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Library Bulletins

Foreign Affairs Documentation Bulletin, October - November 2016

Contents
AFRICAN UNION1
AUSTRAILA2
CENTRAL ASIA3
CHINA4
CONFLICT RESOLUTION8
EUROPEAN UNION9
GHANA10
INDIA11
INTERNATIONAL RELATION15
ISLAMIST EXTREMISM16
MENA17
NATO18
NIGERIA19
PAKISTAN20
RUSSIA21
SOMALI25
SOUTH SUDAN26
TURKEY27
UK28
UNITED STATES33
US35
USA36
WORLD SOCIETY47
YEMEN48


AFRICAN UNION    
             - POLITICS  
 
1. Vilmer, Jean Baptiste Jeangene        
The African Union and the International Criminal Court: counteracting the crisis.
International Affairs (UK), 92(6), 2016(November): 1319-1342.
   
In October 2016, South Africa became the first nation to withdraw from the Rome Statute of the  International Criminal Court (ICC), after Burundi began taking steps to leave it. Kenya is likely  to follow, and other states, like Uganda, could take the same cue. The ICC is facing the most  serious diplomatic crisis of its history, with the African Union (AU) denouncing double standards,  neo-colonialism and ‘white justice’, and regularly threatening to withdraw from the Rome Statuteen masse. This article adopts both an interdisciplinary and a pragmatic policy-oriented approach, with the aim of producing concrete recommendations to counteract the crisis.
   **African Union-Politics.
                   Control No : 43057
                                            
AUSTRAILA    
             -INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 
   
2. Doherty, Bernard        
Spies and Scientologists: ASIO and a controversial minority religion in Cold War Australia, 1956–83. Intelligence and National Security, 2016, 31(7): 993-1010.
   
Among all the controversial New Religious Movements to emerge since the Second World War, the  Church of Scientology has arguably been subject to more scrutiny by domestic and international  intelligence agencies than any other non-Islamic alternative religious group. While owing to the  nature of intelligence gathering scholarly accounts of this have often been onedimensional and  brief, the situation in Australia resulting from the Archives Act 1983 has meant that historians of both intelligence agencies and new religions now have access to a significant amount of  documentation illustrating the interactions between the Church of Scientology and the Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) for the period from 1956 to 1983.
**Austraila-Intelligence Agency.
                 Control No : 43098


CENTRAL ASIA    
             -TERRORISM    

3. Lain, Sarah        
STRATEGIES FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN CENTRAL ASIA. ASIAN AFFAIRS, 47(3), 2016 (October): 386-405.
   
Terrorism and violent extremism are usually the top national security risks amongst the five Central Asian states. Although each state has its own approach to countering violent extremism and  terrorism, they tend to broadly agree on the nature of the threat. Their definitions of    “terrorism” and “extremism” are relatively broad in both legal definition and in practice, and they are often geared towards protecting the political and social status quo. A key challenge is that both religion and religiously-inclined, usually Islamic, groups have become blanket tools of blame to cover a range of actions and the perceived threat of actions deemed “terrorist” and “extremist”. This article looks at how “terrorism” is defined by the five Central Asian States and in what ways those descriptions are simplistic or problematic. It examines the drivers of  radicalisation in the region, as well as the strategies used to prevent radicalisation and counter  terrorism. The article argues that overall a more nuanced approach to understanding the context of  radicalisation and violent extremism is key.
   **Central Asia-Terrorism.
                    Control No : 43073
                
CHINA    
-ECONOMY GROWTH 
   
4. Li, Shi        
Income Inequality and Economic Growth in China in the Last Three Decades. Round Table, 105(6), 2016: 641-665.
   
 This article discusses the close relationship between high growth and rising inequality in China over a period of three decades since the 1980s. By tracing three key components of income inequality over time, i.e. rural, urban and the rural–urban issues, the study presents an overview of the changes that have occurred in processes of inequality in this country. This study also constructs a relationship between income inequality and growth using an econometric model in order to test the Kuznets Hypothesis that posits an inverted U relationship between income per capita  and inequality.
   **China-Economy Growth.
                 Control No : 43101
                
-FOREIGN RELATION-HONG KONG    
5. Kwong, Ying-ho        
STATE-SOCIETY CONFLICT RADICALIZATION IN HONG KONG: THE RISE OF ‘ANTI-CHINA’ SENTIMENT AND RADICAL  LOCALISM.
   ASIAN AFFAIRS, 47(3), 2016(October): 428-442.
   
