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Annual Report 1973-74
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APPENDICES
NUMBER PAGE
I. International Conferences, Congresses, Seminars in which
India participated in 1973-74 127
II. International Organisations of which India became a
member/ceased to be a member 141
III. Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed by
India with other countries in 1973 142
IV. ITEC Programme 158
V. Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts abroad
during 1973-74. 163
VI. List of Indian Missions/Posts opened in 1973-74 165
INDIA
| Introduction
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Top |
INTRODUCTION
The year under review witnessed further confirmation of the
viability and continuing validity of aims, principles and practise
of the policy of non-alignment. The Fourth Summit Conference of
the non-alignment nations held at Algiers from Sep 05, 1973 to 9 September
1973, added a new dimension to the continuing struggle of the
majority of the world's population, as represented at the Summit,
for genuine independence, peace and international security. The
non-aligned nations, meeting at Algiers, decided to reinforce their
common action in order to promote the principles of economic
security in international relations. To this end, they decided to
increase co-operation among themselves and demanded that
economic exploitation of their resources by the developed world
should end. While noting, with satisfaction, the general trend
towards detente, the conference warned that the process should
not be confined to the prosperous areas of the world because
peace is indivisible. Peace would remain precarious unless it is
extended to the third world which has remained condemned to
insecurity and domination the most powerful.
As in the past India participated actively in the deliberations
of the Summit and her significant contributions were generally
welcomed and appreciated. Of special interest to India was the
recognition by the conference of the realities in the Indian sub-
continent and its unanimous recommendation for the admission
of Bangladesh into the United Nations.
pg1>
India has noted with appreciation that the trend towards
detente that developed last year has maintained its momentum.
The gradual reduction of tension between rival blocs, which
India and the non-aligned nations have long been urging, is now
clearly noticeable. The recent improvement of relations between
the great Powers and the increase in contacts between the Soviet
Union and the United States on the one hand and the United
States and China on the other are indications of this continuing
trend. India has welcomed the agreement concluded between the
United State of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics in June 1973, for preventing nuclear war and the
understanding between them in several other fields. India has
also noted with satisfaction the Four Power Agreement on Berlin,
the treaties between the two German States and between the
Federal Republic of Germany and Poland and the convening of
the Conference on European Security and Co-operation. The
simultaneous admission of the two German States to the United
Nations was welcomed by India as an augury of the beginning
of a new era of understanding and co-operation in Central Europe.
In this context, it is not surprising to note that the European
partners of the Atlantic alliance were cool to the American call
for a new Atlantic Charter and were apprehensive over the
nuclear alert given by the U.S.A. during the West Asian war in
October.
While welcoming the gradual process of mutual accommodation
and co-operation and the consequent reduction of tension in the
developed world, India could not but note with sorrow and con-
cern that great Power rivalry continues to show itself in many
ways and in many areas especially in the developing World.
While the Paris Agreements promise to usher in a period of peace
and reconstruction in the war-torn Vietnam, and the mutual
understanding among the parties in Laos has raised hopes for
stability in that country, India is deeply distressed at the continuing
tension in Cambodia.
The recent hostilities in West Asia are yet another indication
of the tragic international situation where peace is denied where
pg2>
it is needed. India is convinced that a just peace can be secured
in this area only on the basis of two basic principles, namely.
the evacuation of all territories occupied by Israel since 5 June.
1967 and the restoration of the legitimate rights of the Pales-
tinians. The convening of the Geneva Conference has increased
the chances of arriving at a durable settlement. India hopes that
the Geneva Conference would yield results and that Israel would
show the same flexibility and realism as shown by the Arabs.
For her own part, India continued, during the year under re-
view, her sincere efforts to eliminate once and for all the politics
of confrontation and to usher in an era of good neighbourly and
harmonious co-operation in the sub-continent. The Delhi Agree-
ment of 28 August 1973, between India and Pakistan is a
Significant step in this direction, taken on the initiative of India
and in conformity with the joint Indo-Bangladesh declaration of
17 April 1973. Simultaneous repatriation of Bengalees from
Pakistan, Pakistanis from Bangladesh and prisoners of war and
civilian internees from India has been taking place with creditable
speed and efficiency, although the movement of Pakistanis from
Bangladesh has been somewhat at a slower pace. In the light
of the steady progress in the implementation of the Delhi Agree-
ment, India feels that further progress should now be made in
the implementation of the Simla Agreement of July 1972,
particularly in respect of the normalisation measures envisaged
in paragraph 3 of that Agreement. Accordingly, India has again
taken the initiative to suggest to Pakistan that talks may be held
towards resuming communications, trade, travel and cultural
links between the two countries.
The reciprocal recognition by Pakistan and Bangladesh of
each other is a positive step towards normalisation and stability
in the sub-continent. Pakistan's unconditional recognition of
Bangladesh, announced on the eve of the Islamic Summit
at Lahore, has vindicated the joint stand taken by India and
Bangladesh that the unresolved problems among the three
countries can only be solved through direct negotiations among
the parties on the basis of equality and sovereignty. India has
pg3>
welcomed this development which, it is hoped, will pave the
way for further progress towards harmonious relations in the
sub-continent.
Meanwhile India has continued her efforts to promote the
closest friendship and wide-ranging co-operation with her most
immediate neighbours. India's developing relations with Bangladesh
have been wide-ranging and far-reaching. sides co-operation in
the international field, as for example in the non-aligned group,
the Commonwealth and various United Nations specialised agen-
cies, India and Bangladesh have now strengthened the growing
economic collaboration between them. The initial emphasis, in
India's co-operation with Bangladesh, on the supply of essential
commodities and relief goods has shifted now to close co-operation
and collaboration in the fields of trade, industry, transportation,
utilisation of water resources, etc. with a view to strengthening
the economy of Bangladesh and to developing mutually beneficial
economic relations. India's relations with Nepal have continued
to grow and strengthen. The stage is now well set for further-
expansion and diversification of Indo-Nepal co-operation in vari-
ous fields. With Sri Lanka, India has continued her efforts to,
resolve-outstanding issues and develop co-operation in the eco-
nomic and other fields. The mutual desire for further strengthen-
ing of Indo-Sri Lanka relations has been reflected in the visits
exchanged at the highest levels between the two countries. India's
relations with Burma continue to be cordial and reflect their
mutual confidence. India welcomed the emergence of the Repub-
lic of Afghanistan and has strengthened political and economic
ties with that country. With Iran, India has maintained a conti-
nuous dialogue to reach a greater understanding of policies of
each other and to strengthen co-operation in the economic and
cultural fields.
Farther afield, India has strengthened her mutually beneficial
relations with the countries in the South-East-Asian-Pacific
region. A growing understanding between India on the one hand
and Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines
on the other hand has been evident in many ways. India welcomes
pg4>
the recent efforts by Australia and New Zealand to move closer
to the countries in the region. India's own contacts with Australia
and New Zealand, her partners in the Commonwealth, have been
further strengthened by the growing identity of interests between
India and these two countries. The visits of the Prime Ministers
of Australia and New Zealand to India during the year under
review have served to underline the basic identity of views among
them on matters of common interest.
India's continued interest in keeping the Indian Ocean an
Ocean of Peace, free from Big Power rivalry, has been demons-
trated during the year under review by the steps taken at various
international forums like the Non-aligned Summit, the Common-
wealth Conference and the United Nations. India has expressed
deep concern over the increased military presence of Big Powers
in the Indian Ocean. The recent decision of the U.S.A. to further
expand the military facilities in the Indian Ocean island of Diego
Garcia has deeply disturbed all the countries in the region. This
development, which is clearly inconsistent with the U.N. General
Assembly resolution, has added an urgency to the need to mobi-
lise international support for the idea of Nuclear-free Indian
Ocean.
India's relations with the European countries have registered
a steady progress. The recent accord between India and the
European Economic Community provides a general framework
for commercial co-operation and trade exchange to the mutual
benefit of India and the member countries of the EEC.
India's friendship, with the Soviet Union has stood the test of
time. The desire of both countries to expand and deepen their
mutually advantageous co-operation in all fields has been evident
in the continuous exchange of visits between the two countries:
at the highest levels culminating in the recent visit of the Soviet
leader, Mr. Brezhnev. A noteworthy aspect of Indo-Soviet relations
is the respect shown by each for the views of the other and the
absence of any effort by either side to interfere with the indepen-
dence of judgement and action of the other. Based on mutual
pg5>
recognition of independence and equality, Indo-Soviet friendship
has strengthened India's non-alignment as well as the climate of
international peace.
India has welcomed recent indications of a change in the United
States' attitude towards the Indian sub-continent and towards
relationship, with India in particular. There is no basic conflict
of interests between India and the United States of America and
as such India hopes that Indo-U.S. relations will soon enter a
phase where a constructive, co-operative and mature relationship
can be built up.
Notwithstanding India's sincere desire for normalising her
relations with China, India regrets that there has been no positive
response from that country. China's attitude towards India and
towards the recent developments in the sub-continent continues.
to be unhelpful.
pg6>
Sep 05, 1973 |
India's Neighbours |
Top |
CHAPTER I
INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS
Afghanistan
The Vice-President paid a State visit to Afghanistan from Jun 07, 1973 to
14 June 1973. A Republican Government was established in
Afghanistan in July 1973. Mr. Mohammad Naim, Special
Envoy of the President of Afghanistan, visited India from 20 to 24
September 1973 and again from 25 to 28 February 1974. The
Minister of External Affairs, Sardar Swaran Singh paid a visit
to Afghanistan from 29 October to 1 November 1973. Bilateral
and general questions were discussed at these meetings. Further
measures of economic and technical collaboration have been
decided upon and the Government of India looks forward to
increasing friendly co-operation with Afghanistan.
Bangladesh
Close consultations between the Governments of India and
Bangladesh through normal diplomatic channels and by Special
Emissaries resulted in major Indo-Bangladesh initiatives for
resolving the humanitarian issues on the sub-continent arising
out of the conflict with Pakistan in 1971. The Prime Minister's
Special Emissary, Shri P. N. Haksar, visited Dacca from 1 to 6
pg7>
April 1973. His visit was followed by the visit of the Bangladesh
Foreign Minister, Dr. Kamal Hossain, to New Delhi from 13 to
16 April 1973. These discussions, and consultations through diplo-
matic channels, culminated in the Indo-Bangladesh Joint Declara-
tion of 17 April 1973, which provided a means for the resolution
of humanitarian issues by simultaneous repatriation of the
Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees in India, except-
ing those required for trial on criminal charges, of Bengalees in
Pakistan and of Pakistanis in Bangladesh. The Foreign Secretaries.
of Bangladesh and India met in New Delhi on 22 and 23 May
1973, for discussion on the Pakistani response to the Joint Decla-
ration and these discussions were followed by further discussions
in Dacca from 15 to 17 August 1973, of the Prime Minister's
Special Emissary, Shri P. N. Haksar, India's Foreign Secretary,
Shri Kewal Singh, and other officials, preparatory to discussions
with the Pakistani delegation in Delhi which commenced on 18
August 1973. The discussions with Pakistan saw the signature
of the Delhi Agreement of 28 August 1973. The Delhi Agreement
provided for the simultaneous repatriation of all Bengalees in
Pakistan, a substantial number of Pakistanis in Bangladesh and
all Pakistani POWs and civilian internees in India, except 195
POWs, who would remain in India pending further discussions
between India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Throughout the discussions with the Pakistani delegation in
New Delhi in August 1973 and earlier in Islamabad from 24 to
31 July 1973, close and constant touch was kept with the
Bangladesh Government. The relations of the fullest confidence
existing between the Governments of India and Bangladesh were
evident during these consultations and in the Delhi Agreement,
which had the complete support of the Government of Bangla-
desh.
