s dissenting reports became more common. This article demonstrates that the trend for dissent in committee reporting has continued and reached heightened levels in the Senate. In addition, the conditions of the hung parliament, 2010–2013, significantly increased the level of dissent in the committees of the House of Representatives. These developments have important implications for how parliament functions and how debate is conducted on issues of public policy.
** Australia-Politics and government; Australia-Conflict and consensus; Australia-Parliamentary committees.|
Control No : 42786

2. Lausberg, A K
Women and Representation: Cross-Party Collaboration in the Australian Federal Parliament.
Parliamentary Affairs, 69 (2), 2016(April): 249-268.

The Parliament of Australia has been host to a rare phenomenon of ‘cross-party collaboration’ (CPC), in which politicians work together across party lines by co-sponsoring a bill or voting together in a conscience vote. CPC points to gaps in political parties' platforms, leading individual politicians to seek representation of issues outside party divisions. This article explores the phenomenon of CPC and outlines different ways it has been used by politicians. As will be demonstrated, CPC in the Australian context is relatively gendered as mainly women politicians have used it to advance socio-moral issues, suggesting an alternative style of representation.
** Australia-Politics and government; Australia-Parliamentary committee; Australia-Political parties.
Control No : 42787

BURKINA FASO

         -GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS

3. Dowd-Uribe, Brian and Schnurr, Matthew A
Briefing: Burkina Faso's reversal on genetically modified cotton and the implications for Africa.
African Affairs: The Journal of the Royal African Society, 115(458), 2016(January): 161-172.

This briefing reviews the experiences of South African farmers with GM cotton, which has emerged as the crucial precedent highlighting the value of GM crops for poor farmers. It then turns to the case of Burkina Faso, which became the showcase for how GM crops can benefit smallholder African farmers. However, as shown here, Burkina Faso has begun a complete phase-out of GM cotton, citing the inferior lint quality of the GM cultivars as the reason for abandoning its cultivation. Burkina Faso's phase-out could stall or even end negotiations to adopt GM cotton in other Francophone African countries with similar concerns over cotton quality. More generally, Burkina Faso's reversal could undermine public trust in GM crops across …
** Burkina Faso-Genetically modified crops; Burkina Faso-Genetically modified cotton.
Control No : 42785
 

4. Yao, Yuan and Han, Rongbin
Challenging, but not Trouble-Making: cultural elites in China’s urban heritage preservation.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 292-306.

Urban heritage preservation is gaining momentum in China as massive urban renovation has put many historical sites under threat. A group of renowned scholars, experts and artists have played an important role in leading and coordinating the movement. How do these cultural elites promote urban heritage preservation? How do they mediate state–society interactions and navigate the authoritarian regime to achieve their goals? This article explores how cultural elites take advantage of their intermediary position between officialdom and citizenry by not only mobilizing urban residents and the media to counter-balance the state, but also balancing different levels and sectors of the party-state against each other. Such a ‘double balance’ approach maximizes their influence within both the state and society, pushing forward the otherwise non-prioritized goal of heritage preservation.
**China-Cultural heritage preservation; China-Urban heritage preservation.

Control No : 42771

         -ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

5. Wang, Xinhong
Requests for Environmental Information Disclosure in China: an understanding from legal mobilization and citizen activism.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 233-247.

This article analyzes the fairly recent phenomenon of citizens and organizations requesting disclosure of environmental information in China. Chinese citizens and organizations are invoking the new open government information regulations to push government agencies, particularly environmental protection agencies, to fulfill their legal obligation of information disclosure. By requesting that government agencies disclose environmental information, citizens and organizations have turned themselves into active agents pushing forward the implementation of the new regulations. The findings of this article suggest that a bottom-up legal mobilization in the field of environmental information disclosure, though still with a limited scope, has been happening and endeavoring to make social and political changes in China. Furthermore, this legal mobilization can be seen as an important part of emerging civil society activities in contemporary China.
** China-Environmental problems; China-Pollution issues.
Control No : 42768
 

6. Zhongab, Yang and Hwangb, Wonjae
Pollution, Institutions and Street Protests in Urban China.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 216-232.

Street protests have become commonplace in China. Utilizing extensive survey data, this study attempts to shed light on the nature of environmental street protests in China. The key question to be answered in the article is: why, facing the same issue, do some people choose the option of participating in street protests while others do not? Multivariate analytical findings indicate that Chinese urban residents’ willingness to participate in street protests over a hypothetical pollution issue in China is significantly related to their attitudes toward institutions in China. What motivates people to participate in street protests has a lot to do with their trust and support of the political system in China and their perceived government transparency. In other words, these protests are not just what Lewis Coser calls ‘realistic conflicts’ which primarily involve specific issues and solutions. One implication from this study is that street protests in China may not be as benign and non-regime threatening as some scholars might think.
**China-Environmental problems; China-Pollution issues.
Control No : 42767
 

         -FINANCIAL CRISIS

7. Montasser, Ghassen El, Fry, John and Apergis, Nicholas
Explosive bubbles in the US–China exchange rate? Evidence from right-tailed unit root tests.
China Economic Journal, 9(1), 2016(February): 34-46.

In this article we apply novel right-tailed unit root (sup Augmented Dickey-Fuller (SADF) and generalized sup ADF) tests to the China–US exchange rate. The empirical results document that the recent financial crisis in 2008 may be preceded by early warning signs of exuberance. Using the SADF test, evidence of an explosive behavior in the nominal exchange is found from 2005 onwards. This period coincides with both financial reforms in China and early indications of an impending US crisis that both have been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that such an explosive behavior may be attributable to differences in the relative prices of traded goods. Policy implications are also derived.
**China-Financial crisis; China-US Exchange rate; China-Financial reforms.
Control No : 42820
 

         -FOREIGN POLICY-JAPAN

8. Gries, Peter Hays, Steiger, Derek and Wang, Tao
Popular Nationalism and China’s Japan Policy: the Diaoyu Islands protests, 2012–2013.
Journal of Contemporary China,25(98), 2016(March): 264-276.

2012–2013 witnessed a renewed flare-up of anti-Japanese sentiment in Mainland China, followed by a toughening of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) Diaoyu Islands policy. Did popular nationalism influence the PRC’s military escalation? A lack of transparency in elite Chinese decision-making puts a definitive answer to this question beyond our reach. However, this article utilizes qualitative and quantitative analyses of anti-Japanese discourse and deeds in both cyberspace and on the streets of urban China to argue that the circumstantial evidence is compelling: nationalist opinion is a powerful driver of China’s Japan policy. The demands of nationalist legitimation appear to pressure the elite to respond to popular nationalism. Should one or more Chinese die at the hands of the Japanese navy or air force, therefore, the popular pressure for escalation and war will likely be more than China’s leaders can manage.|
**China-Foreign policy-Japan; China-Diaoyu Islands policy.
Control No : 42769
 

         -FOREIGN POLICY-TAIWAN

9. Lin, Gang
Beijing’s New Strategies toward a Changing Taiwan.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 321-335.

Beijing’s new strategies toward Taiwan are informed by neo-functionalism derived from European experiences, assuming that economic integration will eventually lead to political accommodation and integration. Despite the surprising Sunflower Movement and the fiasco of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in the 2014 local elections, Beijing will try its best to maintain the momentum of peaceful development of cross-Strait relations. Facing a brand new Taiwan that seems an oddity to the mainland, however, Beijing has adapted to ‘the new normal’ with a slower pace, refocusing on the economic and cultural issues. Whether or to what degree Beijing will change its asymmetric engagements with the two main parties on the island, however, is contingent upon whether the KMT and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) can reach a balance of power domestically and whether their policies toward the mainland converge rather than diverge. At any rate, Beijing is likely to pay more attention to ordinary people’s feelings about cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and consider quality of cross-Strait exchange as more important than quantity of activities.
**China-Foreign policy-Taiwan; China-Political and Economic relations-Taiwan; Cross-Strait relations.