 Hong Kong has been facing an increasingly strong “anti-China” sentiment in recent years. More people are worried that existing Mainland-Hong Kong integration actually provides more opportunity for Beijing to exercise political control over Hong Kong, resulting in the loss of local identity. Political parties of the pan-democratic camp, which has been at the forefront of political  activism since the 1980s, used to adopt a “milder” approach to oppose intervention from Beijing. However, with more Hong Kong people, especially localists, becoming sceptical towards this tactic, they have resorted to escalating things into “radical” protests or even bloody clashes with the authorities. During Chinese Lunar New Year 2016, a few hundred protesters joined the “Mong Kok  Riot” and violently pelted police officers with bricks and glass, leading to more than 120 people being injured. The clashes may on the surface have been about hawker management issues, but, in  fact, were fuelled by a growing discontent against the Chinese and Hong Kong Special  Administrative Region governments.
   **China-Foreign Relation-Hong Kong.
              Control No : 43075
               
-FOREIGN RELATION-UKRAINE    
6. Saalman, Lora        
Little Grey Men: China and the Ukraine Crisis. Survival, 58(6), 2016: 135-156.
   
Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the crisis in Ukraine have affected Chinese views of territorial  sovereignty and peripheral stability. Chinese analysts are applying lessons learned from Ukraine to their own regional and international environment. An examination of 434 Chinese-language documents on the Ukraine crisis provides insights into how Chinese academics, economists, engineers, officials and military personnel view Russian tactics and strategy, as well as Western  intentions, and suggests that China is moving towards a more holistic and Russian’ view of hybrid  and proxy warfare – particularly in cyberspace.
   **China-Foreign Relation-Ukraine.
                       Control No : 43082               
                                
-FOREIGN TRADE    
7. Shang, Yuhong, Ponikvar, Nina and Kej?ar, Katja Zajc        
The Changing Patterns of China–CEE Trade. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(9), 2016: 1486-1505.
   
This article examines the contribution of competitiveness and trade product structure to China’s  commercial links with ten states located in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). A constant market share analysis for the 2002–2011 period shows that, except for Romania, both CEE states and China  increased their market shares in each other’s market mainly due to their improved competitiveness in intermediate goods. However, with the notable exception of Slovakia, other CEE economies and China tended to gain market shares in product groups characterised by relatively non-dynamic import demand growth. This mismatch between the Competitiveness and Structure Effects points to the room for an expansion of China–CEE trade.
   **China-Foreign Trade.
                   Control No : 43092

CONFLICT RESOLUTION    

8. Tiemessen, Alana        
The International Criminal Court and the lawfare of judicial intervention. International Relations, 30(4), 2016(December): 409-431.
   
The contentious concept of ‘lawfare’ has proliferated to various foreign policy areas and   permeated a discourse on the function and legitimacy of law in conflict. The concept seems   particularly apt to the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) judicial interventions. In this   context, the author define lawfare as the coercive and strategic element of international criminal justice in which the ICC’s judicial interventions are used as a tool of lawfare for States Parties  and the United Nations Security Council to pursue political ends. The author argue that there are two types of political ends being pursued with this lawfare: conflict resolution and politicized prosecutions. First, the ICC’s spokespersons, advocates, and supporting states have cultivated a  discourse that justice is a means to peace.
   **Conflict resolution; International criminal law.
                 Control No : 43066               
                                
EUROPEAN UNION    
-ECONOMIC RELATION-AFRICA    

9. Gegout, Catherine        
Unethical power Europe? Something fishy about EU trade and development policies.    Third World Quarterly, 37(12), 2016: 2192-2210.
   
This article analyses the impact of European Union (EU) policies in the field of fisheries on   development in Africa. It contests the premise that the EU promotes local economies, and argues  that it often contributes to depleting fish stocks, distorting African economic policies and harming fishers’ communities. In so doing, the EU is violating its basic duty to avoid harm to  other states. However, it is now committed to sustainable development. This article offers suggestions on policies which would enable the EU to take on both its negative and positive  duties.
   **European Union-Economic Relation-Africa.
                  Control No : 43085
                
GHANA    
-MINING  
 
10. Ofosu-Mensah, Emmanuel Ababio        
Mining in Colonial Ghana: Extractive Capitalism and Its Social Benefits in Akyem Abuakwa under  Nana Ofori Atta I.  Africa Today, 63(1), 2016: 23-55.
   
Historians and economists studying the third world regard mining as one of the major sectors in which the exploitation of resources by European enterprise took place, both with regard to labor use and the alienation of large areas of valuable land for what are now regarded as extremely small sums of money. Not only were these resources misused, but also—so the argument goes—gold rushes in Africa have become conduits through which surpluses generated in the continent are  accumulated and transferred to Europe and other areas. In this regard, a gold rush in developing  countries should hardly yield any sustainable development dividend, so long as foreign capital remains the dominant player. This article, however, tells a different story. It argues that gold mining in Akyem Abuakwa opened up and brought prosperity in the area.
   **Ghana-Mining.
         Control No : 43070
               
INDIA    
         -DIASPORA  
 
11. Mishra, Amit Kumar        
Diaspora, Development and the Indian State.   Round Table, 105(6), 2016: 701-721.
   
This article attempts to study the engagement of the state of India with the Indian diaspora by   situating it within larger debates on diaspora and development and from the perspective of    state–society relations. How has the Indian diaspora responded to the initiatives of the Indian   state? How have state–diaspora relations affected socio-economic order in India? In order to    understand and underline certain complexities in this rubric of diaspora and development, this article takes a long-term analytic perspective in reading the paradigmatic shifts in the  theoretical domain of this literature and traces how the approach of the Indian state has led to    certain transformations in society. By looking into the composition of the Indian diaspora (s),   this article makes a case against the projection of a singular Indian diaspora by the Indian   state. It explores whether state–diaspora relations have been influenced by class diversity within  the Indian diaspora.
   **India-Diaspora; India-Investment.
                      Control No : 43102

-ECONOMIC RELATION-SINGAPORE    
12. Yahya, Faizal Bin        
The Influence of China and India on Smaller Nations in Southeast Asia: A Study of Singapore.  Round Table, 105(6), 2016: 723-736.
   