The Minister of External Affairs paid a return visit to
Bangladesh from 13 to 15 February 1974, at the invitation of
the Bangladesh Foreign Minister. The visit was preceded by the
third official level Indo-Bangladesh bilateral consultations which
took place at Dacca from 9 to 12 January 1974. During these
pg8>
discussions the progress of repatriation of Bengalees. Pakistanis
and POWs. consequent on the Delhi Agreement was exhaustively
reviewed and the hope was, expressed that Pakistan would issue
quicker clearance to honour its commitments to receive back its
nationals from Bangladesh expeditiously. Detailed discussions
covering various aspects of bilateral relations resulted in the
expression of mutual satisfaction on the wide-ranging and
growing co-operation between the two countries in all fields.
The discussions revealed a unanimity of views on the international
situation.
On 22 February 1974, Prime Minister Bhutto announced
Pakistan's recognition of Bangladesh. The announcement was
made during the time the Islamic Summit was being held in
Pakistan. Following the announcement, a Bangladesh Delegation
led by the Prime Minister, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, attended
the Islamic Summit. The Prime Minster and the Minister of Ex-
ternal Affairs welcomed Pakistani recognition of Bangladesh as
an essential step for the normalisation of relations between
Bangladesh and Pakistan and for peace and co-operation in the
sub-continent.
In its rapidly developing external relations, Bangladesh has
India's full support, wedded as both are to common tenets in
international affairs, of non-alignment, anti-colonialism, peaceful
co-existence, non-interference and co-operation for mutual benefit.
India's diplomatic Missions actively supported Bangladesh's
admission to numerous international organisations. Bangladesh
is now a member of the Non-aligned Group of Nations, the
Colombo Plan, the Commonwealth and various U.N. specialised
and related agencies and inter-governmental and international
organisations.
As in other spheres, periodic consultations between border
officials of Bangladesh and India continued to co-ordinate efforts
to suppress smuggling and undesirable trans-border activities. The
Directors of Land Records and Surveys of Bangladesh and West
pg9>
Bengal and Tripura met in March and November 1973, to review
the progress of field work and the programme of mapping and
restoration of damaged pillars on the borders.
Besides co-operation in the international field, and economic
collaboration, as mentioned in subsequent paragraphs, Indo-
Bangladesh activities ranged over diverse fields during the year.
A parcel service was introduced between India and Bangladesh
from I March 1973; progress was made in the implementation of
the Cultural Co-operation Agreement; a five-year agreement on
the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy and Scientific Research was
signed on 31 August 1973. This provides for exchange of informa-
tion, experience and scientists for the progress of nuclear research
work.
Economic Relations with Bangladesh
On the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent sovereign
nation India promised economic aid to the extent of Rs. 200
crores in the shape of grants and loans to rehabilitate and recon-
struct the war shattered economy of Bangladesh. The Indian people
and voluntary organisations manifested their fraternal spirit by
sending relief goods worth approximately another Rs. 20 crores.
Thanks to the efforts of the Government and people of Bangladesh
and the help of the international community, Bangladesh has
successfully rehabilitated her economy and has launched her First
Five-Year Plan of economic reconstruction and development. The-
initial emphasis on the supply of essential commodities and relief
goods has now been shifted to close co-operation and collaboration
in the fields of trade, industry, transportation, water management
etc., for strengthening the economy of Bangladesh and developing
economic relations for the mutual benefit of the peoples of the
two countries.
The actual expenditure for the period ending 31-3-1973
amounted to Rs. 142.67 crores. The balance of Rs. 57.33 crores
has been earmarked for expenditure during 1973-74 and 1974-75.
pg10>
In addition to the amount of Rs. 200 crores, India has agreed.
to give the following government-to-government aid and commer-
cial credits:-
(1) Rs. 10 crores for the purchase of equipment.
(2) Rs. 25 crores special bank credit for the supply of items
like railway wagons and coaches, pumps, tubewells,
transmission lines, power shipment etc.
(3) Rs. 15 crores temporary bank accommodation for 365
days for the supply of textiles, especially sarees and
lungis.
In May 1973, the Indian Planning Minister, Shri D. P. Dhar,
accompanied by a team of senior officials visited Bangladesh and
held wide-ranging discussions on economic co-operation between
the two countries.
The Komorrah Limestone Company in Meghalaya has been
supplying limestone to the Chhatak Cement Factory in Sylhet in
Bangladesh on an ad hoc basis, that is under the Limited Pay-
ments Agreement or under the Rs. 18.58 crores Refugee Relief
Grant given to Bangladesh in early 1972. Recently a draft agree-
ment for the supply of 2 lakh tonnes of limestone annually to the.
Chhatak Factory by the Komorrah Limestone Company for a
period of 20 years has been initialled. The formal approval of the
Bangladesh Government for this agreement is awaited.
In order to explore the scope for further co-operation in clinker/
cement between India and Bangladesh, the Government of India
has commissioned a feasibility study costing Rs. 1 lakh.
The Government of India has sanctioned another feasibility
study in respect of fertilizer co-operation. The study costing Rs. I
lakh has been entrusted to the Fertilizer Corporation of India.
India has also sanctioned technical assistance in the field of
sponge iron. The cost of this feasibility study, which would be
pg11>
about Rs. 13 lakhs, as well as the other studies, would be borne
by the Government of India.
Under the technical assistance programme India is providing
training facilities to Bangladesh Railway probationers and bank
executives. Schemes for training in other fields are being pro-
cessed.
An Indian ship "Vishva Darshan" renamed "Banglar Sampad"
was delivered to Bangladesh on 11 July 1973. This was in addi-
tion to "Vishva Prem" delivered in 1973 and two Fokker Friend-
ship aircrafts supplied even earlier under a Rs. 6 crores
credit.
During 1973, contracts were signed under the Rs. 10
crores credit agreement (forming part of the Rs. 200 crores
aid programme), entered into on 16 May 1972, for
(1) the
rehabilitation of the Bangladesh Railway system-Rs. 8 crores;
(2) the supply of telecommunication equipment Rs. 30 lakhs; and
(3) the supply of power equipment-Rs. 1.70 crores.
The Bhairab bridge on the river Meghna which restored rail
communication between Dacca and Chittagong was repaired by
the Indian engineers in a record time of four months. The bridge
was reopened by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 27 Septem-
ber 1973. Arrangements have also been completed for the inter-
change of railway wagons and carriage of goods on each other's
railways.
Upto 27 September 1973, trade between the two countries was
regulated under a three-tier system viz. the Limited Payment
Arrangement (LPA), Border Trade and Trade in free foreign
exchange. Trade under LPA envisaged movement of commodities
to the extent of Rs. 25 crores each way. This arrangement came
to an end on 27 September 1973. A Delegation led by the Minister
of Commerce, Prof. D. P. Chattopadhyaya, arrived at a new
agreement known as the Balanced Trade and Payments Agree-
ment (BTPA) which came into effect on 28 September 1973, for a
pg12>
period of three years. A trade protocol was also signed with a
validity of one year for the exchange of goods to the extent of
Rs. 30.5 crores each way.
A coal agreement was signed on 25 August 1973, for the supply
from India to Bangladesh of 650,000 tonnes of coal during 1973-74.
Also an Indo-Bangladesh agreement came into force on 20
September 1973, providing for the exchange of books, newspapers,
and periodicals worth Rs. 22 lakhs each way. Both these agree-
ments were under the BTPA.
The Inland Water Transport Organisations of India and
Bangladesh signed an agreement on 18 August 1973, for the pro-
per sealing of cargoes for security in transit and devised ways
and means of developing inland waterways for carriage of goods.
Considerable progress was made in initiating joint studies on
flood control and on the possibilities of co-operation in respect of
the waters of the Ganga-Brahmputra-Meghna systems and in the
field of electric power. The Joint Rivers Commission of the two
countries have held six meetings so far.
A delegation headed by Mr. Khondekar Moshtaque Ahmed,
the Bangladesh Minister for Water Resources, Flood Control and
Power visited New Delhi in July 1973 and held discussions
on matters relating to operation of Farakka Barrage with the
Indian delegation headed by the Minister of External Affairs,
Sardar Swaran Singh. These discussions proved useful and will
be continued so as to find agreed solutions.
A number of delegations from each country visited the other
to discuss co-operation in various fields of mutual interest. A
number of Committees/Study Groups were also set up to con-
sider co-operation in various fields:-
(1) The Ministry of External Affairs has set up a study
group for studying the broad areas for cement co-opera-
tion for detailed study by technical consultants.
pg13>
(2) A joint Indo-Bangladesh Study Group on Jute Co-opera-
tion which was set up in 1972, to protect the interest
of jute and jute manufacture in the world market held
two meetings this year, one in April 1973, in New Delhi
and the concluding session in Dacca in September,
1973.
(3) A Transport Co-ordination Group was set up to review
and solve transport problems in India and Bangla-
desh. Sub-groups were set up in Calcutta and Paksey
(in Bangladesh) which will meet periodically for co-
ordination of their work.
(4) The Joint Power Board which was set up for co-ordinat-
ing the generation and transmission in both the countries
held its first meetings in May and December 1973.
(5) The Inland Water Transport Standing Committee met in
August 1973, in New Delhi.
Bhutan
India's relations with Bhutan continued to be very cordial
and friendly and were marked by very close understanding and
co-operation in all fields. His Majesty, King Jigme Singye
Wangchuk continued to follow the policy of his late father in
forging close ties between India and Bhutan.
Bhutan was admitted to the Non-aligned Group at the Non-
aligned Summit meeting held in Algiers during the first week
of September 1973. Bhutan's application for the membership
had been earlier reviewed by the Steering Committee and for-
warded for the consideration of the Foreign Ministers' meeting
in Algiers. India has welcomed this development.
Dr. Karan Singh, the then Minister of Tourism and Civil
Aviation, paid an official visit to Bhutan from 20 to 23 October
1973. During his brief stay in Bhutan Dr. Karan Singh had
pg14>
useful discussions with the King and other dignitaries. The talks
centred mainly around the development of tourism in Bhutan.
The Minister of External Affairs, Sardar Swaran Singh, visit-
ed Bhutan from 4 to 6 February 1974 During his stay in Bhutan,
he had fruitful discussions on Indo-Bhutan co-operation With
His Majestly, the King of Bhutan, the Bhutanese Foreign Minis-
ter and other important dignitaries. These discussions were
characterised by deep warmth and cordiality and underlined the
identity in the view point of the two countries.
In the months of January and February 1974, India also
received several delegations from Bhutan. These included a 10-
member Tshongdu (National Assembly) delegation, a students
delegation and a farmers delegation.
Recent years have witnessed socioeconomic transformation
in Bhutan in several vital sectors, particularly agriculture, in-
dustry, road construction, transport and education. Bhutan's
Third Five Year Plan (1971-76) provides for an outlay of
Rs. 35 crores. India is actively co-operating in the programmes
envisaged under this Plan and has agreed to provide Rs. 33 crores
by way of developmental assistance. Detailed co-operation between
planning experts and specialists in various fields has also been
carried out.