Control No : 42772

         -FOREOGN POLICY-TAIWAN

10. Yu, Yi-Wen, Yu, Ko-Chia and Lin, Tse-Chun
Political Economy of Cross-Strait Relations: is Beijing’s patronage policy on Taiwanese business sustainable?.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 372-388.

Via quantitative analysis and interviews, this article examines the credibility and sustainability of Beijing’s patronage policy towards Taiwanese business. The new finding is that the rise of economic nationalism and local protectionism in China is undermining and constraining Beijing’s patronage policy. Consequently, China’s rising economy does not deepen cross-Strait integration but rather crowds out Taiwanese business. Moreover, considering the growing influence of Chinese domestic constraints, this article attempts to provide a bilateral two-level game to grasp the new dynamics on cross-Strait relations under the new normal.
**China-Foreign policy-Taiwan; Cross-Strait relations; China-Political economy.

Control No : 42774
 

         -LOCAL CONFLICTS

11. Benney, Jonathan
Weiwen at the Grassroots: China’s stability maintenance apparatus as a means of conflict resolution.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 389-405.

This article assesses stability maintenance (weiwen) as a means of conflict resolution in China. It argues that the resolution of local disputes in China, particularly outside cities, is now being influenced and facilitated by the discourse and practice of stability maintenance, rather than legal methods and traditional mediation processes. This conclusion adds to the existing academic views of stability maintenance, which have previously emphasized social control to the exclusion of almost all else, and suggests that stability maintenance-focused conflict resolution may have practical benefits to Chinese citizens, given the state’s withdrawal from legal conflict resolution methods and its ambiguous attitude towards mediation.
** China-Local conflicts; China-Conflict resolution.

Control No : 42775
 

12. Yan, Xiaojun
Patrolling Harmony: pre-emptive authoritarianism and the preservation of stability in W County.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 406-421.

Today, with social protests a daily phenomenon in China, the Party-state’s survival hinges upon its institutional capacity to prevent, monitor, process information on, and overcome real and potential challenges. Over the past decade, the Communist Party has consistently stressed the critical importance of ‘stability preservation’ (weiwen) as central to ensuring the longevity of the authoritarian regime. Drawing upon intensive interviews and archival research, this article looks into the stability-preservation system in W County in North China. By exploring the institutional configuration, work mechanisms, daily activities and operational principles of the stability-preservation apparatus in the county, the author seeks to gain insight into the PRC regime’s mythical operations of ‘system maintenance’ and the ways in which the Party-state exerts control over society.
**China-Local conflicts; China-Stability-preservation system.

Control No : 42776
 

         -NATIONAL SECURITY COMMISSION

13. Erickson, Andrew S and Liff, Adam P
Installing a Safety on the ‘Loaded Gun’? China’s institutional reforms, National Security Commission and Sino–Japanese crisis (in)stability.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 197-215.

As China’s active assertion of its claim to the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands has increasingly crowded the surrounding waters and airspace with military and paramilitary forces, the risk of a Sino–Japanese crisis has reached unprecedented heights. Neither side wants conflict, but the increased frequency and proximity at which vessels and aircraft encounter one another means that overall risk has grown proportionately. Were a miscalculation or even an unintended low-level incident to occur, de-escalation would hinge on each side’s respective internal crisis management capabilities and political leaders’ ability to communicate expeditiously. This article analyzes China’s side of the ledger. Specifically, it assesses the extent to which institutional reforms since the 2001 US–China EP-3 crisis have ameliorated longstanding weaknesses in China’s crisis management capabilities and its ability to communicate via hotlines with Japan. While significant issues and obstacles to further urgently needed improvements remain, with the establishment of a Central National Security Commission (CNSC) and other recent reforms, Beijing may finally be achieving modest improvements. Bilaterally, however, no Sino–Japanese crisis hotline exists to date.
** China-National Security Commission; China-Power diplomacy; China-Foreign policy.

Control No : 42766
 

14. Hu, Weixing
Xi Jinping’s ‘Big Power Diplomacy’ and China’s Central National Security Commission (CNSC).
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 163-177.

The current Chinese foreign and national security system suffers from problems of inefficiency, a lack of coordination and information sharing, and accountability of decision makers. China’s newly established Central National Security Commission (CNSC) is designed to build a strong platform to coordinate national security work and to strengthen unified leadership of national security at the central level. This article examines the CNSC’s foreign policy and institutional rationales. It argues that the establishment of the CNSC must be viewed in light of China’s growing power and Xi’s aspiration to play ‘big power diplomacy’ in world affairs as well as his ambition for overall institutional reforms of foreign and national security policymaking in China.
** China-National Security Commission; China-Power diplomacy; China-Foreign policy.

Control No : 42764
 

15. Ji, You
China’s National Security Commission: theory, evolution and operations.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016: 178-196.

The establishment of the National Security Commission (NSC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is a major regrouping of the top CCP power structure, a ‘New Deal’ in Xi Jinping’s endeavor to revitalize China. In full operation it will reshape Beijing’s national security (NS) decision-making process concerning the formulation of national security strategies, crisis management at home and abroad, coordination of national security policies and actions by Party/army/state agencies and institutional links with its foreign national security counterparts. This article argues that the NSC will primarily address the Party’s internal security concerns, which is the key link to its efforts to strike a new balance between various security typologies. It analyses Beijing’s securitization guidance and practice and constructs its organizational structure and functions.
** China-National Security Commission; China-Power diplomacy; China-Foreign policy.

Control No : 42765
 

         -PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY

16. Gruss, Laura and Brink, Tobias Ten
The Development of the Chinese Photovoltaic Industry: an advancing role for the central state?.
Journal of Contemporary China,25(99), 2016: 453-466.

This article assesses debates on state recentralization and economic rebalancing through a study of the photovoltaic (PV) industry. Based on empirical data and interviews, the authors examine different means and incentives of state support in this sector. First, in the context of the rise of PV firms (2001–2008), local government acquired a dominant role in supporting the sector. Second, against the backdrop of an industry downturn (2009–2013), this article demonstrates an advancing role of the central state in the industry. The authors thereby develop a nuanced perspective on the notions of recentralization and sectoral rebalancing. On the one hand, the government indeed utilizes its power to facilitate a rebalancing of the industry towards the domestic market. On the other, both recentralization and rebalancing efforts remain limited.
** China-Photovoltaic Industry; China-Solar energy.

Control No : 42778
 

         -POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

17. Zhang, Nandiyang
Political Elite Coalition and Local Administrative Reform in China—a case study of Shunde under Wang Yang.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(98), 2016(March): 277-291.

This article examines the importance of political elite coalitions at local levels to create institutional reform in contemporary China. By exploring Shunde’s administrative reforms under Wang Yang, Guangdong’s provincial Party secretary from 2008 to 2012, this article identifies a provincial–grassroots coalition as the essential impetus to local reforms. It argues that formation of political elite coalitions, built upon mutual trust through reciprocal interactions, is crucial for the success of reform. Within the coalition, the strong reformist provincial leader provides his leadership by becoming intensively involved in the reform process, while active grassroots cadres serve as designers and executors of reform plans. By means of a comparison between the scenarios of active grassroots cadres without Wang and Wang with less enthusiastic grassroots cadres, the article concludes that this political elite coalition is by nature fragile; if either side is not present, the coalition will collapse, resulting in either the failure of reform or a deviation of existing reforms to a less fruitful pattern.
** China-Politics and government; China-Local administrative reforms.