The emergence of China and India has profoundly influenced the policies of Southeast Asian countries. For a small country like Singapore, with a uniquely majority ethnic Chinese population  in Southeast Asia, the process of engagement with China and India is historically entrenched and   multifaceted. Historically, China and India constitute two major immigration streams into  Singapore. Since the 1990s, with low total fertility rates, Singapore has viewed both China and  India as sources for not only increasing its overall population to maintain its ethnic demographic  profile, but also towards sustaining its economic growth.
   **India-Economic Relation-Singapore; China-Economic Relation-Singapore.
                      Control No : 43103               
                                
 -ECONOMY    
13. Vakulabharanam, Vamsi and De, Rahul        
Growth and Distribution Regimes in India after Independence.  Round Table, 105(6), 2016: 621-640.
   
The Indian economy has witnessed four qualitatively different regimes of capitalist growth and distribution since independence. The first two regimes in the period (1951–80) operated under the  hegemony of the Indian state, the third one under the mixed hegemony of the state and private  capital (1980–91), and the last one under the hegemony of private capital (1991–2012). These four regimes are associated with very different growth and distributional dynamics, roles of the state,  and ended with crises of diverse kinds that then ushered in new regimes. This paper attempts to show how Indian political economic history after independence is a patchwork of periods of short-lived stability that were in turn shaped and produced by various crises and contingencies.
   **India-Economy.
                   Control No : 43100
                
-FOREIGN RELATION-AFGHANISTAN   
14. Wyatt, Christopher M.        
CHANGE AND DISCONTINUITY: WAR AND AFGHANISTAN, 1904–1924.
   ASIAN AFFAIRS, 47(3), 2016(October): 366-385.
   
In the imaginations of many, war in British India had its focus on the North-West Frontier and was fought against the tribes of that region. However, British thinking about Indian defence involving Afghanistan underwent tremendous change over the period under consideration. British plans to meet  a Russian invasion on the Kabul-Kandahar Line in 1904 resembled those of any other Nineteenth Century Imperial campaign, with numbers of infantry and cavalry still being thought of and referred to as bayonets and sabres. Twenty years later, heavily influenced by the experiences of the Great War in the region and the Third Afghan War and associated operations, the calculus was different with logistics changed by motor vehicles and the introduction of what today are referred to as force multipliers, such as aeroplanes and machine guns. It was over this period that warfare as fought and conceptualised by men like Napoleon gave way to modern practices familiar to us
   today.
   **India-Foreign Relation-Afghanistan; Afghanistan-International Relations.
                    Control No : 43072
                
INTERNATIONAL RELATION    
15. Noll Jolanda van der and Dekker, Henk        
A comparative analysis of Chinese urban citizens’ attitudes towards the EU, the United States,   Russia and Japan. International Relations, 30(4), 2016(December): 456-472.
   
What are the attitudes towards the European Union (EU), the United States, Russia and Japan among Chinese urban citizens, and how can we explain these attitudes? These are the intriguing questions that we want to answer in this article. The image, social identity, trust, and political socialization theories proposed the various explanatory variables. We assessed their explanatory  powers by analysing survey data from more than 2000 Chinese urban citizens. Most empirical evidence is found for the image theory: positive perceptions of the people (trustworthy and peaceful) and the bilateral relationship (friendly) clearly contribute to positive attitudes.
   **International Relation.
            Control No : 43067
                
                                
ISLAMIST EXTREMISM    

16. Holbrook, Donald        
Al-Qaeda’s grievances in context: reconciling sharia and society. International Relations, 30(4), 2016(December): 473-493.
   
At a time when political debate in the West is preoccupied with the perceived impact of extremist ideas on individuals who embrace or support terrorism, this article uses the publicly articulated grievances of Ayman al-Zawahiri, Al-Qaeda’s most prolific ideologue, as a case study to examine how a globally focused and distributed extremist narrative matches political realities on the ground. The approach of the article is to compare two political processes: the approach of Islamist extremists, as represented by Zawahiri, to constitutional reform as articulated through  public appeals to potential supporters versus the reality of constitutional amendments and  evolution of fundamental law in the Middle East and South Asia.
   **Islamist extremism.
                      Control No : 43068
                