The Government of India have undertaken to finance the
Chukha Hydro-electric Project and the Pagli Cement Plant in
Bhutan. The projects are estimated to cost Rs. 64.3 crores and
Rs. 7 crores respectively. ln addition, during the plan period
1971-76, a sum of Rs. 2.13 crores has also been approved for
geological and mineral exploration in Bhutan. The Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India, carried out a pre-investment
survey of forest resources for the exploitation of Bhutan's forest
wealth during the current year. A technical team of the Planning
Commission visited Bhutan and reviewed the implementation of
the annual plan for: 1972-73. The experts in Animal Husbandry,
pg15>
Power, Industries and Minerals, Health and Education, who
were included in the delegation, held useful discussions with
their counterparts in Bhutan.
Burma
In accordance with India's policy of developing good re-
lations with her neighbours, several steps were taken to strengthen
further the relations with Burma.
As a result of the discussions held in Rangoon between the
Indian and Burmese officials from 23 to 31 May 1973, an Air
Agreement was concluded between the two countries.
The Minister of External Affairs paid an official visit to
Burma from 5 to 9 April 1973. He was accompanied by a team
of officials from the Ministries of External Affairs, Irrigation and
Power, Commerce, Food and Agriculture, Industries and Petro-
leum and Chemicals. It was in the nature of a goodwill visit but
preliminary proposals to develop closer relations in economic
and cultural matters between the two countries were also dis-
cussed. As a consequence of the discussions held during the visit,
a 15-member Scientific and Technical Delegation led by Dr.
Nyi Nyi, Deputy Minister for Education of Burma, visited India
in July 1973. The Delegation was taken to various scientific and
educational institutions and industrial sites to acquaint then
with the progress made in India in these fields.
The joint boundary demarcation work between the two
countries has been making satisfactory progress. A 12-member
Burmese Delegation led by Col. Kyi Maung visited India from
10 to 22 November 1973, in connection with the 14th and 15th
Meetings of the Joint Boundary Commission.
Nepal
Indo-Nepal relations continued, to evolve and strengthen, in
a spirit of cordiality and mutual understanding. The Prime Min-
ister's visit to Nepal at the beginning of 1973, had set the stage
pg16>
for further expansion and diversification of Indo-Nepal co-
operation in various fields.
Since then the two countries have exchanged several high
level visits, culminating in the first ever State visit to India by
Their Majesties King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya of Nepal
(from 12 to 19 October 1973). While in India, Their Majesties
visited various places of cultural and religious importance as also
several sites of modem economic significance in India. In Delhi
H. M. King Birendra held talks with the President and the Prime
Minister and the Minister of External Affairs. He also discussed
various aspects of Indo-Nepal co-operation With other Ministers
of the Government of India. The Joint Communique issued
during the visit stressed the importance of the principles of peace-
ful co-existence in the conduct of international relations. It also
reaffirmed that the two countries should constantly endeavour to
strengthen friendship and deepen understanding between them and
work towards these ends.
Earlier, in April-May 1973, the Union Minister for Planning
accompanied by several experts, visited Nepal to meet Nepalese
planning officials. Several agreements were reached on Indo-
Nepal co-operation in fields such as irrigation and power,
communications, agriculture, horticulture, and industries. The
most important of these agreements was one on harnessing the
hydroelectric potential of river Karnali in Nepal. India has agreed
to purchase the bulk of the power to be generated by the proposed
Karnali project.
The third meeting, of the Indo-Nepal Joint Review Committee
was held in India from 26 December 1973 to 4 January 1974, to
discuss problems relating to Nepal's trade and transit. Agreements
were reached, inter alia, on facilities for Nepalese goods at
Calcutta port and on supply of essential commodities by India
to Nepal. The Foreign Secretary to the Government of Nepal,
accompanied by a delegation, also paid a Visit to India from 12
February 1974 to discuss further the supply of petroleum products
to Nepal.
pg17>
During the year 1973-74, economic co-operation between
the two countries was further developed and intensified, based
on the recognition that such co-operation was of mutual benefit
and symbolised the warm and friendly relations between the two
countries and peoples. A sum of Rs. 9.00 crores was provided in
the budget for the year 1973-74, by way of developmental assis-
tance from India. A standby credit of Rs. 10.00 crores was also
extended. The construction of the Central Sector of the Mahendra
Raj Marg (East-West Highway) progressed satisfactorily. The
work of improving and black-topping of Kathmandu-Godawri
Road is also progressing, The survey for construction of a bridge
on river Kamla on the East Sector of the. Mahendra. Raj Marg
has been completed and the construction of the bridge is expected
to be taken up shortly. The Eastern Sector of Mahendra Raj
Marg and Kosi area roads, are nearing completion. A Letter of
Exchange is shortly to be signed for black-topping and improve-
ment of Kathmandu-Trisuli Road from Ranipsuwa to Trisuli.
The work on Chatra Canal is nearing completion. Work on the
desilting basin of the Trisuli Hydel Project also progressed. A
high-level Nepalese delegation visited India to study the working
of important soil conservation centres in connection with imple-
menting soil conservation measures in Nepal. As a sequel to the
visit, a detailed soil conservation scheme under Indian aid to
Nepal is now being drawn up. Indian assistance in the fields of
horticulture, veterinary, water supply, rural development etc., has
continued this year.
Indian Teaching staff including professors, readers and
lecturers have continued to be deputed to the Tribhuvan Uni-
versity. Other technicians and coaches have also been sent to
Nepal.
Pakistan
India continued its search for normalisation of relations and
establishment of durable peace in the sub-continent. Repeated
pg18>
initiatives were taken over the year to accelerate the process
of reconciliation with Pakistan within the framework of the
Simla Agreement. Paragraph 4 of the Simla Agreement had
already been implemented in full with the delineation of the line
of control in Jammu and Kashmir and the withdrawal of troops
from occupied territories on the western border. India now
sought further implementation of the provisions of this,
Agreement.
Accordingly, in January 1973, India communicated to,
Pakistan its willingness to enter into bilateral negotiations for
implementation of normalisation measures listed in paragraph 3
of the Simla Agreement. These measures include resumption of
communications, air links and overflights, trade, restoration of
normal travel facilities and promotion of scientific and cultural
exchanges. Pakistan, however, responded negatively to this offer
on the plea that the prisoners of war issue had assumed first
priority and that implementation of normalisation measures
would have to await their repatriation to Pakistan. Thus, no
progress could be made.
India consequently directed its efforts to the early resolution
of the humanitarian issues arising out of the conflict of 1971.
These issues related to the need for repatriation of the Bengalees
detained in Pakistan, the Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian
internees in India who had surrendered to the joint Indo-
Bangladesh Command, and the Pakistani nationals in Bangladesh,
namely, those who had declared their allegiance to Pakistan.
The resolution of these humanitarian problems was held up due
to Pakistan's policy of continued non-recognition of Bangladesh.
which prevented the setting-up of a tripartite meeting in which
Bangladesh could participate on the basis of sovereign equality.
It was against this background that discussions were held
between the Governments of India and Bangladesh during April
1973, with a view to defreezing the situation and finding a
pg19>
solution to the humanitarian problems arising out of the
December 1971, conflict. As a result of these discussions,
Governments of India and Bangladesh issued a joint declaration
on 17 April 1973, which separated political problems from
humanitarian issues by proposing the simultaneous repatriation
of the Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees, except
those required by the Government of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh for trial on criminal charges, the repatriation, of
Bengalees forcibly detained in Pakistan and the repatriation of
Pakistanis in Bangladesh, i.e. all non-Bengalees who owed
allegiance to and had opted for repatriation to Pakistan. Thus,
the Declaration provided a fair, balanced and practical formula
for the repatriation of Pakistani prisoners and other citizens and
Bengalees displaced by the December 1971 conflict. It demons-
trated once again that contrary to Pakistani propaganda India
was not interested in using the POW issue for seeking any
political concessions from Pakistan. Moreover, the Joint Offer
took into account Pakistan's declared views on various issues
including war trials of Pakistani POWs, Pakistani nationals in
Bangladesh etc.
It was heartening to note that the international community
as a whole warmly welcomed the Indo-Bangladesh initiative in
the matter. It was, therefore, disappointing when Pakistan
responded by issuing a statement on 20 April 1973, in which it
set forth an extreme position calling for the one-sided resolution
of issues affecting Pakistan. The statement also sought to introduce
political considerations in the resolution of purely humanitarian
issues. In its official communication of 23 April, Pakistan while
referring to its statement of 20 April, made the suggestion that
a representative of the Government of India should visit
Islamabad to discuss these matters.
In consultation with the Government of Bangladesh, India
sent a reply to Pakistan, on 8 May in which it was emphasised
that the Indo-Bangladesh Joint Declaration had sought to
resolve simultaneously the humanitarian issues arising out of the
pg20>
armed conflict of 1971, and that Bangladesh had deliberately set
aside political considerations, although they were of vital impor-
tance to her. It was further suggested that if Pakistan Government
were to indicate their agreement in principle to the solution set
out in the Joint Declaration of 17 April 1973, the proposed
talks between India and Pakistan could be purposeful and lead
to quick results. In such an eventuality the representatives of
India and Pakistan could work out modalities for implementing
the solution of these problems.
After an exchange of correspondence, Pakistan finally agreed
to hold discussions with India within the framework of the
Joint Declaration. A delegation led by the Special Emissary of
the Prime Minister of India, Shri P. N. Haksar, visited Rawal-
pindi and Islamabad and held discussions with the Pakistan
Delegation led by Mr. Aziz Ahmed, Pakistan's Minister of State
for Defence and Foreign Affairs, from 24 to 31 July 1973.
During the course of these talks questions relating to simulta-
neous repatriation of the three categories of persons mentioned
in the Joint Indo-Bangladesh Declaration of 17 April 1973, were
discussed in full detail. The Pakistan side acknowledged the fact
that the Joint Indo-Bangladesh Declaration, was a step forward
and paved the way for an early resolution of the relevant issues.
Some progress was made in defining these issues and it was
agreed between the two Delegations that a point had been
reached where further consideration by both sides was necessary.
In pursuance of this decision, the discussions were resumed at
New Delhi from 18 August 1973 and continued till 28 August
1973. These discussions took place in consultation with the
Bangladesh Government.
As a result of these talks, an Agreement was signed on 28
August 1973, between the Government of India and Pakistan.
The Agreement envisaged the simultaneous repatriation of all
Pakistani prisoners of war (except the 195 prisoners required for
trials by Bangladesh), the repatriation to Bangladesh of all
Bengalees in Pakistan and initially a substantial number of
pg21>
Pakistanis now in Bangladesh to Pakistan. Regarding the 195
POWs, the Agreement provided that no trials shall be held
during the process of repatriation, that in the meantime they shall
remain in India and that tripartite discussions will be held for
reaching a settlement on this issue. It was further agreed that
discussions shall be held between Pakistan and Bangladesh to
decide what additional number of Pakistanis in Bangladesh may
be permitted to return to Pakistan. Bangladesh made it clear that
it will participate in such meetings only on the basis of sovereign
equality.
Pakistan had, in May 1973, before the signing of the Delhi
Agreement, sent an application to the International Court of
Justice to issue an interim injunction against the transfer of the
195 POWs required for trials in Bangladesh. India challenged
the jurisdiction of the Court to entertain Pakistan's application.
The court did not grant an interim injunction and in an order
issued on 13 July 1973, it ruled that it must first of all satisfy
itself that it had jurisdiction in the matter. In December 1973,
Pakistan Government decided to withdraw its application from
the International Court. India welcomed this move and expressed
the hope that Pakistan would now move forward to resolve the-
issue of the 195 prisoners of war in accordance with the Delhi
Agreement.