Control No : 42770
 

         -STOCK MARKET

18. Li, Guoping and Zhou, Hong
The Systematic Politicization of China’s Stock Markets.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 422-437.

The paradox that the performance of China’s stock market has not matched the performance of China’s real economy has been puzzling. This article argues that one of the major causes of the poor performance of China’s stock markets is that ever since their establishment, China’s stock markets have been systematically politicized by the ruling party to promote its political agenda. The mantra of ‘socialism’ of the ruling party has turned the stock markets into a mere fund-raising vehicle largely for failing state-owned enterprises, with investors’ interests being only a secondary consideration. The regulation of stock markets is subject to the principle of maintaining one-party ruling. Such a systematic politicization of stock markets has caused some serious consequences for China’s stock markets and economic growth.
** China-Stock market; China-Economy.

Control No : 42777
 

EGYPT

         -MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD

19. Ranko, Annette and Nedza, Justyna
Crossing the Ideological Divide? Egypt's Salafists and the Muslim Brotherhood after the Arab Spring.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(6), 2016(June): 519-541.

An important strand in the literature has stressed the analytical distinction between the Muslim Brotherhood's brand of Islamism and the Salafist movement. This article examines the shifts that have occurred within these two movements in Egypt since the Arab Spring. It specifically asks whether approximations between them in terms of strategies of actions have been paralleled by ideological approximations. The article argues that both movements have seen increased diversification which has—especially at the fringes—involved a reshaping of identities and ideological approximations that may facilitate cooperation between segments of these movements in the future.
** Egypt-Muslim brotherhood; Egypt-Islamism movement; Egypt-Salafist movement; Egypt-Political parties.

Control No : 42799
 

EUROPE

         -POLITICAL RESILIENCE

20. Argomaniz, Javier and Lehr, Peter
Political Resilience and EU Responses to Aviation Terrorism.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(4), 2016(April): 363-379.

In this article, we examine how European authorities have responded to reported threats to aviation resulting from individual terrorist tactics. We do so by applying the notion of political resilience and drawing on Palonen's “policy, polity, politicking, and politicization” model as well as on Malcolm Anderson's concept of “politics of the latest outrage.” We argue that the European Union response to aviation terrorism has created polity transformation and generated a long list of new policies but has also in the process become politicized and subject of politicking, with some high-profile measures being criticized for having a deleterious impact on passengers' rights.
** Europe-Political resilience; European Union-Aviation terrorism.

Control No : 42794
 

21. Edwardsa, Phil
Closure through Resilience: The Case of Prevent.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(4), 2016(April): 292-307.

This article argues that systemic resilience in the face of terrorism is best conceptualized as a response to disruption of the political sphere, brought about by the forceful incursion of a would-be political actor. The ideological negotiation required to deal with political disruption is related to the “cycle of contention” model: engagement may take inclusive or exclusive forms, with consequences for the openness and hence the future resilience of the system. When the arguments used to support the British government's “Prevent” counterradicalization initiative are analyzed in these terms, the engagement is shown to be emphatically exclusive.
** Europe-Political resilience; Europe-Terrorism.

Control No : 42790
 

22. Heath-Kelly, Charlotte
Building a New Utøya; Re-Placing the Oslo Bombsite—Counterfactual Resilience at Postterrorist Sites.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(4), 2016(April): 308-325.

Resilience strategies aim to build “resilience” before disasters strike; utilizing preemptive techniques to predict emergencies and prepare systems to manage their consequences. But what can we learn about resilience from responses to disasters that have already happened? This article draws on fieldwork at postterrorist sites in Norway: the Oslo Government Quarter and Utoya island. While resilience policy develops plans for infrastructural recovery after the next disaster, the curators of postterrorist sites rebuild and reclaim existing disaster space. They apply a retrospective framing of recovery. The article explores this work and questions its absence from policy understandings of resilience.
** Europe-Political resilience; Europe-Terrorism.

Control No : 42791
 

23. Sinkkonen, Teemu
Can Political Leaders Make a Difference? Norwegian versus Spanish Experiences in Responding to Terrorist Attacks.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(4), 2016(April): 326-341.

This article compares the public communication of Norwegian Prime Minister Stoltenberg after the attacks of 22 July 2011 and Spanish Prime Minister Aznar after the Madrid train bombing on 11 March 2004. These two political leaders opted for very different styles of crisis communication in the direct aftermath of the attacks. There is also a great difference in how the attacks influenced their political support. By focusing on these two cases, the article asks whether political leaders can make a difference when it comes to the public response to terrorist attacks.
** Europe-Political resilience; Europe-Terrorism.

Control No : 42792
 

         -TERRORISM

24. Malkki, Leena and Sinkkonen, Teemu
Political Resilience to Terrorism in Europe: Introduction to the Special Issue.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(4), 2016(April): 281-291.

The idea of “resilience” features in many counterterrorism strategies that have been written in recent years and it is a term that has been employed by political leaders in the aftermath of terrorist attacks. After the Boston Marathon bombing attack in May 2013, Boston has been repeatedly hailed as a resilient city that was not only well prepared to face the attack but that also gained new strength from it. Resilience is commonly seen as something inherently positive, something to strive for. The British CONTEST strategy envisions a resilient society as being “able to recover from shocks and to maintain essential services”; it will facilitate an efficient crisis response, which in turn “will save lives, reduce harm and aid recovery.” It has even been claimed that “the R-word provides a conceptual framework for designing a better tomorrow” and that the way it is discussed makes it look like the superhero of our times.
**Europe-Terrorism; Europe-Political resilience.

Control No : 42789
 

FINLAND

         -COUNTERTERRORISM POLICY

25. Malkki, Leena
International Pressure to Perform: Counterterrorism Policy Development in Finland.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(4), 2016(April): 342-362.

The major terrorist attacks in Western countries during the last fifteen years have had consequences way beyond the countries in which they have happened. The article provides a primary source–based account of the development of counterterrorism policy in Finland, which is one of those countries with a low national threat level. The article demonstrates the significant role that international pressure, through obligations, recommendations, and social learning, plays in developing national counterterrorist policies. The article calls also into question whether the pressure to comply with international pressure always contributes toward sound national counterterrorism policies that foster political resilience to terrorism.
** Finland-Counterterrorism policy; Europe-Political resilience.

Control No : 42793
 

GERMANY

         -INTELLIGENCE SERVICES

26. Dietrich, Jan-Hendrik
Of Toothless Windbags, Blind Guardians and Blunt Swords: The Ongoing Controversy about the Reform of Intelligence Services Oversight in Germany.
Intelligence and National Security, 31(3), 2016(April): 397-415.
  
Due to the course of European history, German intelligence services are not exactly renowned abroad for epitomizing the rule of law. This article, however, tries to leave the chamber of horrors called memories behind and discusses the question of how intelligence services oversight functions in Germany today. This will mainly be discussed from the perspective of a legal scholar. The article will examine whether, and to what extent, the existing legal framework allows for efficient oversight of the intelligence services. Where oversight deficits can be identified, recent reform proposals related to them will be discussed critically. The article concludes, not all proposals for reform are suitable for solving the problems at hand.
**Germany-Intelligence services.