MENA (Middle East and North Africa)    
-GEOPOLITICS  
 

17. Bülent, Aras        
Five years after the Arab Spring: a critical evaluation.  Third World Quarterly, 37(12), 2016.
   
A new political geography has emerged in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) after the Arab Spring. The transformative impact of the popular upheavals appeared to put an end to long-term authoritarian regimes. Today, the region is far from stable since authoritarian resilience violently pushed back popular demands for good governance and is pushing to restore former state structures. However, the collective consciousness of the popular revolts endures, and a  transformative prospect may emerge on the horizon. The chaotic situation is the result of an ongoing struggle between those who seek change and transformation and others in favour of the status quo ante. A critical evaluation of the Arab Spring after five years indicates a continuous process of recalculation and recalibration of policies and strategies. There are alternative routes for an eventual settlement in the MENA region, which are in competition against both  regional and transregional quests for a favourable order.
   **MENA-Geopolitics; Arab World.
                      Control No : 43086
                
 NATO    
-ROLE-AFGHANISTAN  
 
18. Kerahman, Elke        
NATO contracting in Afghanistan: the problem of principal–agent networks.   International Affairs(UK), 92(6), 2016(November): 1401-1426.
   
This article examines NATO's collaboration with PMSCs during its leadership of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan (ISAF, 2001–2014). It argues that NATO's use of  international prime contractors and holding PMSCs responsible for their own security contributed  to the creation of a complex network of contractors and subcontractors with detrimental effects for control and accountability. In particular, this article focuses on the proliferation of local Armed Private Security Companies (APSCs) which were accused of a wide range of humanitarian and human rights abuses. Drawing on principal–agent theory, this article seeks to explain why NATO appeared unable to stop the ‘culture of impunity’ among these firms. It shows that multiple principals and long principal–agent chains undermined NATO oversight over armed security guards.
   **Nato-Role-Afghanistan.
                        Control No : 43059
                        
NIGERIA    
-POLITICS  
 

19. Onuoha, Godwin        
Shared Histories, Divided Memories: Mediating and Navigating the Tensions in Nigeria–Biafra War  Discourses.
Africa Today, 63(1), 2016: 3-21.

This article examines the contested narratives engendered by the teaching and writing of the
Nigeria–Biafra War. Drawing on the domain of education, it interrogates official and hegemonic narratives forged by the Nigerian state to shape the history, memories, and narratives of the war to suit its own vision, interests, and politics, in the light of marginalized ethnic groups that contest these narratives and reject them as the sole legitimate framework for remembering and interpreting the war. The analysis interrogates the extant education–reconciliation nexus, exploring the kind of education that will best serve the needs and processes of conflict resolution, reconciliation, and nation building in Nigeria.
   **Nigeria-Politics.
                    Control No : 43069
                
 -GOVERNMENT    
20. Niaz, Ilhan        
JINNAH ON GOVERNANCE: THE UNHEEDED ADVICE OF PAKISTAN’S QUAID-I-AZAM.  ASIAN AFFAIRS, 47(3), 2016(October): 406-427.
   
This paper examines the views of Pakistan's founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, on a range of issues including sovereignty, civil-military relations, the civil service, industrialization, religion  and the state, and national integration. Relying on Jinnah's own views, it reveals that selective engagement with what Jinnah thought has done no favours to Pakistan. Indeed, Pakistan has for all practical purposes, rejected nearly every policy prescription that its founder believed in and  effectively repudiated what Jinnah stood for. While much attention has been paid to Jinnah's role  in the partition of India or in the politics of the Indian Freedom Movement and the Pakistan Movement, comparatively little has been written about Jinnah's views on governance. This paper  tries to initiate the process of filling this gap in the hope of generating a more holistic debate   about what Pakistan's founder stood for as a statesman and state builder.
   **Pakistan-Government; Pakistan-Civil service.
                     Control No : 43074
                
RUSSIA    
             -CIVIL SOCIETY    

21. Gilbert, Leah        
Crowding Out Civil Society: State Management of Social Organisations in Putin’s Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(9), 2016: 1553-1578.
   
There is considerable debate about the impact of the 2006 NGO Law and related Kremlin policies on social organisations in Russia. This article uses interviews with members of organisations  focusing on human rights, women, and youth to assess the effects of these policies on civil society. It finds that groups that are critical of the regime have been systematically pushed out of the public sphere and supplanted by groups that are either neutral to, or in favour of, the  regime. This finding has implications for the future development of Russian civil society and demonstrates a way that non-democratic rule has been ‘upgraded’ in Russia.
   **Russia-Civil Society.
                      Control No : 43094               
                                
-FOREIGN POLICY    
22. Haglund, David G. and Soloninka, Deanna        
Woodrow Wilson Still Fuels Debate on ‘Who Lost Russia?’. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, 60(3), 2016: 433–452.
   