In May 1973, the Government of Pakistan requested the
ICAO Council to take up at its session in June 1973, Pakistan's
complaint against India's ban on over-light of Pakistani aircraft
over its territory. Subsequently it informed the President of the
Council to defer the consideration of the cases until either of
the parties requested it to do so. India sent a communication to
the Council stating that it had no objection to such deferment.
As the position stands today, the matter will not be taken up
by the ICAO Council unless either party requests it to do so.
The three-way process of repatriation under the Delhi
Agreement commenced on 19 September 1973 and by 18 February
pg22>
1974, a total of 217,681 persons had been repatriated to their res-
pective countries. Unfortunately, the rate at which the Pakistan
Government gave clearances for its nationals to be repatriated
from Bangladesh was rather slow and this had affected the overall.
process of repatriation. India, in consultation with Bangladesh
suggested to Pakistan, on 3 November that Pakistan should
speed up these clearances so that the overall pace of repatriation
could be enhanced in accordance with the principle of simulta-
neity contained in the Delhi Agreement.
Under the Delhi Agreement, the repatriation of Pakistani
POWs and civilian internees had been progressing satisfactorily.
It was, therefore, felt that India should reiterate her willingness
to enter into discussions with Pakistan in accordance with para 3
of the Simla Agreement for the implementation of normalisation
measures. The Minister of External Affairs, in a statement in the
Lok Sabha on 21 December reiterated India's willingness to start
these discussions at the earliest moment. He said that it would be
in the mutual interests of both Pakistan and India, and in the
interests of a large number of people in the two countries if
there was no further delay in this matter and therefore, agreements,
were worked out to resume communications. trade, travel and
cultural links between the two countries. This would give rise to
greater confidence and improve the atmosphere and thereby
facilitate the task of discussing more complicated issues. On 31
December 1973, this was formally conveyed to Pakistan through
an aide-memoire. Pakistan in its reply dated 19 January 1974,
came out with a very limited response which in actual effect had
very little practical utility. They suggested opening of discussions
only to resume postal, telegraphic, land and sea communications
while keeping out discussions for the resumption of air-links
including over-lights which were also included in Paragraph 3(1)
of the Simla Agreement.
It was, therefore, decided to send another message to Pakistan
on 24 January, in which it was emphasised that the main aim of
the two countries should be to restore travel between the two
pg23>
countries in order to alleviate the hardship of thousands of
people. In doing this it would be logical and in accordance
with Paragraph 3(i) and (ii) of the Simla Agreement if discussions
took place not only on resumption of postal, telegraphic, land
and sea communications but also included other items such as
aft links, over-flights and resumption of travel facilities.
In terms of the Simla Agreement, the final settlement of
the Kashmir issue has to be in the context of normalisation of
relations and establishment of durable peace with Pakistan. In
recent months. Pakistan has been more vocal about this issue.
In September 1973, the Prime Minister of Pakistan referred to
Kashmir during his statement in the United Nations General
Assembly. After the Pakistan Prime Minister's statement;
Minister of External Affairs, in his comments to the press in
New York, stated that there was little point in raising this issue
in the U.N. as both sides had agreed at Simla that this problem
would be discussed and settled bilaterally and peacefully.
The Prime Minister of Pakistan, during his visit to Pakistan
occupied Kashmir in November 1973, issued some statements
which were contrary to the provisions of the Simla Agreement.
particularly those regarding non-interference in each other's
internal affairs. This was brought to the notice of the Govern-
ment of Pakistan, making it clear that such statements by the
highest authority in Pakistan could only cause apprehensions in
India regarding Pakistan's intentions about the implementation
of the Simla Agreement. The Minister of External Affairs also
wrote to the Pakistan's Minister of State for Defence and Foreign
Affairs asking him to clarify Pakistan Government's position so
that we could understand where we stood in terms of the Simla
Agreement. In his reply, the Pakistan Minister of State tried
to explain that the speeches of the Prime Minister of Pakistan,
read as a whole, could not justify the kind of impression created
in India. He further stated that the Prime Minister of Pakistan
had been repeatedly advocating that war would not solve the
Kashmir issue and that three wars fought during the last 26
pg24>
years had left the issue unresolved. According to him, Pakistan
Government remained committed to promoting friendship and
harmonious relations with India and to implementing the Simla
Agreement in letter and spirit.
In a statement in Parliament on 6 December 1973, the
Minister of External Affairs while taking note of the clarification
given by Pakistan, expressed unhappiness over the statements of
the Prime Minister of Pakistan and hoped that Pakistan Govern-
ment would fulfil the assurance contained in its reply. He
reiterated that India's objective was to stabilise peace and to
reverse the trend of confrontation in its relations with Pakistan.
The Minister of External Affairs also explained in the Lok Sabha
that any move by Pakistan to change the status of Pakistan
occupied Kashmir would also be illegal as the whole of Jammu
and Kashmir became a part of the Indian Union as a result of
the State's accession in 1947.
Sri Lanka
In pursuance of her policy to have very close and friendly
relations with immediate neighbours, India made constant efforts
to resolve outstanding issues and develop co-operation with Sri
Lanka in the economic and other fields. The mutual desire for
further strengthening Indo-Sri Lanka relations was reflected in
the visits exchanged between the two countries.
At the invitation of Mrs. Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of
the Republic of Sri Lanka, the Prime Minister of India paid an
official visit to Sri Lanka from 27 to 29 April 1973. In the joint
communique issued at the end of the I visit both the Prime
Ministers expressed similar views on many international issues.
For speedy implementation of the 1964 Agreement, India agreed
to an annual progressive increase of 10% over the rate of
repatriation (35,000) contemplated in the 1964 Agreement. It
was also agreed that an early decision would be reached in
regard to the status and future of the remaining 150,000 persons
pg25>
of Indian origin in Sri Lanka, Kachchativu and related matters
such as the median line and fishing rights.
As a follow-up of the Prime Minister's visit to Sri Lanka in
April 1973, a Sri Lanka delegation consisting of Mr. W. T.
Jayasinghe, Secretary of Defence and External Affairs and
Mr. C. W. Pinto, Legal Adviser to the Ministry of External
Affairs of Sri Lanka, visited India from 9 to 13 June 1973. The
Sri Lanka delegation held talks in an atmosphere of mutual
understanding with senior Indian officials of the Ministry of
External Affairs on matters of interest to India and Sri Lanka.
A team of Indian officials led by the Foreign Secretary Shri
Kewal Singh, Visited Colombo from 15 to 18 October to discuss
various outstanding issues between India and Sri Lanka, including
economic co-operation.
Mr. Lakshman Jayakody, Deputy Minister for Defence and
External Affairs, Government of Sri Lanka, visited India from
20 to 26 November 1973. During his stay in New Delhi, he called
on the President, the Minister of-, External Affairs and the Minister
of Defence. A wide-range of subjects of mutual interest was
discussed in his meeting with Shri Surendra Pal Singh, Minister of
State in the Ministry of External Affairs.
The Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Mrs. Sirimavo R. D. Bandara-
naike, visited India from 22 to 29 January 1974, at the invitation
of the Prime Minister of India. In the discussions between the
two Prime Ministers, there was a close identity of views regard-
ing the recent international developments.
The two Prime Ministers also discussed bilateral issues. While
reviewing the economic and technical co-operation between the
two countries, they noted with satisfaction the progress in the
economic and technical co-operation between the two countries.
The Prime Ministers agreed that the implementation of the 1964
Agreement was proceeding satisfactorily. An Agreement was also
reached on the remaining 150.000 persons of Indian origin who
pg26>
were left over by the 1964 Agreement for a later decision. Sri
Lanka would confer citizenship on 75,000 of this number and
India would accept for repatriation 75,000. Thereafter, it was
observed with satisfaction that the two countries would have
finally settled the problem of all persons of Indian origin in
Sri Lanka.
The visit of Sri Lanka Prime Minister was a landmark in the
relation between the two countries and contributed to a further
strengthening of their warm and friendly relations.
INS Nilgiri visited Colombo from 21 to 25 July 1973. Indian
Naval Training Squadron consisting of INS Delhi, Krishna and
Cauvery also visited Colombo from 15 to 17 October 1973.
The Speaker of the National State Assembly of Sri Lanka
Mr. Stanley Tillekaratne, visited India from 20 November to 6
December 1973, at the invitation of the Speaker of the Lok
Sabha.
Sikkim
The Fifth General Elections of Sikkim in February-March
1973 were followed by widespread protests, the opposition parties
charging the Sikkim authorities with malpractices, corruption and
rigging of elections. Measures with which the authorities countered
these protests led to a further deterioration in the situation,
finally leading to a, complete breakdown of law and order
throughout the State.
The Chogyal found the situation out of his control and
requested the Government of India initially to take over
responsibility for law and order and subsequently for the
administration of Sikkim. The Joint Action Committee consisting
of Opposition parties which spearheaded the protests against the
Chogyal and his administration also made similar demands to
the Government of India. In response to these requests, on 6
April, the Government of India took over the responsibility for
pg27>
law and order in specified parts of Sikkim and on 8 April, further
responsibilities for the whole of Sikkim. Shri B. S. Das, was
appointed as Chief Administrator and other measures were taken
to restore law and order and strengthen the administration. With
these measures confidence was restored and the situation soon
returned to normal.
On 8 May 1973, after intensive consultations between the
leaders of various political parties, the Chogyal and the
Government of India, a Tripartite Agreement was signed. The
Agreement assured the people of Sikkim basic human rights and
fundamental freedoms, and provided for a new Assembly to be
elected by the people of Sikkim on the basis of the principle of
"one man one vote", care being taken to ensure that no single
section acquires a dominant position due mainly to its ethnic
origin. The Sikkim Administration is now headed by, a Chief
Executive who is appointed by the Chogyal on nomination by
the Government of India. Under the Agreement the Chief
Executive has been assured of all the powers necessary for the
discharge of his functions and responsibilities.
The leaders of the political parties, by signing the Agreement
as representatives of the people of Sikkim, have for the first time
in the history of Sikkim made the people a party to such a,
constitutional document which is so vital to their political, social
and economic well-being and uplift. The Agreement is thus a
great landmark in the annals of the development of democratic
institutions in Sikkim.
Efforts to evolve a formula acceptable to all the parties in
Sikkim for holding fresh general elections to the Assembly envi-
saged under 8 May 1973 Agreement were continued. The
Foreign Secretary and the Chief Election Commissioner paid
visits to the Sikkimese capital and held consultations with the
Chogyal and the leaders of the political parties. The three private
visits of the Chogyal to Delhi provided opportunities for further
consultations. As a result of discussions held at various levels and
pg28>
with all the, parties involved, a formula to serve as a basis for the
elections to the Assembly has been worked out. The Proposed
Assembly would have a strength of 32 members out of which 15
each are to represent the Bhutia-Lepcha and the Nepalese com-
munities. Of the remaining two, one has been set aside for the
Scheduled Castes and the other for a representative of the monas-
teries. The constituencies have been delimited. The elections for
which fresh electoral rolls have been prepared under the auspices
of the Chief Election Commission of India are scheduled to be
held on 15 April, 1974 and the results of the poll would be
announced on 19 April 1974, The voting in the election would be
on the basis of one man one vote. By giving equal representation
to the two principal communities in Sikkim, it has been ensured
that no community would dominate over the other.
The Chogyal's private visit to New Delhi from 16 to 20
September 1973, offered an opportunity for discussions between
him and representatives of the Government of India on matters
of mutual interest. Speaking at a Press Conference in New Delhi
on 19 September the Chogyal described his talks with the Prime
Minister on the situation in Sikkim and the future political set-up
of the State as "free, frank, honest and fruitful".