Control No : 42813
 

         -POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

27. Eder, Christina, Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica and Kroeber, Corinna
The Higher the Fewer? Patterns of Female Representation Across Levels of Government in Germany. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(2), 2016(April): 366-386.

Women's representation in elected assemblies across varying levels of government is often theorised to be shaped as a pyramid, with the highest proportion of women at the local level, where barriers to entry are minimal. Mapping women's representation in Germany, however, we find contradictory evidence, since the pyramid is spun on its head. Looking at the representation of women in legislatures across three levels of government reveals relatively few women in district assemblies, but sizably higher proportions at the Land and federal levels. This pattern presents a challenge to conventional explanations of descriptive representation at the local level.
** Germany-Politics and government; Germany-Women candidates; Germany-Legislative recruitment.

Control No : 42788


GHANA

         -EDUCATION SECTOR

28. Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru and Hickey, Sam
The politics of development under competitive clientelism: Insights from Ghana's education sector.
African Affairs: The Journal of the Royal African Society, 115(458), 2016(January): 44-72.

Debates over whether democracy or political clientelism would drive the politics of development in Africa have increasingly given way to more nuanced readings that seek to capture the dynamic interplay of these forms of politics. However, most current analyses struggle to identify the specific causal mechanisms through which politics shapes the actual distribution of resources. A political settlements approach, which emphasizes the distribution of ‘holding power’ – the ability to engage and survive in political struggles – within ruling coalitions, and how this shapes institutional functioning, can bring greater clarity to these debates. Our analysis shows that patterns of resource allocation within Ghana's education sector during 1993–2008 were closely shaped by the incentives generated by Ghana's competitive clientelistic political settlement, which overrode rhetorical concerns with national unity and inclusive development. This had particularly negative implications for the poorest northern regions, which have lacked holding power within successive ruling coalitions.
** Ghana-Education sector; Ghana-Political clientelism.

Control No : 42781
 

INDIA

         -ENERGY DIPLOMACY-CENTRAL ASIA

29. Stobdan, P
India and Central Asia: Untying the Energy Knot.
Strategic Analysis, 40(1), 2016(January-February): 14-25.

India was always aware of the enormous energy reserves within its geographically proximate Central Asian region that could potentially fulfil its energy demands. The recent visit by Prime Minister Modi to the region has proved critical in paving the way for India to finally acquire a long awaited energy stake in the region. The new developments could not have been possible without the evolving undercurrents of the new geopolitical balance of power in the region. Russia seems to be playing a conspicuous role in nudging both India and Pakistan towards cooperation in the energy pipeline. However, there is no case to be euphoric on this front. India’s energy diplomacy in Central Asia will fail if it continues to discount the Russia factor in its policy.
** India-Energy diplomacy-Central Asia; India-Energy policy-Russia.

Control No : 42815
 

         -FOREIGN RELATIONS-CHINA

30. Chand, Bibek and Danner, Lukas K
Implications of the Dragon’s Rise for South Asia: Assessing China’s Nepal Policy.
Strategic Analysis, 40(1), 2016(January-February): 26-40.

China has always been an important neighbour to Nepal which has otherwise historically been heavily influenced by India. The ‘rise of China’ has created a more outward-looking Middle Kingdom and so its influence in Nepal has significantly increased within the last decade. As a consequence, Nepal is experiencing growing interest from China. This article aims to give some historical background to Sino-Nepalese relations and to measure the most recent impact of the ‘rise of China’ on Nepal, particularly on its economic, military and political fronts. This is followed by a broader look at China’s policy towards Nepal, also taking into account China’s overall strategy towards South Asia. Apart from China’s relationship with India, the issues of stability in Tibet as well as Tibetan refugees within Nepal remain important factors for the Sino-Nepalese relationship even to this day.
** India-Foreign relations-China; India-Foreign relations-Nepal; China-Foreign relations-Nepal.

Control No : 42816
 

         -HUMAN SECURITY

31. Pillay, D P K
Applying Human Security in the Indian Context.
Strategic Analysis, 40(1), 2016(January-February): 41-55.
 

This article explores the concept of human security and examines the scope for its adoption as a normative and policy framework in India. Human security prioritises non-military methods as a means of achieving security without compromising the priorities accorded to traditional security threats. It requires the fulfilment of people’s basic needs and rights. The objective of the article is to show that the human security approach can be usefully applied as a policy measure in India to reinforce successes in the social and economic spheres so that the possibility of dissatisfaction turning into violent opposition and internal conflict is minimised.
** India-Human security.

Control No : 42817
 

         -INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

32. Khan, Shahnaz Khalil
Discerning women's discursive frames in CyberKashmir.
Contemporary South Asia,23(3), 2015(September): 334-351.
   
This article challenges the notion that Kashmiri women are just silent observers/victims of an ongoing conflict and militarisation of Jammu and Kashmir. Women have utilised and impacted terrestrial public spaces, but there has been an impasse to creating a viable women's movement in the state. This analysis of digital discourses about and by Kashmiri women between 2010 and 2012 shows a discernible presence of women's discursive highways which serve to manoeuvre through the clamour of competing Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri nationalisms. Kashmiri women can be heard, they are speaking out, and this article examines their discursive landscapes and what role, if any, Islamic discourses have in CyberKashmir.
** India-International boundaries; Jammu and Kashmir-Boundaries and movements; Kashmir issue; CyberKashmir.

Control No : 42811
 

33. Kreutzmann, Hermann
Boundaries and space in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Contemporary South Asia,23(3), 2015(September): 276-291.

Boundary-making in the Karakoram–Himalayan borderlands has found a diverse set of actors and expressions over time. Legacies from colonial borders are part of contemporary disputes about affiliation, participation, and space. Three aspects are addressed in this paper: first, the debate about ‘natural’ and ‘scientific’ boundaries for purposes of colonial territorial acquisition; second, postcolonial debates in the recent renaming game in Gilgit-Baltistan and its implications; and third, the attitudes of actors in exile and geopolitical players claiming to represent the aspirations of the inhabitants of Gilgit-Baltistan. The three perspectives reveal opportunities and constraints in border regimes that reflect power structures, internal and external modes of interference, and participation.
** India-International boundaries; Karakoram–Himalayan borderlands; Kashmir issue; Gilgit-Baltistan border.

Control No : 42808
 

34. Loureiro, Miguel
The boundary within: equality, hierarchy, and exclusion in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Contemporary South Asia, 23(3), 2015(September): 314-333.

Many inhabitants of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) hold the belief that their society is not only more egalitarian today than that of their forefathers', but also more egalitarian than that in Pakistan. According to them, Pakistani society continues to be highly hierarchical with stark class and caste-like boundaries, while in AJK these boundaries have become weaker and merely symbolic since the 1970s due to changes in four interconnected factors; namely, migration patterns, land ownership, access to education, and democratic politics. This created an unprecedented level of social mobility among and within biradaris, the caste-like kinship corporate entities that are the crucial social boundary in this region. Yet, the main factor dictating membership in the biradari – endogamy – did not change, and access to power and resources is still determined mostly through biradari-ism. In this paper, I examine how notions of hierarchy and social stratification evolved over time and what contributed to this evolution. I argue and conclude that AJK society is still hierarchical but it has gained an element of fluidity.
** India-International boundaries; Jammu and Kashmir-Boundaries and movements; Kashmir issue.

Control No : 42810


35. Schild, Pascale
Local politics of reconstruction along and across Azad Kashmir's border with Pakistan.
Contemporary South Asia,23(3), 2015(September): 292-313.