This article wrestles with the question: could there have been something in the Woodrow Wilson  presidency that remains germane to the continuing debate about whether the United States and its Western allies “lost” Russia following the ending of the Cold War and disappearance of the Soviet Union? The controversy over Woodrow Wilson's well-documented racism1 has obscured the fact that Wilson's foreign policy agenda remains central to contemporary debates about international security. Certainly the impending centenary of the president's historic decision to ask Congress to declare war on Imperial Germany in April 1917 will lead scholars to revisit Wilsonian diplomacy as it related to his decision to intervene in World War I. But the current foreign-policy controversy involving Wilson dwells upon a different set of questions on the issue of America's relations with Russia today.
   **Russia-Foreign Policy.
              Control No : 43056               
                                
-FOREIGN POLICY-CSTO    
23. Kropatcheva, Elena        
Russia and the Collective Security Treaty Organisation: Multilateral Policy or Unilateral Ambitions? Europe-Asia Studies, 68(9), 2016: 1526-1552.
   
Ambivalence and misconceptions surround the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO).  Relying upon the literature on multilateralism, state–IGO relations, regionalism and security governance, this study examines: which goals Russia is pursuing in its CSTO policy; how Russia  engages with its individual members within the organisation; how Russia uses it in five foreign  policy situations and with which results. It shows that Russia’s CSTO policy is more mixed and complex than is usually assumed. Russia uses the CSTO in pursuit of unilateral ambitions but it is also searching for partners. Russia’s policy has resulted in the formation of instrumental  multilateralism within the CSTO.
   **Russia-Foreign Policy-CSTO.
Control No : 43093
                            
-POLITICS    
24. Carnaghan, Ellen        
From Balcony to Barricade: Nationalism and Popular Mobilisation in Georgia, Ukraine, and Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(9), 2016: 1579-1607.
   
This article examines the dynamics of popular mobilisation in autocratic post-communist regimes, focusing on how opposition groups manoeuvre around cultural and structural constraints to inspire ordinary citizens to join street protests, despite the real dangers associated with political  action. Using evidence from original interviews with activists in Georgia, Ukraine, and Russia,  the article analyses the comparative challenges facing Russian activists in constructing new collective identities for the people they hope will become their followers, through the use of an inclusive, civic nationalism and a narrative that links action in the present to an ongoing,  shared historical process.
   **Russia-Politics.
                    Control No : 43095
                
SOMALIA    
-GOVERNMENT    

25. Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji        
How Somalia Works: Mimicry and the Making of Mohamed Siad Barre's Regime in Mogadishu.  Africa Today, 63(1), 2016: 57-83.
   
Recent literature on Somalia has largely been preoccupied with the latest developments from the  capital, Mogadishu, yet Somalia in public discourse is not the same as the empirically nuanced  Somalia on the ground. This article examines how and why the concept of governmentality has become  a peculiar mixture of genuine reform and replication of old institutions and practices. Casting a new light on the type of governmentality exercised in Mogadishu, it explores the cosmological ways  in which political power is articulated, both visually and physically, and reveals how Mogadishu mimics the old military regime of General Mohamed Siad Barre to create a sense of authoritarian  rule.
   **Somalia-Government; Mogadishu-Economy.
                Control No : 43071               
                                
SOUTH SUDAN    
             - POLITICS 
   
26. Roach, Steven C        
South Sudan: a volatile dynamic of accountability and peace. International Affairs(UK), 92(6), 2016(November): 1343-1359.
   
This article examines many key factors affecting the peace process, including rampant corruption, military factionalism, gross human rights abuses and ineffective foreign intervention/pressure. It shows that the past and present failure to structure accountability at the institutional level  drives the instability and distrust that has limited the political dialogue and consensus needed  to implement the peace deal. To frame this issue of accountability, the article distinguishes between core (essential) and peripheral (self-serving) objectives of promoting accountability. In  doing so, it seeks to devise and apply the logic of this dynamic of accountability and to explain  the unexpected outcomes of South Sudan's conflict.
   **South Sudan-Politics.
                       Control No : 43058

TURKEY    
-FOREIGN POLICY-ARAB WORLD 
   

27. Keyman, E. Fuat        
Turkish foreign policy in the post-Arab Spring era: from proactive to buffer state.
   Third World Quarterly, 37(12), 2016: 2274-2287.
   
Our globalising world is presently in a state of global turmoil. Risk, uncertainty, and insecurity  are the terms that shape global/regional/national/local affairs and developments. The refugee crisis and the war against ISIL constitute the twin crises creating seismic impacts and consequences that in turn escalate risk and turmoil. Turkey is situated at the heart of these two crises, being very much affected by them and, therefore, perceived as a pivotal actor in the way in which the West is dealing with them. Yet, the West’s current instrumentalist and functionalist  approach to Turkey as a buffer state designed to contain these two crises in the MENA does not  offer an effective and sustainable solution to these crises, much less provide the stability and order that is direly needed in regional and global affairs.
   **Turkey-Foreign Policy-Arab world.
             Control No : 43087                    

UK    
    -GOVERNMENT  
 
28. Kenealy, Daniel        
A Tale of One City: The Devo Manc Deal and Its Implications for English Devolution.  The Political Quarterly, 87(4), 2016(October-December).
   