Many measures for the welfare of the people have been
undertaken since May 1973, in continuation of the policy of
co-operation and involvement in the efforts to raise living standards
and extend social benefits which the Government of India have
consistently followed in Sikkim. Text books at subsidised rates
have, been distributed to school children and schools are being
provided sports and recreational facilities. Special arrangements
were made to supply medicines to the Government of Sikkim to,
equip various hospitals in the State which were short of medicines.
Mobile Medical Units provided much-needed medical relief in
remote areas and now arrangements are being made to get mobile
dispensaries so that people all over the State continue to get
medical attention. India has announced a grant of Rs. 10 lakhs
to the Sikkim Durbar to meet the initial cost of clearing roads
pg29>
blocked during the recent floods and also to subsidise the cost
of transport of essential commodities to the flood-affected areas.
Sikkim's Fourth Five Year Plan (1971-76) contemplates an
outlay of Rs. 20 crores, of which Government of India's
contribution would be Rs. 18.5 crores, entirely by way of grants.
In 1971-72, a sum of Rs. 2.20 crores and in 1972-73, a sum of
nearly Rs., 3 crores were given to Sikkim for the implementation
of its Annual Plans. For the year 1973-74, a sum of Rs. 5.9 crores.
has been earmarked. Work commenced last year on Rs. 5.93
crores Lagyap Project which on completion will generate 6000 KW
of electricity.
pg30>
|
South East Asia |
Top |
CHAPTER II
SOUTH EAST ASIA
India's friendly relations with the countries in South East Asia,
Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines,
were further strengthened by exchange of visits and mutual col-
laboration in the political, cultural, educational and commercial
fields. Promotion of joint ventures and various other projects of
economic co-operation have also been making significant progress.
Indonesia
The 4th round of bilateral talks at official and Ministerial
level between India and Indonesia was held in New Delhi from
Mar 30, 1973 to 3 April 1973. During the Ministerial level talks, the
Indonesian Delegation was led by Dr. Adam Malik, Foreign
Minister of Indonesia. During the talks, bilateral relations and
recent international developments were discussed. The discus-
sions revealed similarity in the position of both Governments on
various issues. The two sides reviewed important developments
that had taken place in the international situation, particularly
in Asia, since their last meeting in Jackstraw in August, 1971.
The Minister of External Affairs of India welcomed the progress
achieved by the countries of ASEAN and reiterated the support
of the Government of India for the Kuala Lumpur Declaration
pg31>
calling for a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality in South-
East Asia. The Foreign Ministers also discussed various ideas
regarding wider regional co-operation in Asia. They reaffirmed
that the elimination of Great Power tension and rivalry from the
Indian Ocean would contribute greatly to peace and stability in
the region and felt that India and Indonesia should have more
frequent exchange of views on this subject and co-operate closely
in the U.N. Ad hoc Committee. Regarding the situation in the
sub-continent the two Foreign Ministers agreed that recognition
and acceptance of existing realities in the sub-continent was ne-
cessary for furthering the process of normalisation of a durable
peace among the countries concerned.
In the field of economic and technical co-operation between
India and Indonesia there has been satisfactory progress. Four
new India-Indonesia joint ventures have already been approved.
India participated in the Djakarta Fair 1973, from 16 to 28
June 1973, and a 3-member team of National Electronic and
Electrical Institute, Bandung (Indonesia), visited Pilani Central
Electronics Engineering Research Institute and the Research Sur-
vey and Planning Organisation of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research.
During its visit to Indonesia from 7 to 15 June 1973, INS
Nilgiri held joint exercises with Indonesian naval ship Lambung
Mang Kurat while on its way from Djakarta to Bali INC
Nilgiri also visited Bangkok, Singapore and Colombo in June/
July 1973.
General G. G. Bewoor, Chief of the Army Staff, accompanied
by Mrs. Bewoor. visited Indonesia from 30 October to 5 Novem-
ber 1973.
Malaysia
Important visitors from Malaysia during the years were:--
(i) Tan Siew Sin, Finance Minister,
pg32>
(ii) Mr. Mohammed Ghazali Bin Shafie, Minister for Infor-
mation & Special Function; and,
(iii) Tan Sri Lee Siok Yew, Health Minister.
The Vice-Chief of Army Staff, Lt. Gen. Har Prasad, paid
a visit to Malaysia during April 1973.
An Indian football team participated in the Merdeka Foot-
ball Tournament held at Kuala Lumpur in July/August 1973,
and an Army Polo Team visited Malaysia from 2 to 25 Novem-
ber 1973. India also participated in the Quran Reading Competi-
tion held in Malaysia from 15 to 16 October 1973.
In the field of economic co-operation, with the approval of
new proposals for Indo-Malaysian joint ventures the total num-
ber of joint ventures under implementation/production has reach-
ed 26.
Singapore
From Singapore the important visitors were: Inche Othman
bin Wok, Minister of Social Affairs, and Mr. Chua Sian Shin,
Minister for Health and Home Affairs, who visited Bombay on 27
January and 2 May 1973, respectively.
A wholly Indian Trade Exhibition was held in June-July in
Singapore. It helped appreciably to promote trade between India
and Singapore. Indian sports teams-karate, badminton and
golf-visited Singapore during the period.
Thailand
As a result of wide-spread agitation and violence, the Govern-
ment of Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn resigned on 14
October 1973, and the King appointed Mr. Sanya Dharamasakti,
Prime Minister.
pg33>
For the promotion of cultural ties between India and Thai-
land a number of programmes were organised in Thailand.
More important of these in 1973 were: (i) a photographic ex-.
hibition depicting religious, economic and cultural life of India;.
(ii) a film show of Satyajit Ray's award-winning film "Charulata";
and (iii) a Bharat Natyam dance performance by Miss Meenakshi
Sabanayagam.
Two baby camels were presented to the Chiang Mai Zoo, a
pair of spotted deer to the Khon Kaen University and Bodhi tree-
saplings to the World Fellowship of Buddhists and the Supreme
Patriarch of Thailand. Professor Pisit Choroon Wongsa of the
Silpakorn University and Mr. Wikon Suthiragsa, Curator, Fine
Arts; Department, visited India and, in turn, Professor Sisir
Kumar Ghosh of the Vishwa Bharati University, Shantiniketan,
visited Chulalongkorn and other Universities for lectures and
meetings.
New Zealand
At the invitation of the Government of New Zealand, Prof.
Sher Singh, the then Minister of State for Agriculture, visited
New Zealand in May 1973. During his discussions with the
authorities, of the New Zealand Government, possibilities of fur-
ther co-operation in the fields of animal husbandry and pasture
and fodder development were discussed.
India participated in the New Zealand International Fair held
at Auckland in August 1973. A direct shipping service between
India and New Zealand has been introduced since the beginning,
of the year.
The Prime Minister of New Zealand, Rt. Hon'ble Norman,
N. S. Kirk, visited India from 27 December 1973 to 1 January
1974. The visit was a landmark in the friendly rfelations already
existing between the two countries and opened avenues of
pg34>
further co-operation. The New Zealand Prime Minister called on
the President and held talks with the Prime Minister. The-
Minister of External Affairs, the Minister of Agriculture and the
Minister of Planning called on him for talks.
The Prime Minister of New Zealand welcomed the role of
India in international affairs and reaffirmed his support for the
concept of Indian Ocean as a 'Zone of Peace' free from power
rivalry, tensions and military escalation. The New Zealand Prime
Minister expressed his understanding and appreciation of the
initiatives taken by India for normalisation and the establishment
of durable peace in the sub-continent. It was also agreed that
(a) trade delegations will be exchanged in order to expand
mutual trade (b) the possibility of an Indo-New Zealand joint
venture in paper manufacture should be further explored and
(c) agricultural experts of both countries should discuss the
setting up of demonstration farms for experimental research of
a practical nature. The New Zealand Prime Minister conveyed
his Government's intention to continue Commonwealth tariff
preferences in respect of India.
Australia
At the invitation of the Prime Minister of India, the Prime
Minister of Australia, the Hon'ble Mr. Edward Gough Whitlam,
Q.C., M.P., visited India from 3 to 6 June 1973. The discussions
between the Prime Ministers of India and Australia covered a
wide-range of important international questions and bilateral
relations. These discussions revealed a close similarity of views
and approach between the two Governments.
At the invitation of the Government of Australia, Prof. Sher
Singh, the then Minister of State for Agriculture, Government of
India visited Austarlia in May 1973.
Under the sponsorship of the Indian Council for Cultural
Relations, a 30-member Australian Ballet Troupe, visited India
in July 1973 and gave two performances.
pg35>
Four eminent agricultural scientists from Australia came to
India in December 1973 and visited Indian Agricultural and
Animal Husbandry Projects and discussed matters of mutual
interest with Indian officials.
An Australian Parliamentary Goodwill Delegation led by
Mr. Les Johnson, M.P., Minister for Housing and Construction,
visited India from 12 to 17 January, 1974 as guests of the Lok
Sabha.
At the Indo-Australian bi-lateral talks, held in Canberra in
February 1974, there was, inter alia. identity of views on keeping
the Indian Ocean free from power rivalry and tension and increas-
ing the scope for further expansion of trade.
Fiji
Relations between India and Fiji continued to be very friendly.
An Air Services Agreement between India and Fiji was initialled
at Suva in September 1973. Subject to the approval of the two
Governments, the Agreement will be signed at an early date.
A replica of an Indian soldier was presented to the Fiji
Minister for Communications and Works in August 1973, as a
gift from the Chief of Staff of the Indian Army to the Royal Fiji
Military Forces.
Visits to India by the following important personalities from
Fiji, show the growth of mutual relations: (i) Mr. J. B. Naisara,
Minister for Education, Youth and Sport (2) Mr. Sakiasi Waqani-
vavalagi, Assistant Minister, Rehabilitation, Development, Hous-
ing and Social Welfare, (3) Mr. S. M. Koya, Leader of the Opposi-
tion in the Fiji House of Representatives, (4) Mr. Apesai Tera,
Member of the Fiji House Representatives and President of the
Fiji Council of Trade Unions, (5) Mrs. Irene Jai Narayan, Member
pg36>
of the Fiji House of Representatives, (6) Mr. Justice Mod Tikaram.
Ombudsman of Fiji.
Under the ITEC programme, the service of two experts from
India were made available to the Government of Fiji-(1) Dr.
M. K. Kamath, an Entomologist, who has been attached to the
Koronivia Agricultural Research Station near Suva and (2) Shri
B. S. Verma of the U.P. Government Roadways Corporation was
deputed to head the Rewa, Provincial Development Company
Limited.
An Exhibition of Hindi Books was held in Suva and Nadi, in
April 1973, under the auspices of the Central Hindi Directorate
of the Government of India.
Fiji's first Flour Mill, which is India's first joint venture with
Fiji, was opened by H.E. Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, the Prime
Minister of Fiji on 10 September 1973.
Tonga
Medicines and clothing worth Rs. 10,000/- were presented to
the Government of Tonga in May 1973, as Government of India's
contribution towards relief of cyclone victims. A Tonga-India
Friendship Week was celebrated in Tonga in March 1973. A
photographic exhibition depicting 25 years of Indian Indepen-
dence was inaugurated by Her Majesty the Queen of Tonga. The
special attractions of the week were a dolls exhibition and two
performances of Indian dances and music.