With reference to anthropological approaches to state borders as processes, this paper examines ‘the border’ between Pakistan and Azad Kashmir through the window of reconstruction politics after the 2005 earthquake in Muzaffarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I analyse how ‘the border’ became inscribed into politics and power relations in Muzaffarabad through a locally contested ‘reconstruction bureaucracy’ which provided Pakistan with the means to dominate reconstruction in Azad Kashmir. Activists from Muzaffarabad politicised the delay of reconstruction by addressing Pakistan's interference in Azad Kashmir's affairs. Local politicisation of reconstruction, however, revealed contradictory effects of ‘the border’ on power relations in Muzaffarabad. From the activists’ perspectives, political boundaries between Pakistan and Azad Kashmir were characterised by domination as well as cooperation that undermined local concerns such as the reconstruction of  Muzaffarabad. Thus, local activists also opposed ‘their’ government and transgressed ‘the border’ into Pakistan through the creation of alliances with national actors in order to put pressure on the government of Azad Kashmir. In taking advantage of power disparities between Pakistan and Azad Kashmir, these alliances, however, not only reproduced but also undermined the nation state's domination over the region by manipulating and circumventing the ‘reconstruction bureaucracy’.
** India-International boundaries; Jammu and Kashmir-Boundaries and movements; Kashmir issue.

Control No : 42809
 

36. Zutshi, Chitralekha
An ongoing partition: histories, borders, and the politics of vivisection in Jammu and Kashmir.
Contemporary South Asia, 23(3), 2015(September): 266-275.
 

This article begins the process of conceptualizing the drawing of multiple borders across Kashmir in the postcolonial period from the perspective of partition. It reviews the literature on partition and borders to argue that vivisection and its politics has played a significant role in defining the nature of the ongoing crisis in the region. The making and traversal of divisions – territorial, material, and ideological – lies at the heart of making sense of the Kashmir issue and offers possibilities for its resolution.
 ** India-International boundaries; Jammu and Kashmir-Boundaries and movements; Kashmir issue.

Control No : 42807
 

IRAQ

         -TERRORISM

37. Christensen, Maya Mynster
The underbelly of global security: Sierra Leonean ex-militias in Iraq.
African Affairs: The Journal of the Royal African Society,115(458), 2016(January).

In the aftermath of the Sierra Leone civil war, demobilized militia soldiers have become an attractive resource to private security companies. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this article traces the outsourcing of security at American military bases in Iraq to Sierra Leonean ex-militias, facilitated by a British security company and the Sierra Leone government. In doing so, the article contributes to the ongoing scholarly debate on the privatization of security by offering a “local” ethnographically informed perspective on the micro-dynamics of “global” security. It is argued that the supply of global security depends on a form of local immobility: on a population that is “stuck”, yet constantly on the move to seize opportunities for survival and recognition. Structured by a chronological account of the recruitment, deployment, and deportation of Sierra Leonean ex-militias, the article discusses how these former militia soldiers experience being reduced to mere bodies rather than recognized labourers. It concludes that notions of race and slavery are employed by the ex-militias to make sense of their predicaments, but most notably as a moral response to the unequal relationships in which they find themselves embedded, in the context of security outsourcing in a global economy.
** Iraq-Terrorism; Iraq-Sierra Leonean ex-militias.

Control No : 42780

 

38. Schulzke, Marcus
The Antinomies of Population-Centric Warfare: Cultural Respect and the Treatment of Women and Children in U.S. Counterinsurgency Operations.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(5), 2016(May): 405-422.

There is tension between three of the U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine's central goals: the restoration of security, democratization, and cultural respect. These goals are particularly difficult to reconcile when it comes to the treatment of women and children in contested areas. Those groups have unique security concerns that are margin-alized in the U.S. military's conceptions of security and they may be victims of violence that is tacitly permitted by efforts to show cultural respect. After discussing these problems as they appear in U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine the author shows how they shape events in real operations with the help of interviews conducted with veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
**Iraq-Terrorism; USA-Counterinsurgency operations in Iraq; USA-Military doctrine in Iraq.

Control No : 42796

 

JAMAICA

         -POLITICAL VIOLENCE

39. Edmonds, Kevin
Guns, gangs and garrison communities in the politics of Jamaica.
Race and Class,57(4), 2016(April-June): 54-74.

While traditional political rivalry in Jamaica can be traced back to pre-independence times, modern-day Jamaican politics have been overshadowed by Kingston’s influential ‘garrison communities’. In order to establish and maintain political dominance in key constituencies, the loyalty of impoverished but highly influential gangsters in Kingston’s ghettos was secured by the main political parties through the development of large scale, highly politicised and heavily armed public housing schemes – essentially operating as states within a state. This article examines the roots of Jamaica’s current crime epidemic, revealing that it is not just a story of drugs, gangs and guns, but has deeper connections to the CIA, the Cold War, and the efforts to marginalise the 1970s democratic socialist government of Michael Manley and his People’s National Party. Manley’s convincing electoral victory in 1972 deeply troubled the United States, as his open commitment to democratic socialism, implementing moderately progressive policies like the minimum wage and free education, and his close friendship with Fidel Castro placed Jamaica firmly in the crosshairs for American covert operations.
**Jamaica-Political violence; Jamaica-Political economy.

Control No : 42821
 

KENYA

         -INDIVIDUAL AUTONOMY

40. McClendon, Gwyneth H and Riedl, Rachel Beatty
Individualism and empowerment in pentecostal sermons: New evidence from Nairobi, Kenya.
African Affairs : The Journal of the Royal African Society,115(458), 2016(January): 119-144.
  
Pentecostal and Charismatic churches are growing rapidly in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa and the developing world. This article presents new evidence on the theologies and activities of these popular churches, based on sermon texts and interview data gathered from a random sample of churches in Nairobi, Kenya. It finds that Pentecostal churches in Nairobi are remarkably consistent in the messages they disseminate, despite great variation in church and membership characteristics across congregations. The dominant theme in sermons was a focus on cultivating believers' sense of their own potential and autonomy as individuals. Other topics commonly associated with Pentecostal churches such as getting rich quickly and social conservatism were not as central. The focus on individual autonomy also stands in stark contrast to more collectivist agendas of social change. Indeed, the individualist theme was accompanied by a relative lack of social service provision, reflecting an approach to economic development that focuses on individual mental transformation rather than material handouts or systemic reform. In contrast to literature on civil society and ethnicity, which sees religious groups as potential collective agents or as cohesive interest groups, this article suggests that Pentecostal and Charismatic churches are leading their members to prioritize the individual.
**Kenya-Individual autonomy; Kenya-Civil society.

Control No : 42784
 

MALAWI

         -LAND RECLAMATION MOVEMENTS

41. Chinigo, Davide
Re-peasantization and land reclamation movements in Malawi.
African Affairs : The Journal of the Royal African Society,115(458), 2016(January): 97-118.

This article explores the emergence of land reclamation movements in contemporary southern Malawi through the case of the People's Land Organization in Thyolo. It shows that land reclamation movements are the result of a historical politics of land reform that has reproduced a dual agrarian system and shaped inequalities in land and labour since the colonial period. The article speaks to the debate about contemporary rural movements and employs the concepts of de-peasantization and re-peasantization to describe the tendencies toward the dissolution and reconstitution of the peasantry in the contemporary neo-liberal context. It concludes that the legacies of colonialism and the selective but incomplete integration of worker-peasants into the plantation economy have tended to reproduce the material and symbolic conditions necessary for people to reconstitute themselves as peasants. In this context, land has come to symbolize autonomy and to embody the struggle for socio-economic and political enfranchisement.
** Malawi-Land reclamation movements; Malawi-Plantation economy.
Control No : 42783

MIDDLE EAST

         -SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

42. Arditti, Roger
Security Intelligence in the Middle East (SIME): Joint Security Intelligence Operations in the Middle East, c. 1939–58.
Intelligence and National Security, 31(3), 2016(April): 369-396.