On 2 November 2014 George Osborne stood in the impressive great council chamber of Manchester town hall and, flanked by the ten leaders of Greater Manchester's local authorities, announced a devolution deal for the city-region. Greater Manchester would receive a significant package of  powers over transport, housing, planning, skills, business support and welfare in exchange for  creating new governance structures, including a directly elected mayor for the city-region. This  article explores the background to the Devo Manc deal, arguing that it is the product of both a  long history of local government collaboration in Greater Manchester and George Osborne's desire for a sweeping restructure of English governance. It traces how the key decisions were taken  quickly and by a small number of key officials. The article also identifies some flaws in Devo  Manc and considers whether it is an appropriate model for other city-regions in the UK.
   **UK-Government.
   572- 587                Control No : 43063
                
-LABOUR PARTY    
29. McLean, Iain        
The No-men of England: The Geordie Revolt that Defeated the Scotland and Wales Bill in 1977.  The Political Quarterly, 87(4), 2016(October-December): 601-608.
   
The Scotland and Wales Acts 1978 failed on multiple criteria. Although devolution of powers to Scotland and Wales was a principal policy of the Labour governments in office from 1974 to 1979,  it was defeated in a guillotine vote in 1977. That defeat was orchestrated by the leaders of Tyne  & Wear County Council, angry that a government of their own party was apparently neglecting their  region in favour of Scotland. The project was rescued in two separate bills, but a further rebel amendment inserted a minimum assent condition in the required referendums. The people of Wales rejected the devolution they were offered. The people of Scotland accepted it, but by a margin that failed to cross the threshold. The resulting vote of confidence brought down the Labour  government in March 1979.
   **UK-Labour Party.
                    Control No : 43065               
                                
-POLITICS, UK-ELECTION    
30. Fox, Sean, Johnston,Ron and Manley, David        
If Immigrants Could Vote in the UK: A Thought Experiment with Data from the 2015 General Election.  The Political Quarterly, 87(4), October-December 2016.
   
The distribution of voting rights in the UK is an artefact of history rather than a product of   clear legal or philosophical principles. Consequently, some resident aliens (i.e. immigrants) have  the right to vote in all UK elections; others can vote in local elections but are excluded from  national elections; still others are excluded from all elections. In England and Wales alone, roughly 2.3 million immigrants are excluded from voting in national elections. This exclusion is inconsistent with the founding principle of democracy and distorts political discourse. What if all immigrants could vote in national elections? We estimate that up to ninety-five parliamentary  seats could have been won by a different party in the 2015 general election. More substantially, enfranchising all immigrants would require re-drawing UK constituency boundaries. The new electoral map would increase the relative power of urban constituencies and would incentivise some political entrepreneurs and parties to temper anti- immigration rhetoric.
   **UK-Politics, UK-Election.
                   Control No : 43061
                
31. Worthy, Ben        
Ending in Failure? The Performance of‘Takeover’ Prime Ministers 1916–2016. The Political Quarterly, 87(4), October-December 2016: 509-517.
   
When Theresa May became Prime Minister in July 2016, she joined a list of eleven previous UK takeover leaders in the past 100 years. While the popular image is of Prime Ministersarriving in power after a general election victory, more than half of the Prime Ministers whogoverned since 1916 have acceded as ‘takeover leaders’ through an internal party process.This article analyses  how such takeover leaders perform, concluding that May is likely toface greater obstacles and  enjoy fewer advantages than if she had been popularly elected.Takeover leaders have less time in power and less chance of winning subsequent elections,and are generally rated as worse-performing.
   **UK-Politics, UK-Election.
                       Control No : 43062
                
-POLITICS, UK-REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTY    
32. Giovannini, Arianna        
Towards a ‘New English Regionalism’ in the North? The Case of Yorkshire First. The Political Quarterly, 87(4), 2016(October-December): 590-600.
   
Traditionally, the debate over English devolution has been framed by mainstream parties, favouring  a top-down approach. However, this scenario has recently started to change, particularly in the  areas with stronger regional identities such as the North of England. In 2014, the first  regionalist party (Yorkshire First) was created, followed by the North East Party and the Northern  Party. Such actors overtly challenge the narratives of regionalisation that have prevailed so far,  and endorse bottom-up regionalism. This article offers the first analysis of these ‘new regional  voices’ in the North, and seeks to assess emerging tensions between regionalisation and  regionalism in the devolution debate. To achieve this, it concentrates on the case of Yorkshire  First, drawing on documentary analysis and the results of a membership survey. It will be argued  that, although still limited in its impact, the rise of Yorkshire First signals the presence of a  political vacuum in the region which has been left open by mainstream politics, and that regional  identity and territorial cleavages do matter in the current debate on devolution in the North of  England.
   **UK-Politics, UK-Regional Political Party.
                       Control No : 43064               
                                
UNITED STATES    
             -FOREIGN POLICY- CHINA    

33. He, Kai        
How Could China Bargain for a Peaceful Accommodation? Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, 60(3), 2016: 382–394.
   