Western Samoa
Mr. Falesa S. Saili, Finance Minister of Western Samoa,
visited India from 30 September to 3 October 1973, as a guest of
the Government of India. He was accompanied by the Finance
Secretary and the Manager of the Bank of Western Samoa.
pg37>
|
East Asia |
Top |
CHAPTER III
EAST ASIA
China
There was no significant change in India's relations with China-
While India continued to seek normalisation of relations, there
was little response from China.
China's anti-Indian propaganda continued apace. Through
public statements and publicity media, the Chinese sought to give
a wrong impression of our relationship with our neighbouring
countries like Nepal and the Soviet Union.
The Chinese also made representations about Dalai Lama's
visit to Europe in 1973, on the ground that the visit was meant to-
expand "the scope of anti-China activities". The Government of
India had pointed out to the Chinese that the visit was a purely
personal one, with no political implications. And this was more
than borne out by the facts of the visit.
Despite this lack of positive response, India continued to adopt
an attitude of friendship and restraint. In April 1973, India
waived visa requirements for Chinese passengers in direct transit
pg38>
through India (with permission to stop for a period of 24 hours).
India also brought the propaganda war on the border to an end
by stopping the radio broadcasts at the border passes of Nathu.
La, Jelep, La and Cho La in February-March 1973.
Japan
The year was marked by growing all-sided contacts between
India and Japan.
The 8th Indo-Japan bilateral talks between the Foreign Offices
of India and Japan took place in Tokyo on May 16, 1973 and 17 May 1973.
Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri V. C. Trivedi,
led the Indian side, while Vice-Foreign Minister Hogan led the
Japanese side.
The prestigious Indo-Japan Committee for Studies of Economic
Development in India and Japan, held a joint meeting in Tokyo
from 4 to 6 June 1973.
The 6th joint meeting of the Business Co-operation Committees
of India and Japan was held in Kyoto from 25 to 27 September
1973. The Indian side was led by Shri Charat Ram, while Dr. S.,
Nagano led the Japanese delegation. For the first time specific
fields of proposed economic collaboration were identified and it
was decided to set up a Standing Committee to go into the
matter.
Mr. N. Kishi, former Prime Minister of Japan, visited India
as a leader of 30-member group under the auspices of U.N. Family
Planning Association (13 to 17 October 1973). Two groups of
Japanese Parliamentarians also visited India in the months of
October and November.
Indo-Japanese Mixed Commission on Cultural Relations held
its 3rd meeting in Delhi on 23 October 1973. The Japanese side
was led by Mr. S. Hod, Director-General, Cultural Affairs,
pg39>
Division of the Japanese Foreign Office. Proposals for cultural
exchanges in 1973-74 were finalised.
At the end of the year, the Japanese Government also signified
its willingness to offer aid to set up 3 fertiliser plants in India
during the 5th Five-Year Plan.
Republic of Korea
Relations with the Republic of Korea continued to grow closer
a large number of visits of important dignitaries were
exchanged.
An Indian Parliamentary delegation led by the Speaker Dr.
G. S. Dhillon, visited ROK from 25 to 30 June 1973.
Mr. Kyu Hah Choi, Special Assistant for Foreign Affairs to
the ROK President, visited India from 26 to 29 August 1973, as a
Special Envoy of the President. The Chairman of the Atomic
Research Institute of the ROK visited India on 10 and 11 October
1973. A three-member Judiciary team also visited New Delhi
from 25 to 27 September 1973.
The Speaker of the National Assembly of ROK, Mr. Il-Kwon
Chung, visited New Delhi at the head of a 9-member Parliamen-
tary delegation from 20 to 25 December 1973. During their stay
they called on the President, Vice-President Prime Minister, the,
Minister of External Affairs and the Minister for Parliamentary
Affairs.
The relationship between the two countries marked a notable
mile-stone when India and ROK decided to establish diplomatic
relations at the Embassy level in each other's capital as of 10
December 1973.
In the field of trade there was a steady improvement over
1971-72, with the two-way trade reaching Rs. 8.25 crores.
pg40>
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
India's relations with DPRK continued to remain friendly. A
DPRK Government delegation led by Mr. Kim Gwan Sop visited
India from 17 to 22 March. The delegation called on the Presi-
dent, Vice-President, Prime Minister and the Minister of External
Affairs and held wide-ranging talks with the Indian side led by
the Minister of State Shri Surendra Pal Singh. The DPRK dele-
gation explained their country's position on the question of re-
unification of Korea.
The Indian delegation welcomed the moves taken by the two
Governments of Korea for starting a direct dialogue with a view
to settling their differences and working for peaceful re-unification,
of the country without any external interference.
An Indian Trade delegation visited Korea in April 1973. The
delegation concluded a new Trade Arrangement with DPRK.
A trade delegation from DPRK led by the Deputy Minister for
Foreign Trade, Mr. Kim Sok Jin visited India in February, 1974
and the first Indo-DPRK trade agreement was signed in Delhi on
18 February 1974.
The Governments of India and the DPRK decided to establish
diplomatic relations at the Embassy level in each other's capital
as of 10 December 1973.
Mongolia
As a result of the visit to India of the Prime Minister of
Mongolia, Mr. Yu. Tsedenbal, in February 1973, specific,
measures are being taken to promote greater economic and
cultural co-operation between the two countries. An Indian film
festival was held in Mongolia in September 1973.
An Indian Trade delegation visited Ulan Bator in April 1973,
to work out details of the Trade Plan. Mongolia has shown
pg41>
interest in buying Rayon Brocade, snuff and other items from
India.
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
India's friendly bilateral relations with the DRVN continued
to register a steady growth during the period under review. In
pursuance of Government's declared policy of making its contri-
bution to the economic rehabilitation of the DRVN, a number of
concrete measures were initiated. The DRVN Government is
particularly keen on co-operation in the agricultural field and a
team of Indian Agricultural Experts visited the DRVN in October-
November 1973, in order to make an on-the-spot study of the
requirements and to identify the specific areas where Indian assis-
tance could be made available. A number of steps like the supply
of certain vaccines and seeds are already in the process of im-
plementation. The various other proposals suggested by the
DRVN Government are also under active study.
Earlier, Government had also acceded to the DRVN request
for providing special facilities to their students in India for the
study of English. A group of 15 DRVN students arrived in India
in August 1973 and are now undergoing a special course in the
English language at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
Republic of Vietnam
Bilateral relations with the Republic of Vietnam suffered a set-
back during 1971-72. However, in 1973, the Government of the
Republic of Vietnam signified its interest in normalising relations
with India and sent a delegation to India in August 1973, led by
Senator Tran. Quang Thuan.
Laos
The signing of the Peace Agreement in Vientiane on 21
February 1973, was followed by a Protocol signed by the two
pg42>
Laotian parties in Vientiane, on 14 September 1973. The February
Agreement had declared among other, things, that the Inter-
national Commission for Control and Supervision in Laos, with
India as its Chairman, will continue to function and the Septem-
ber 14 Protocol spelt out the functions of the Control Commission
basically in conformity with the Geneva Agreement of 1962.
India on her part welcomed these Agreements between the two
Laotian sides and assured all concerned of her full co-operation
in the task entrusted to it under the Geneva Agreement. The
Central Joint Commission has already been formed and an agree-
ment on the Mixed Police Force and the Administration of the
two Capitals was signed on 6 February 1974 and the Provisional
Government of National Union was expected to be formed shortly.
It was India's hope that this would happen soon and the provi-
sions of the Peace Agreement would be speedily implemented.
India continued to take keen interest in the economic develop-
ment of Laos. She extended assistance to Laos under the Colombo
Plan and the Indian Technical and Economic Co-operation
Programme. Among the items of such assistance were the feasi-
bility study by Water and Power Consultancy Services (India)
Ltd., for the Ban Mark Nao Lift Irrigation Project; a feasibility
study for the setting up of a Small Scale Industrial Estate;
equipment for two Sediment Testing Laboratories, the deputation
of a foretry expert and a Bridge Engineer. Two Laotian Forestry
officials came to India on a study tour. India made provision for
training of two forestry trainees. She would also contribute
As. 11 lakhs in the second phase of the Nam Ngum Hydro
Electric Project in Laos. The Indian contribution would be in
the form of supplies of machinery and equipment required for
the project. Three gift consignments of vegetable seeds were sent
to Laos in 1973.
Cambodia
The situation in Cambodia remained fluid with fighting in
progress in many parts of the country. India's policy continued
pg43>
to be one of non-interference in the internal affairs of Cambodia
and affirmation of the belief that any final settlement will have to
be arrived at by the Cambodian peoples themselves without any
outside interference. However, in view of the war situation, India
was forced to cut down the size of its Embassy personnel in
Phnom Penh. They were finally totally withdrawn in March
1974. India continued to maintain contacts with Prince Sihanouk
and the Prime Minister met the Prince at Algiers during the
Non-aligned Summit Conference in September 1973.
pg44> |
West Asia And North Africa |
Top |
CHAPTER IV
WEST ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA
India's bilateral relations with the countries of the area conti-
nued to be friendly. The Indian Minister of External Affairs
visited Syria and Iraq in May 1973 and Iran in July 1973 and
February 1974, while the Iranian Foreign Minister came to India
in December 1973. During the year resident Ambassadors took
over charge at Muscat, Abu Dhabi, Bahrain and Qatar. Economic
and technical co-operation have also increased with countries in
this region, especially with Iran. India has been assured of un-
diminished supplies of oil by the concerned oil-producing count-
ries.
Fierce fighting erupted in West Asia on Oct 06, 1973,
between Israel on the one hand and Egypt and Syria on the other.
Within a few days, a number of other Arab countries also joined
the fighting while others gave material and financial help. When
the war broke out on 6 October 1973, the Government of India,
consistent with their stand in the past, pointed out that Israeli
intransigence was clearly the basic cause leading to the outbreak
of hostilities and stated that India's sympathies were entirely with
the Arabs.
India was active in the Security Council when the matter came
up there. India gave support to the Security Council Resolution
pg45>
No. 338 of 22 October 1973, calling for an immediate cessation of
fighting and for a start to the implementation of Security Council
Resolution No. 242 and deciding that negotiations start between
the parties concerned to establish a just and durable peace. This
Resolution was accepted by all the parties directly involved,
including Israel, but the latter continued to make territorial gains
even after the cease-fire. By two further Resolutions No. 339 of
23 October and 340 of 25 October 1973, the Security Council
called for withdrawal of both parties to the cease-fire line of 22
October and set up a U.N. Emergency Force for the area.
The recent fighting has once again demonstrated that Israel
can gain security only through the acceptance and implementation
of the principles of international behaviour and by heeding world
opinion and not by acquisition of territory or by having its
frontiers along any particular lines. The Government of India
feel that Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 should be,
fully implemented. Israel has been resisting various suggestions,
for taking concrete steps which could be considered to be even
a partial fulfilment of the two basic principles on which a settle-
ment has to be based, namely, the withdrawal of Israel from all
territories occupied since 5 June 1967 and the restoration of the
rights of the Palestinians. India welcomes all moves which could
lead to a just peace based on these principles.
While the fighting was going on, India sent medicines and
medical equipment to both Egypt and Syria. In addition, she sent
a medical team to Syria. After the war, was over, the Government
of India have gifted tents to Syria for the use of some of the
people whose houses had been destroyed during the war. Mone-
tary and material help to Egypt and Syria have been rendered
also by some citizens' groups and private individuals.