Security Intelligence Middle East (SIME) remains an understudied aspect of British intelligence. In many respects it was a remarkable organization. Its wartime iteration was created in haste, ostensibly as a military body but based upon the Security Service's office in Cairo. It evolved into a truly ‘joint’ unit but culturally was closer to the Security Service (MI5) than either the military or the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). SIME changed dramatically as a result of the end of the Second World War: it became the sole responsibility of MI5; local cooperation between MI5 and MI6 was scaled-down and became the focal point of a broader inter-intelligence service dispute in London; and new nationalist threats caught SIME off-balance and eventually undermined its raison d'être. SIME's contrasting wartime and peacetime iterations provide a useful example of how intelligence agencies respond to external pressures. It also provides a window into wider jurisdictional and constitutional conflicts at the heart of the relationship between MI5 and MI6, both during and after the war. Finally SIME shows practitioners what can be achieved under the right stimulus and what can be lost when that stimulus fades.
** Middle East-Security intelligence; Secret Intelligence Service; UK-Security intelligence operations.

Control No : 42812
 

MYANMAR

         -DRUG TRAFFICKING

43. Jonsson, Michael, Brennan, Elliot and O'Hara, Christopher
Financing War or Facilitating Peace? The Impact of Rebel Drug Trafficking on Peace Negotiations in Colombia and Myanmar.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(6), 2016(June): 542-559.

Rebel involvement in drug trafficking is broadly found to prolong and intensify civil wars. Being an illicit good with strong demand, high profit margins, limited barriers to entry, and few interdiction opportunities, narcotic drugs disproportionately benefit rebel groups as a source of funding in civil wars. Furthermore, drug trafficking is believed to prolong civil wars by creating war economies that benefit rebel groups, making them reluctant to engage in peace negotiations. However, recent peace agreements suggest that drug trafficking can in some cases be used to “buy off” rebel leaders, whereas other insurgents willingly relinquish this source of funding. This article compares attempts at conflict resolution in Colombia and Myanmar, focusing on the impact drug trafficking by Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and United Wa State Army has on contemporary peace negotiations.
** Myanmar-Drug trafficking; Colombia-Drug trafficking; Myanmar-Drug cultivation; Colombia-Drug cultivation.

Control No : 42800
 

NORWAY

        -DEFENCE TRANSFORMATION

44. Kronvall, Olof and Petersson, Magnus
Doctrine and Defence Transformation in Norway and Sweden.
Journal of Strategic Studies,39(2), 2016(April): 280-296.
 

In this article we analyse to what degree the three functions of doctrine proposed by Harald Hoiback – doctrine as a tool of operations, a tool of education, and a tool of change – have driven defence transformation in two Scandinavian states, Norway and Sweden. We conclude that doctrine, both allied and national, has had some impact on defence transformation in both countries: through the operations in Afghanistan, through education both at the branch level and joint level, and through organizational adaption to (first) the US ‘RMA paradigm’ and (later) to the subsequent ‘COIN paradigm’. However, other factors, such as threat perception and defence spending, have also played an important role. It also remains to be seen whether the changes are ephemeral or of a more permanent nature.
** Norway-Defence transformation; Sweden-Defence transformation.
Control No : 42819
 

SOUTH AFRICA

         -RHINO POACHING CRISIS

45. Buscher, Bram and Ramutsindela, Maano
Green violence: Rhino poaching and the war to save Southern Africa's peace parks.
African Affairs : The Journal of the Royal African Society,115(458), 2016(January): 1-22.

Over a thousand rhinos were killed in 2013 and 2014 as the poaching crisis in Southern Africa reached massive proportions, with major consequences for conservation and other political dynamics in the region. The article documents these dynamics in the context of the ongoing development and establishment of “peace parks”: large conservation areas that cross international state boundaries. The rhino-poaching crisis has affected peace parks in the region, especially the flagship Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park between South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. In order to save both peace parks and rhinos, key actors such as the South African government,the Peace Parks Foundation, and the general public responded to the poaching crisis with increasingly desperate measures, including the deployment of a variety of violent tactics and instruments. The article critically examines these methods of ‘green violence’ and places them within the broader historical and contemporary contexts of violence in the region and in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It concludes that attempting to save peace parks through ‘green violence’ represents a contradiction, but that this contradiction is no longer recognized as such, given the historical positioning of peace parks in the region and popular discourses of placing poachers in a ‘space of exception’.
** South Africa-Rhino poaching crisis; South Africa-Green violence.

Control No : 42779
 

SOVIET

         -SATELLITE IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE IN CUBA

46. Caddell, Joseph W
Corona over Cuba: The Missile Crisis and the Early Limitations of Satellite Imagery Intelligence.
Intelligence and National Security,31(3), 2016(April): 416-438.

In the autumn of 1962, two weeks before U-2 aerial photographs confirmed Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba, the US intelligence community attempted to image the island with the spy satellite Corona. Insufficient image resolution and extensive cloud cover, however, prevented this photography from providing solid evidence confirming or denying the presence of offensive missiles. This event – previously unaddressed either by Missile Crisis or Corona scholars – illustrates both the promise and the limits of early satellite imagery intelligence. It further provides insight into the early imagery tasking and coordination process and demonstrates needs that drove further development of national satellite reconnaissance in the years that followed.
** Soviet-Satellite imagery intelligence in Cuba; Cuba-Nuclear missiles; Soviet ballistic missile in Cuba.

Control No : 42814
 

TAIWAN

         -NATIONAL IDENTITY

47. Zhong, Yang
Explaining National Identity Shift in Taiwan.
Journal of Contemporary China, 25(99), 2016: 336-352.

Employing national identity theories and survey data in Taiwan, this article explains national identity shift in Taiwan. Descriptively we find that most Taiwanese people reject being called ‘Chinese’ (zhongguoren) when asked about their national identity. However, they do not deny their ethnic and cultural Chinese identity. What they object to is being called Chinese nationals, especially this China which is internationally recognized as the People’s Republic of China. In other words, most Taiwanese people do not identify themselves with the mainland Chinese state even though they still associate themselves with the Chinese nation. It is also noted that there is no consensus with regard to national identity in Taiwan, since close to one third of the population still do not object to be called zhongguoren. The author’s analytical findings further confirm that external sovereignty-related factors are related to the Taiwanese national identity shift. Specifically, a changed state boundary, separation desire from mainland China, and recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign state, not the distinctive cultural reconstruction inside Taiwan, contribute to the national identity shift in Taiwan.
** Taiwan-National identity; China-Political and Economic relations-Taiwan; Cross-Cultural identity.

Control No : 42773
 

TANZANIA

         -INDUSTRIAL POLITICS

48. Languille, Sonia
The scramble for textbooks in Tanzania.
African Affairs: The Journal of the Royal African Society, 115(458), 2016(January): 73-96.