China's rise is a bargaining process between China and the outside world—especially with the  United States. This article suggests two strategies, “socialization” and “legitimation,” which a  rising power can use to seek “accommodation for identity” with the hegemon. Using China's peaceful rise after the Cold War as a case study, the essay then examines how China employed these two  strategies to reach bargaining deals on the arms control regimes and anti-separatist movements in  Xinjiang with the outside world. It concludes that the United States needs to take China's  bargaining efforts seriously and consider possible peaceful accommodation with China.
**United States-Foreign Policy-China.
                    Control No : 43055

-POLITICS    
34. Gupta, Amit        
Demographic Changes and U.S. Foreign Policy. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, 60(3), 2016 (November): 353-365.
   
This article suggests that if by 2044, as the U.S. Census Bureau indicates, “minorities” in   America become the majority, there may be some significant reorientations of American foreign  policy with a shift of emphasis to Asia and Latin America. More importantly, the U.S.-EU  relationship may undergo some fundamental changes or normalization. Moreover, shifting demographic  trends will allow the United States to compete more effectively within the international system and allow it to remain innovative, economically wealthy, and militarily effective.
   **United States-Politics.
                    Control No : 43053

USA
-FOREIGN RELATION-CHINA  
 

35. Womack, Brantly        
Asymmetric parity: US–China relations in a multinodal world. International Affairs(UK), 92 (6), 2016(November): 1463-1480.
   
The period 2008 to 2015 is likely to prove a traumatic transition from the post-Cold War era of American unipolar hegemony to a new status quo of asymmetric parity between the US and China. With  approximately equal masses of production and one third of the world's total, the relationship of  the United States and China will remain the focus of global politics for the foreseeable future  While parity in economic mass makes each the greatest concern of the other, their asymmetry in wealth, developmental levels, and geopolitical concerns makes unnecessary a power transition scenario. Hitherto the analysis of parity has assumed symmetry, and therefore the point of power transition and challenge is highlighted and strategy has focused on relative gain vis-à-vis the  rival.
   **US-Foreign Relation-China.
                      Control No : 43060
                
USA    
-FOREIGN POLICY  
 
36. Faini, Matteo        
The US Government and the Italian coup manqué of 1964: the unintended consequences of intelligence  hierarchies. Intelligence and National Security, 2016, 31(7): 1011-1024.
   
 In the summer of 1964, Italian security forces and the President of the Republic attempted to
 remove the US-backed Italian center-left government. The attempt did not succeed, but the threat to do so was used to curtail the government’s reformist program. This article shows that the State  Department and the CIA misunderstood the plans of the Italian President and security officers, dismissing the possibility of a forceful removal of the center-left, despite having a  long-standing hierarchical relationship with Italian intelligence. US officials failed because of poor analytic tradecraft and because of two unintended consequences of international intelligence  hierarchies: an excessive reliance on liaison over penetrations and the increased freedom of maneuver of Italian intelligence when faced with multiple, competing principals.
   **USA-Foreign Policy.
                    Control No : 43099               
                                
-FOREIGN POLICY-IRAN    
37. Mehta, Rupal N. and Whitlark, Rachel Elizabeth        
Unpacking the Iranian Nuclear Deal: Nuclear Latency and U.S. Foreign Policy.Washington Quarterly, 39(4), 2016: 45-61.
   
On July 14, 2015, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the international community, led by the United States and the European Union, signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) ensuring for the next 10–15 years that Iran’s nuclear program was entirely peaceful. In the subsequent months,  the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) verified that all signatories to the agreement had fulfilled their obligations. The deal allows Iran to retain a substantial portion of its nuclear  infrastructure—specifically its ability to indigenously enrich uranium into fissile material, the  material required in nuclear weapons.
   **USA-Foreign Policy-Iran.
                     Control No : 43089
                
-FOREIGN RELATION-RUSSIA    
38. Barrass, Gordon        
Able Archer 83: What Were the Soviets Thinking?  Survival, 58(6), 2016: 7-30.
   
The 1983 war scare was less frightening than many have claimed. Nevertheless, the Able Archer  episode offers lessons on dealing with situations of great tension.
   **USA-Foreign Relation-Russia.
                    Control No : 43077

39. Carter, Ash        
A Strong and Balanced Approach to Russia.
   Survival, 58(6), 2016: 51-62.
   
The United States does not seek a new cold war with Russia. But the United States will defend its  allies and partners, and the principled international order.
   **USA-Foreign Relation-Russia.
                      Control No : 43080               
                                
-FOREIGN RELATION-VIETNAM    
40. Nguyen, Hang        
VIETNAM-US PARTNERSHIP: PILLARS AND PROSPECTS.  ASIAN AFFAIRS, 47(3), 2016(October): 465- 470.
   
This essay analyses the foundations and future of the Vietnam-US partnership. It shows that   Vietnam and the United States have sought to broaden and deepen the bilateral relations in three   main areas: (i) trade and investment relations, (ii) political and security relations, and (iii)   people-to-people cooperation. These areas continue to be the pillars for Vietnam and the United  States to build up their ties. Given China's growing assertiveness in the South China Sea and the  United States rebalance to the Asia- Pacific, Vietnam and the United States will become closer and  will work together to add strategic values to their partnership.
   **USA-Foreign Relation-Vietnam.
                   Control No : 43076
               
-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY    
41. Coulthart, Stephen        
Why do analysts use structured analytic techniques? An in-depth study of an American intelligence  agency.  Intelligence and National Security, 2016, 31(7): 933-948.
   