A Peace Conference convened in Geneva on 21 December
1973, attended by Egypt, Jordan, Israel, U.S.A. and the Soviet
Union and presided over by the U.N. Secretary-General. The Syrian
pg46>
Arab Republic, though invited, did not attend. The Conference
adjourned on 22 December but meetings of the military working
group comprising of representatives of the U.N., Egypt and Israel
continued to take place. An agreement on military disengagement
between Egypt and Israel was signed on 18 January 1974, and
withdrawals have been taking place according to its terms.
The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Mr. Anwar el-
Sadat, visited India from 24 to 25 February, 1974, and had wide-
ranging discussions with Indian leaders on all matters of mutual
interest.
Cooperation with Iraq in all fields continued to grow apace.
From 1ndia the Minister of External Affairs, the Minister of
Petroleum and Chemicals and the Miniser of Planning visited
Iraq. The Iraqi Minister of Higher Education paid a visit to India.
A cultural agreement has been signed between the two countries.
Relations with Iran also continued to grow stronger. Her
Imperial Highness Princess Ashraf Pahlavi visited India from 26
August to 9 September 1973. Sardar Swaran Singh visited Iran
in July, 1973. Mr. Abbas Ali Khalatbary, Iranian Foreign Minis-
ter, visited India from 10 to 16 December, 1973. Discussions in
depth relating to all aspects of relations between Iran and India
were held during these two visits. A meeting of the Joint Com-
mission of the two countries was held in New Delhi from 14 to
16 January 1974 and continued in Tehran on 20 and 21 February
1974. Important decisions have been taken at this meeting and
India looks forward to mutually beneficial cooperation with Iran.
pg47> |
Africa |
Top |
CHAPTER V
AFRICA
(South of the Sahara)
India's relations with African countries continued to reflect a
deep and abiding interest in political and economic development
of independent African countries and achievement of freedom
and independence by Africans in areas still under colonial and
racist exploitation. India responded to increasing demand for
Indian expertise and technical know-how from independent
African countries to the maximum extent within her resources.
Similarly, increasing numbers of African trainees were received
in India to share our experience in different fields of socio-
economic development. India resorted to simplification of proce-
dures for selection of candidates at short notice while ensuring
that the candidates selected were highly qualified for the jobs.
India responded positively to Zambia's request for economic
assistance when the borders between Zambia and Rhodesia had
to be closed due to aggressive and provocative actions of Rho-
desia. India expressed her readiness to offer Indian capital goods
and equipment needed by Zambia on especially soft terms, and
agreed to provide services of Indian experts and technicians from
pg48>
her contributions to the Commonwealth Technical Assistance Fund
as well as under her Technical and Economic Co-operation pro-
grammes. As a token of her concern for the difficulties faced by
Zambia in obtaining essential supplies, India donated drugs and
medicines valued at Rs. 3.75 lakhs on an immediate basis. On
the political plane she extended complete support to Zambia in
the United Nations Security Council as well as outside in solving.
the problem of developing alternative import-export routes due to
the closure of its borders with Rhodesia. India also expressed her
appreciation for Zambia's restraint in face of provocation by
Rhodesia.
The problem of compensation for assets left behind by several
thousands of Indians expelled from Uganda in the latter half of
1972, engaged India's utmost attention, but unfortunately there
was no progress since no positive steps were taken by the
Government of Uganda for payment of compensation for assets
left behind. In spite of India's appeals to the Government of
Uganda for humane treatment and fair and equitable compensa-
tion to Indian nationals for properties and assets left behind,
there was no favourable response apart from some general
assurances against confiscation. President Idi Amin met the Prime
Minister of India at Algiers during the Conference of Non-aligned
countries held there in September 1973 and reiterated his Govern-
ment's commitment to pay compensation to Indian nationals on
the basis of the declaration of assets left behind. He also said that
he would invite a delegation from India to discuss matters relating
to compensation. The Prime Minister conveyed the deep concern
of the Government of India at the great hardships imposed on
the expellees and the serious humanitarian aspects of the problem.
Full co-operation of the Government of India was offered to the
Committee appointed in Uganda in its work of evaluation of
assets of expellees. So far, India has received no invitation from
Uganda as indicated by President Amin for a delegation to go
there to discuss matters connected with compensation for assets
left behind.
pg49>
The Government of India announced assistance to the Indian
expellees from Uganda in their rehabilitation and resettlement in
India. The Government of India also remained in touch with the
Government of U.K. with a view to helping families expelled
from Uganda, which had been split, to get united in the U.K.
on humanitarian grounds. The Government continued to hold
the view that Asians who hold British passports are the responsi-
bility of, the U.K. and that they should be allowed unrestricted
and immediate entry into the U.K. While the events in Uganda
naturally created a sense of uncertainty and nervousness among
Indians and persons of Indian origin in other African countries,
there has been no large scale exodus of such persons from African
countries. The Government of India remain in touch with the
African countries concerned in this matter and take the view
that non-citizens who have lived in those countries for genera-
tions be treated in a fair and equitable manner without discrimi-
nation on the basis of race or colour. In case their business and
property are taken over, they should be paid adequate compen-
sation to enable them to rehabilitate themselves elsewhere.
India hailed the declaration of independence by Guinea-Bissau
and accorded recognition to the Pew State on Oct 07, 1973.
India has expressed her willingness to extend assistance to the
new Republic for training the administrative cadres for its
Government.
In pursuit of her policy to extend full political, moral and
material support for the liberation movements in Portuguese
colonies in Africa as well as those in white minority regimes in
South Africa, the Prime Minister of India met the leaders of the
liberation movements in Algiers during the Fourth Non-aligned
Summit Meeting there. Some of these leaders visited India and
briefed the Government of India on the developing situation
there.
The Organisation for African Unity celebrated the tenth year
of its existence. To mark the occasion, the Education Ministry
pg50>
announced a scholarship named after late Dr. Amilcar Cabral
for African nationals associated with liberation movements in
Africa for study and training in India.
India condemned the large-scale massacre of innocent African
men, women and children by the Portuguese colonial authorities
in Mozambique. India expressed the confidence that no amount
of brutality and inhumanity could succeed in keeping Mozam-
bique and other Portuguese colonial territories in bondage and
that the liberation struggle in these territories would redouble
themselves so as to overthrow the Portuguese domination.
The Rhodesian and South African Governments continued to
flout the United Nations and the international public opinion in
maintaining and strengthening white minority rules. India
appealed in the United Nations and other forums that all powers
they should co-operate in enforcing effective sanctions
against Rhodesia and South Africa. India supported the resolution
in the United Nations that South Africa had no locus standi in
Namibia and as the talks that the U.N. Secretary-General's
representative had been conducting with South Africa had failed,
they should be discontinued.
During the year several leading personalities from African
countries visited India. These included Mr. S. Boolell, Minister
of Agriculture and National Resource and Mr. Gaetan Duval,
Foreign Minister, from Mauritius, Dr. Okoi Arikpo, Foreign
Minister of Nigeria, Mr. Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Foreign Minister of
Zaire, Mr. Mohd. Lamine Toure, Minister of Mines and Geology
of Guinea, Chief Adam Sapi Nkwawa, Minister in the Office
of President of Tanzania, and Mr. Jacques Adande, Special
Envoy of the Dahomean Head of State.
The Vice-President of India, Shri G. S. Pathak, visited Tan-
zania at the invitation of the first Vice-President of Tanzania,
Mr. Aboud Jumbe and participated in the celebrations marking
the 10th Anniversary of the Revolution in Zanzibar.
pg51>
Among other Indian visitors to Africa were Shri Y. B. Chavan,
Minister of Finance, who visited Kenya to participate in the
IBRD/IMF meetings, Dr. Nurul Hasan, Minister of Education,
and Shri A. C. George, Deputy Minister of Commerce. Matters
of mutual interest were discussed during these visits and India
reiterated her continuing support and co-operation in the develop-
ment of countries in Africa.
pg52> |
Europe |
Top |
CHAPTER VI
EUROPE
Western Europe
An important evolution in Western Europe is the slow but
sure movement towards greater foreign policy co-ordination in
the European Community. This evolution is coming about as
much from internal dynamism as from external compulsions.
The United States handling of the Middle East crisis and the
cease-fire, Dr. Kissinger's criticism of European policies during
and after the crisis and the Arab use of oil as a political weapon
were some of the external factors which led the member States
of the European Community to take joint decisions. It is true that
the pro-.Arab declaration of the Nine does not mean that there
are no differences among them. Nevertheless it is a constructive
move and also indicates that the trend towards foreign policy
co-ordination is gaining strength.
An important element in the process of European detente,
viz., the European Security Conference, has moved forward from
the Helsinki first stage to the Geneva second stage. The Euro-
pean Security Conference has come a, long way since the
Bucharest Declarations of July 1966. It is hoped that the
deliberations now in progress in Geneva would meet with the
pg53>
success attained in Helsinki. These efforts towards peace and
reconciliation in Europe are specially welcome to India as they
are in accord with India's policies of peaceful co-existence and
international co-operation. There is indeed greater confidence
today in building a system of lasting peace on the European-
continent which has witnessed two world wars in this century.
Related to the Conference on European Security are the
consultations now on in Vienna for the reduction of forces and
armaments in Central Europe. 19 countries are participating:
12 from NATO and 7 from the Warsaw Pact. Their declared
objective is to reach agreement on measures that will contri-
bute to a more stable mutual relationship and to strengthening
of peace and security in Europe. It is agreed that any particular
measure taken in this context will not prejudice the security of
either side in any way. The nature of the talks thus makes pro-
gress in them inevitably slow.
Bilateral contacts and consultations at all levels continued
to be an important feature of India's relations with countries
in Western Europe. These led to better mutual appreciation and
understanding. Despite considerable Pakistani propaganda on the
question of POWs, West European Governments saw the issue
in the perspective of relations among the three countries of the
sub-continent and the need for an overall settlement of the
problems created by the war of December 1971. There was
sympathy and support for India's earnest efforts to seek a
modus vivendi with Pakistan for normalisation of relations
among the countries of the sub-continent. In this context, wel-
come was accorded by West European nations to the Joint
Indo-Bangladesh Declaration of April 1973 and to the subse-
quent Indo-Pakistan Agreement of Aug 28, 1973.
The United Kingdom
Relations with the United Kingdom remained close and
friendly and contacts at the highest level continued to be main-
tained. The Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, on her way
pg54>
back from an official visit to Canada, made a stopover in
London on 25 June 1973. She held discussions with Prime
Minister Edward Heath and senior Ministers of the British
Government. Later in the year, the annual bilateral consultations
at the official level were held in London from 20 to 23
November 1973. The Indian delegation was led by the Secre-
tary in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri V. C. Trivedi and
the U.K. delegation by its Permanent Under Secretary in the
Foreign Office. These talks covered a review of the interna-
tional scene, developments in the sub-continent and bilateral
relations in all fields. The frank and friendly talks should help
remove some of the existing irritants in Indo-British relations,
particularly in regard to immigration and visitors entry into
Britain. The British have agreed to look into their current pro-
cedures for the grant of entry certificates with a view to
rationalising them. They showed great understanding for India's
economic problems, particularly in regard to her trade with the
EEC and evinced interest in increasing Indo-British economic
collaboration in economic and other fields.
A delegation led by Mr. David Lane, Parliamentary Under
Secretary of State at the U.K. Home Office visited India from 12
to 16 January 1974. He was accompanied by, among others, the
Chief Inspector of Immigration. The purpose of the visit was to
see the working of the immigration control system in the British
High Commission as well as to discuss with authorities in India
questions relating to immigration into the U.K. The problem of
illegal entry into Britain was also discussed with the delegation.