In 2014, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) government in Tanzania decided to discontinue the market-based system for textbook provision that was established in the early 1990s and revert to full state control. Drawing on the theory of political settlements and the literature on Tanzania's industrial politics, the article examines the political economy of textbook provision in this country in order to generate new insights into the relations between the educational, political, and economic spheres. It shows how donor ideology and practices, while subjecting textbooks to generic market principles, also promoted the interests of Western publishing corporations. It then argues that the distribution of power within the state, and the ambiguous relations between the CCM ruling elites, bureaucrats, and the capitalist class, prevented the consolidation of a textbook industrial policy geared towards supporting the local publishing industry. Finally, the article explores elites' diverse corrupt practices to capture public funding for textbooks at the national and local levels. Under Tanzania's country-specific political settlement, the textbook sector, far from primarily serving educational goals, has indeed been reduced to a vast site of primitive accumulation.
** Tanzania-Industrial politics; Tanzania-Textbook industrial policy.

Control No : 42782
 

TERRORISM

49. Becker, Michael
A Response to “Key Issues and Research Agendas in Lone Wolf Terrorism”.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(5), 2016(May): 472-476.

In “Key Issues and Research Agendas in Lone Wolf Terrorism,” published in Issue 3 of 2015, Ramón Spaaij and Mark S. Hamm (hereafter SH) mount an extended critique of the field of lone wolf terrorism studies, arguing that it suffers from significant definitional, methodological, and inferential issues. They are particularly critical of my article, “Explaining Lone Wolf Target Selection in the United States,” arguing that it “brings into sharp relief a number of key issues regarding the quality and rigor of lone wolf terrorism research.” This article, which analyzed a database of 84 lone wolf attacks that took place in the United States between 1940 and 2012, had three main findings regarding the process by which American lone wolves choose targets: (1) that lone wolves are constrained by their relative weakness compared to violent organizations, and must thus select “softer,” usually civilian targets; (2) that this relative weakness also drives them to use firearms, mainly, as the weapon of choice; and (3) that lone wolves choose targets at the intersection of their daily routines—for example, the route they take to and from work—and the ideology that they claim drives their behavior. For example, antigovernment lone wolves tend to select targets symbolic of government—monuments, courthouses, and so on—that are located in familiar areas. SH do not, in general, dispute these findings, but rather call into question the validity of some of the methods and approaches used to arrive at them.
** Terrorism; Lone wolf terrorism.

Control No : 42798
 

50. Behlendorf, Brandon, Belur, Jyoti and Kumar, Sumit
Peering through the Kaleidoscope: Variation and Validity in Data Collection on Terrorist Attacks.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 641-667.

The nature of underreporting terrorism in developing countries is often acknowledged but poorly understood. Focusing on India, we triangulate terrorist attacks captured across three media-based datasets (Global Terrorism Database, South Asia Terrorism Portal, Worldwide Incident Terrorism System) against official police records from Andhra Pradesh. Results suggest that media-based datasets capture the geographic prevalence of terrorism yet severely underestimate the frequency of violence, biasing toward lethal bombings. Considerable variation is present for attacks targeting specific classes or types of actors. Similar to other crimes, the results suggest that existing terrorism databases represent a select version of violence in these countries, discounting the prevalence and regularity of non-lethal violent activity.
** Terrorism; Jihadist Networks.

Control No : 42802
 

51. Bie, Jasper L De and Poot, Christianne J De
Studying Police Files with Grounded Theory Methods to Understand Jihadist Networks.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 580-601.

This article focuses on a challenge in the current terrorism literature, namely the methodological justification concerning the collection and analysis of empirical data. Lack of detailed methodological accounts of the collection and analysis of the data makes it difficult to evaluate presented findings, especially if these data are confidential or focused on specific aspects of the phenomenon. This article offers an extensive overview of the methodological procedures conducted in a large empirical research project on jihadist networks based on confidential police files (2000–2013), interviews, and trial observations. The article illustrates how grounded theory–based methods can be used to collect and analyze such data and to develop and test new theories in this research field.
** Terrorism; Jihadist Networks.
Control No : 42801
 

52. Boyd, Katharine A
Modeling Terrorist Attacks: Assessing Statistical Models to Evaluate Domestic and Ideologically International Attacks.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 712-748.

Many prior studies have analyzed how country characteristics affect the rate of terrorist violence and there is a growing literature on how group traits influence terrorist violence. The current study expands on this literature by using multilevel modeling to assess both these units of analysis on the rate of domestic attacks and the rate of attacks against foreign targets. Using data from the Big Allied and Dangerous and the Global Terrorism Database, a cross-national sample of 224 terrorist groups are modeled in relation to their countries of origin to assess rates of domestic attacks. In this cross-sectional study many of these terrorist groups target multiple foreign countries. Multiple membership random effects modeling (MMREM) is used to assess the impact of multiple countries targeted by a group. The results of the study indicate that multilevel modeling provides an improved statistical fit and the MMREM model provides an improved measurement for analyzing attacks targeting foreign countries.
** Terrorism; Terrorist attacks; Terrorist groups.

Control No : 42805
 

53. Braddock, Kurt and Horgan, John
Towards a Guide for Constructing and Disseminating Counternarratives to Reduce Support for Terrorism.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(5), 2016(May): 381-404.

Despite widespread recognition that the use of counternarratives is an important strategic component of countering violent extremism, to date, there are no comprehensive guidelines on how
to develop and distribute counternarratives to effectively reduce support for terrorism. To redress this, we offer communication and psychology theory-based procedures for (1) analyzing terrorist narratives, (2) constructing counternarratives that challenge terrorist narratives, and (3) disseminating the counternarratives to overcome barriers to persuasion. Analysts and practitioners can use such guidelines in developing counternarratives to reduce support for violent extremism.
** Terrorism; Violent extremism; ISIS.
Control No : 42795
 

54. Cohen, Shuki J
Mapping the Minds of Suicide Bombers using Linguistic Methods: The Corpus of Palestinian Suicide Bombers' Farewell Letters (CoPSBFL).
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 749-780.

This study proposes a novel methodology for the study of the mindset, motives, and cognitive style of individual suicide bombers in Israel/Palestine, based on a comprehensive corpus of personal farewell letters (which also serve as last wills) that were written by suicide bombers to their family during the Second Intifada (2000–2006). To avoid privileging certain a priori sentiments, motivations, or concepts over others, I used a programmatic “bottom-up” sequence of quantitative psycholinguistic procedures, in which prominent themes or concepts from one level of analysis are further qualified and contextualized in the next. This afforded a minimally biased view of the cognitive content of Palestinian suicide bombers, including the sentiments, motivations, and concepts that they were more preoccupied with, and the context in which these ideas were expressed. The results are largely consistent with theories of political violence that place pro-social sentiments at the forefront of the motivations for suicide terrorism, and paramount to antisocial sentiments such as hatred and revenge. Since the linguistic patterns that were uncovered in this analysis cannot be controlled consciously, and the farewell letters of suicide bombers have rarely been rigorously analyzed linguistically, this study may provide an unprecedented glimpse into the cognitive style and content of individual suicide bombers—a glimpse that is minimally biased by political, partisan, or sectarian preconceptions.
**Terrorism; Palestinian suicide bombers.
Control No : 42806
 

55. Kerodal, Ashmini G, Freilich, Joshua D and Chermak, Steven M
Commitment to Extremist Ideology: Using Factor Analysis to Move beyond Binary Measures of Extremism.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 687-711.