This article presents findings from the first publicly available survey generalizable to an   intelligence agency to explore why analysts use structured analytic techniques (SATs). Mandated by  the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (2004), SATs are simple methodologies  supposed to make analysis more transparent and, hopefully, valid. Despite the US government’s   investment in training thousands of analysts, there is no solid evidence on how often or why   analysts actually use SATs. A survey of 80 analysts and nine follow-up interviews at the State   Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research reveals a simple, but important, truth:   implementing the techniques requires training and compelling evidence they will improve analysis.
   **USA-Intelligence Agency.
                     Control No : 43096
          
42. Hänni, Adrian        
When Casey’s blood pressure rose: a case study of intelligence politicization in the United   States.   Intelligence and National Security, 2016, 31(7): 963- 977.

This article contributes to the debate on the politicization of intelligence with a case study of  a major attempt of politicization that so far largely escaped academic attention: the Special   National Intelligence Estimate on the Soviet Union’s role in international terrorism produced by  the US Intelligence Community in spring 1981. Despite direct and indirect manipulation by members of President Reagan’s Cabinet, this case differs from those usually discussed in a decisive way –  politicization failed.
   **USA-Intelligence Agency.
                      Control No : 43097
                
-MILITARY    
43. Hooker Jr, R.D.        
Airpower in American Wars.  Survival, 58(6), 2016.
   
Since the Second World War, airpower has been seen as the crown jewelin America’s strategic   inventory.1 No country has been able to match American dominance in the air since 1944, yielding   clear air superiority to US forces in every conflict. This success has led to the belief that  airpower is the dominant form of military power, and that US strategic and resource decisions  should reflect that primacy.
   **USA-Military; USA-Defence.
                    Control No : 43081
                
-POLITICS    
44. Franco, Massimo        
Clinton, Trump and the Catholic Church., 58(6), 2016: 43-47.
   
   The 2016 US presidential election was uncomfortable for the Vatican and the American bishops
   **USA-Politics.
                Control No : 43079
                
45. Rojecki, Andrew        
Trumpism and the American Politics of Insecurity. Washington Quarterly, 39(4), 2016: 65-81.
   
The rise, resilience, and unexpected triumph of Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign for President of the United States were not the result of an anomalous perfect storm, as some have claimed. A recent  op-ed by Arthur Brooks of the American Enterprise Institute, for example, cites a study of  financial crises over the past 140 years. It found that uncertainty spikes after financial crises, and that uncertainty often leads to political polarization. It also attracts voters to the  political rhetoric of the extreme right, which blames minorities or foreigners as the cause of   economic malaise.
   **USA-Politics.
                 Control No : 43090
                                
-RELATIONS-CHINA    
46. Miura,Kacie and Weiss,Chen        
Will China Test Trump? Lessons from Past Campaigns and Elections. Washington Quarterly, 39(4), 2016: 7-25.
   
China was in the crosshairs of both U.S. presidential candidates this election season. Republican  candidate Donald J. Trump pledged to put an end to Chinese trade policies that “rape” the U.S.  economy, while Democratic candidate Hillary R. Clinton criticized China’s record on human rights  and island-building activities in the South China Sea. Trump and Clinton both pledged to label  China a currency manipulator, file more trade cases against China, and impose tariffs on Chinese  imports. As Chinese state media lamented, “China-bashing” is an “easy political card for U.S.  political candidates to play.
   **USA-Relations-China.
               Control No : 43088
                
                                
 WORLD SOCIETY    
47. Freistein, Katja and Mahlert, Bettina        
       The potential for tackling inequality in the Sustainable Development Goals. Third World Quarterly, 37(12), 2016: 2139-2155.
   
The recently passed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) encompass a variety of explicit and   implicit goals that address inequality. Although formulations remain vague and targets abstract, the SDGs go much further than previous development goals in addressing inequality as a central  issue. Against the background of insights from inequality research, the article assesses their potential to become discursive resources for fundamental reforms of established development ideas.
   **World society.
             Control No : 43084
                
YEMEN    
             -FOREIGN RELATIONS-ARAB WORLD    

48. Hokayem, Emile and Roberts, David B.        
The War in Yemen.   Survival, 58(6), 2016: 157-186.
   
The Yemen intervention has ushered in a new era in the Gulf's security discourse and, perhaps,  praxis. Since the turn of the millennium, the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) –  Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) – have spent over $1  trillion on mostly high-end, Western military equipment. On paper, this has left the countries' military kit without peer in the Arab world. Intensive military odernisation has been accompanied by joint operations and some small interventions, notably by the UAE.
   **Yemen-Foreign Relations-Arab World.
               Control No : 43083

 

 
 
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