This study article focuses on American far-right (FR) extremists who committed ideologically motivated violent or financial crimes in the United States. We examine three research questions. First, are certain types of FR ideological beliefs associated with different types of criminal behavior? Second, can the various indicators of FR ideology be used to create a scalar measure of commitment to FR ideology? Third, which typology of the FR movement provides the most reliable measure of FR extremism? We use data from the United States Extremist Crime Database to measure indicators of FR ideology in a sample of 305 FRs who committed a financial crime or homicide between 2006 and 2010 in the United States. Conspiratorial, antigovernment, and antitax beliefs were positively associated with risk of financial crimes, while xenophobic, survivalist, and anti–gun control beliefs were positively associated with risk of violent crimes. A factor analysis created a commitment to FR ideology scale and identified four sub-types of FRs: Conspiracy Theorist, Survivalist, Movement Participant, and Proud far-rightist. The factor analysis did not support the prevailing typologies. Importantly though, these typologies were useful in predicting criminal behavior patterns of far rightists. We outline a number of other measurement issues for future research to address.
**Terrorism; Far right extremism.

Control No : 42804

56. Parkin, William S and Green, David A
Terrorism in the News: The Efficiency and Impact of Sampling Methods on Data Collection and Content Analysis.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 2016(July): 668-686.

This study identifies the most efficient methodology for sampling from a population of New York Times articles related to terrorism, which were generated through keyword searching. Efficiency was based on which sample statistic was closest to the population parameters of interest. The smallest sample size, where 68 percent of the sample statistics were within one standard deviation of the population mean and 95 percent of the sample statistics were within two standard deviations of the population mean, were identified as the most efficient. In addition, we determine whether the frequency of news articles is correlated to the temporal distribution of terrorist incidents found in the Global Terrorism Database, which could possibly be utilized to more efficiently sample from the population. Our findings confirm prior research that shows that sampling efficiency is related to the weekly news cycle and, contrary to prior research, the sample must include between 20 to 29 constructed weeks to achieve representativeness of an entire year of coverage for a population generated through keyword searches. In addition, the study also found that there was a limited relationship between the frequency of terrorist incidents and the amount of terrorism coverage in the news.
** Terrorism; Jihadist Networks.
Control No : 42803
 

USA

         -COUNTER TERRORISM COOPERATION-EUROPEAN UNION

57. Anagnostakis, Dimitrios
Securing the Transatlantic Maritime Supply Chains from
Counterterrorism: EU–U.S. Cooperation and the Emergence of aTransatlantic Customs Security Regime.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,39(5), 2016(May): 451-471.

This article offers an analysis of the cooperation between the European Union (EU) and the United States on customs security in the context of the two actors' fight against terrorism. While other aspects of EU–U.S. counterterrorism cooperation have received some scholarly attention, not so much research has focused on security cooperation in the EU–U.S. customs and supply chain. To investigate the emergence of transatlantic cooperation in this field this article employs regime theory in examining the 2004 EU–U.S. customs security agreement, the 2012 EU–U.S. mutual recognition decision, and the transatlantic disagreement on the U.S. 100 percent scanning rule.
**USA-Counter terrorism cooperation-European Union; EU–USA Customs security; Transatlantic customs Security.

Control No : 42797
 

         -WAR AGAINST TERRORISM-AFGHANISTAN

58. Jensen, Benjamin
Escaping the iron cage: the institutional foundations of FM 3-24: Counterinsurgency doctrine.
|Journal of Strategic Studies, 39(2), 2016(April): 213-230.

Continuing the focus on military doctrine in this special issue, this essay explores institutional mechanisms that enable otherwise rigid bureaucracies to innovate. Rather than focus on organizational and strategic culture, the piece explores the role of pragmatic officers using incubators and advocacy networks to escape their iron cage. The piece traces the institutional origins of the US counterinsurgency doctrine between 2003 and 2006 to highlight the role of special study groups and cross-cutting bureaucratic coalitions in creating a space to deliberate over how to fight the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
**USA-War against terrorism-Afghanistan; USA-War against terrorism-Iraq; USA -Counterinsurgency doctrine.

Control No : 42818

AUTHOR INDEX
Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru28
Anagnostakis, Dimitrios57
Apergis, Nicholas7
Arditti, Roger42
Argomaniz, Javier20
Becker, Michael49
Behlendorf, Brandon50
Belur, Jyoti50
Benney, Jonathan11
Bie, Jasper L De51
Boyd, Katharine A52
Braddock, Kurt53
Brennan, Elliot43
Brink, Tobias Ten16
Buscher, Bram45
Caddell, Joseph W46
Chand, Bibek30
Chermak, Steven M55
Chinigo, Davide41
Christensen, Maya Mynster37
Cohen, Shuki J54
Danner, Lukas K30
Dietrich, Jan-Hendrik26
Dowd-Uribe, Brian3
Eder, Christina27
Edmonds, Kevin39
Edwardsa, Phil21
Erickson, Andrew S13
Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica27
Freilich, Joshua D55
Fry, John7
Green, David A56
Gries, Peter Hays8
Gruss, Laura16
Halligan, John1
Han, Rongbin4
Heath-Kelly, Charlotte22
Hickey, Sam28
Horgan, John53
Hu, Weixing14
Hwangb, Wonjae6
Jensen, Benjamin58
Ji, You15
Jonsson, Michael43
Kerodal, Ashmini G55
Khan, Shahnaz Khalil32
Kreutzmann, Hermann33
Kroeber, Corinna27
Kronvall, Olof44
Kumar, Sumit50
Languille, Sonia48
Lausberg, A K2
Lehr, Peter20
Li, Guoping18
Liff, Adam P13
Lin, Gang9
Lin, Tse-Chun10
Loureiro, Miguel34
Malkki, Leena24 - 25
McClendon, Gwyneth H40
Montasser, Ghassen El7
Nedza, Justyna19
O'Hara, Christopher43
Parkin, William S56
Petersson, Magnus44
Pillay, D P K31
Poot, Christianne J De51
Ramutsindela, Maano45
Ranko, Annette19
Reid, Richard1
Riedl, Rachel Beatty40
Schild, Pascale35
Schnurr, Matthew A3
Schulzke, Marcus38
Sinkkonen, Teemu23 - 24
Steiger, Derek8
Stobdan, P29
Wang, Tao8
Wang, Xinhong5
Yan, Xiaojun12
Yao, Yuan4
Yu, Ko-Chia10
Yu, Yi-Wen10
Zhang, Nandiyang17
Zhong, Yang47
Zhongab, Yang6
Zhou, Hong18
Zutshi, Chitralekha36


 

SUBJECT/KEYWORD INDEX
Australia
-Politics and government1 - 2
Burkina Faso
-Genetically modified crops3
China
-Cultural heritage preservation4
-Environmental problems5 - 6
-Financial crisis7
-Foreign policy-Japan8
-Foreign policy-Taiwan9 - 10
-Local conflicts11 - 12
-National Security Commission13 - 15
-Photovoltaic Industry16
-Politics and government17
-Stock market18
Egypt
-Muslim brotherhood19
Europe
-Political resilience20 - 23
-Terrorism24
Finland
-Counterterrorism policy25
Germany
-Intelligence services26
-Politics and government27
Ghana
-Education sector28
India
-Energy diplomacy-Central Asia29
-Foreign relations-China30
-Human security31
-International boundaries32 - 36
Iraq
-Terrorism37 - 38
Jamaica
-Political violence39
Kenya
-Individual autonomy40
Malawi
-Land reclamation movements41
Middle East
-Security intelligence42
Myanmar
-Drug trafficking43
Norway
-Defence transformation44
South Africa
-Rhino poaching crisis45
Soviet
-Satellite imagery intelligence in Cuba46
Taiwan
-National identity47
Tanzania
-Industrial politics48
Terrorism49 - 56
USA
-Counter terrorism cooperation-European Union57
-War against terrorism-Afghanistan58

 

 
 
MEAs App twitter Facebook Google plus YouTube flickr