The need to eliminate harassment to casual visitors from India
and unnecessary delays in the issue of entry certificates as well
as the question of distressed and divided families, including those
from East Africa, were also taken up with the delegation.
Federal Republic of Germany
Relations between India and the Federal Republic of
Germany continued to develop satisfactorily in the political,
pg55>
economic and cultural fields. These were reviewed at the annual
bilateral consultations held in Bonn on 22 and 23 May 1973.
The Indian delegation was led by Secretary in the Ministry of
External Affairs, Shri V. C. Trivedi and the Delegation of FRG
by its State Secretary. Among other things, the two sides dis-
cussed ways of further expanding mutual co-operation on the
basis of the understanding which already exists in various fields.
Dr. Erhard Eppler, Minister for Economic Co-operation of
the Federal Republic of Germany, paid an official visit to India
from I I to 19 November 1973, as guest of the Government of
India. Dr. Eppler had discussions with the Prime Minister and
the Ministers of Finance, Planning, Industrial Development and
Science and Technology. His talks achieved constructive results
in the field of West German economic co-operation with India
and transfer of technology. He indicated his Government's ap-
preciation for the priorities laid down in the Fifth-Five-Year-
Plan in the fields of agriculture, energy, public transportation,
and in important agricultural inputs such as irrigation facilities,
fertilizers and pesticides.
France
Mr. Andre Malraux visited India in April 1973, at the invita-
tion of the Government of India. He met the President, the
Prime Minister and exchanged views with the Minister of Exter-
nal Affairs and other Ministers of Government on wide-ranging
topics of international interest. In September, Mr. Malraux was
awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Under-
standing for 1972. Through this award, India honoured an elder
Statesman of France, a distinguished man of letters and, above
all, a courageous fighter for human liberty and dignity.
The French Finance Minister M. Giscard d'Estaing paid
an official visit to India from 16 to 19 November as guest of the
Government of India. His talks with the Prime Minister and the
Ministers of Finance, Planning and Commerce centred round
general economic relationship and trade between India, France
pg56>
and the EEC. He envisaged greater French participation in
Indian development projects, particularly off-shore oil prospect-
ing and fertilizer production.
Turkey
Mr. Umit Haluk Bayulken, Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the Republic of Turkey, accompanied by senior officials of the
Turkish Government, paid an official visit to India from 21 to
23 August 1973. His discussions with the Minister of External
Affairs revealed an identity of views on many matters of inter-
national interest. The Turkish Foreign Minister expressed his
Government's appreciation of the steps taken by India to bring
about normalisation of relations among the countries of the sub-
continent. On bilateral relations, the two Foreign Ministers
agreed on the need to expand cultural and trade exchanges. The
signing of a trade Agreement in September between the two
countries, it is hoped, would lead to greater economic co-opera-
tion and collaboration between India and Turkey.
Earlier in February 1973, the Turkish Government instituted
a ban on a number of books. These included the Gita, the
Upanishads and Dr. Radhakrishnan's "The Hindu View of Life".
The Turkish action was apparently taken under the mistaken
impression that the Indian books constituted religious propa-
ganda. This misunderstanding was remedied when the correct
position was explained to the Turkish Government. The Turkish
Government withdrew the ban in May 1973.
At the invitation of the Turkish Government Dr. Karan
Singh, the then Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation, led a
special delegation to Ankara to attend the 50th anniversary
celebrations of the Turkish Republic from 28 to 31 October 1973.
The delegation was received with much courtesy and warmth. To
mark the anniversary, seminars were held in educational institu-
tions in India on the life and achievements of Kamal Ataturk and
a road in New Delhi was named after him.
pg57>
Luxembourg
At the invitation of India's Minister of External Affairs, the
Foreign Minister of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Mr.
Gaston Thorn, came to India on a five-day-visit from 29 April
to 3 May 1973. This was the first ever visit of a Foreign Minister,
of Luxembourg which is the seat of many an important institu-
tion of the European Economic Community. During his stay in
Delhi, Mr. Thorn held discussions with the Minister of External
Affairs on matters of common interest with particular reference
to India's relations with the EEC. Mr. Thorn reiterated his
Government's understanding of India's trading problems with the
enlarged European Economic Community.
Spain
In February 1974, Prince Don Juan Carlos and Princess Dona
Sofia of Spain came on an official visit to India accompanied by
the new Foreign Minister of Spain, Mr. Pedro Cortinay Mauri.
The Prince and Princess are already acquainted with this country
having been here before on a private visit. This is the second
official visit of a Spanish dignitary to India, the first one being
that of the former Foreign Minister Sr. Lopez Bravo's in 1972.
There are possibilities for increased trade between India and
Spain. India has shown interest in buying ships from Spain which
is the world's third largest producer of ships. The talks revealed
a similarity of views on the situation in West Asia.
Scandinavian Countries
With the Scandinavian countries, India continued to develop
closer co-operative relationship in the industrial, technical and
technological fields. This received a fillip when, at the invitation
of the Foreign Ministers of the respective countries, the Minister of
External Affairs paid official visits to Norway, Sweden, Finland
and Denmark during the period 14 June to 23 June 1973. He
pg58>
held discussions on wide-ranging topics of mutual interest with
his counterparts and with other senior Ministers of the Govern-
ments concerned. The Minister of External Affairs a so met
people from a wide spectrum of society and was deeply impress-
ed by the feelings of friendship and understanding they enter-
tained for India.
Relations between India and Western Europe are thus deve-
loping satisfactorily on all fronts. There is good-will for India,
a better appreciation of her policies aimed at bringing about
stable and durable relationships in the sub-continent and a
desire to co-operate in the economic and commercial fields.
THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE
The Soviet Union
The visit of the General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Member of
the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Mr. L. I. Brezhnev, to India
from 26 to 30 November 1973, gave a further momentum to the
successfully developing friendly and co-operative relations
between India and the Soviet Union in all fields. The very warm
and cordial welcome given by all sections of people to General
Secretary Brezhnev on his arrival in Delhi and throughout his
stay in the Capital was a spontaneous expression of the friendly
feelings entertained towards the Soviet Union, a country which
has given principled support to India, at all times.
General Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev held extensive and
wide-ranging talks with the Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira
Gandhi. He was assisted in the talks by a high-level Soviet dele-
gation including the Foreign Minister and Member of the
Politbureau, Mr. A. A. Gromyko, Member of the Politbureau
and First Secretary of the Kazakistan Communist Party, Mr.
D. A. Kunaev, Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the State
Planning Committee (Gosplan), Mr. N. K. Baibakov and the
Chairman of the State Committee for External Economic Rela-
tions, Mr. S. A. Skatchkov and other senior officials. Separate
pg59>
discussions were also held by members of the Soviet delegation
with their Indian counterparts: Sardar Swaran Singh, Minister of
External Affairs, Shri Y. B. Chavan, Minister, of Finance, Shri
D. P. Dhar, Minister of Planning, Shri Surendra Pal Singh,
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs, Shri Kewal
Singh, Foreign Secretary and Shri P. N. Dhar, Secretary to the
Prime Minister. Apart from the talks, there were public engage-
ments, such as a Reception at the Red Fort by the citizens of
Delhi and Mr. Brezhnev's Address to Members of Parliament.
The talks were held in a most cordial atmosphere of friendship
and mutual understanding and there was a broad identity of
views on all questions discussed. The Joint Indo-Soviet Declara-
tion, which was signed by the Prime Minister and General Secre-
tary Brezhnev on 29 November 1973, reflects the desire of both
countries to expand and deepen their mutually advantageous co-
operation in all fields.
In the Joint Declaration, General Secretary Mr. L. I.
Brezhnev paid specific tribute to India's policy of non-alignment.
The Indian side highly appraised the foreign policy of the
Soviet Union which is aimed at consolidating international peace.
The Joint Declaration took note of the Indo-Soviet Treaty of
Peace, Friendship and Co-operation concluded in August 1971,
as a contributing factor for the further expansion of co-operation
between the two countries in the political, economic, scientific,
technological, cultural and other fields. The Soviet support for
India's position and initiatives for normalisation of relations in
the Indian sub-continent, in accordance with the Simla Agree-
ment between India and Pakistan, was also reiterated. There was
a broad identity of views on all questions discussed.
The other documents signed. during General Secretary Mr
L. I. Brezhnev's visit were:
(i) An agreement on the further development of Economic
and Trade Co-operation;
pg60
(ii) An Agreement on Co-operation between the Planning
Commission of India and the State Planning Committee
of the USSR; and
(iii) A Consular Convention.
Under the 15-Year Economic and Trade Co-operation Agree-
ment which specifies areas of Soviet assistance in India's pro-
grammes of industrialisation, the USSR will extend further co-
operation in the fields of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy; oil
prospecting and refining; heavy engineering; power generation;
petro-chemical industry; ship-building and other branches of
industry; agriculture and in the training of personnel.
In this context, the capacities of existing Soviet-assisted
plants will be expanded and the Soviet Union will also assist in
the setting up of new plants. Specific examples mentioned both
in the Agreement on Economic and Trade Co-operation and in
the Joint Declaration are the expansion of the Bhilai and Bokaro
steel plants to an annual capacity of 7 and 10 million tons
respectively; the construction of the Mathura Oil Refinery
with an annual capacity of 6 million tons; the setting-up of a
copper-mining complex at Malanjkhand; and the realisation of
the Calcutta underground railway project.
The Soviet Union has also undertaken to extend fresh credits
to India and has expressed her readiness to streamline and im-
prove the existing credit relations between the two countries.
India and the USSR have further aimed at doubling. their
bilateral trade turn-over by 1980. (The trade turn-over during
1973, was Rs. 410 crores). To achieve this objective, the two
countries have agreed to create additional capacities in their res-
pective countries to meet the long-term requirements of the other,
taking into account specialisation and co-operation in the manu-
facture of individual industrial products.
pg61>
The very useful visit of General Secretary Brezhnev's greatly
reinforced the existing bonds of friendship, understanding and co-
operation between India and the Soviet Union. This friendship,
based on the principles of peaceful co-existence, is not directed
against any country, and is an important factor in promoting
world peace and international amity.
After General Secretary Brezhnev's return to Moscow, the
Politbureau ofthe CPSU Central Committee, the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the USSR Council of Ministers
jointly passed a Resolution which highly assessed the results of
General Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev's visit to India as having
"raised to a higher level" the relations between the two countries.
Other high level exchange of visits between India and the
Soviet Union, included the visit of the Minister of Defence Shri
Jagjivan Ram to the USSR in July 1973, at the invitation of the
Soviet Minister of Defence, Mr. A. Grechko. Shri Jagjivan Ram
also had discussions with Chairman Kosygin. The President of
the Indian National Congress, Dr. S. D. Sharma visited the USSR
from 1 to 9 July 1973 and was received by General Secretary Mr.
L. I. Brezhnev.
The Agreement for the supply of 2 million tons of wheat, on
a loan basis, by the Soviet Union concluded on 2 October 1973,
was warmly appreciated by the Government and people of India.
The augmentation of food supplies was most timely, in the
context of the severe drought suffered by India in the past year
and the steep rise in the world price of foodgrains. The loan is
interest-free and repayable over a 5-year period commencing
from 1976. This friendly Soviet assistance is a reflection of the
USSR's continuing interest in co-operation with India to the
mutual benefit of both countries.
India followed with interest and sympathy the Soviet
Union's initiatives aimed at relaxation of tensions and pro-
motion of international detente based on the principles of
pg62>
peaceful co-existence between States. The visit of General
Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev to the USA in June 1973 and the
conclusion of far-reaching agreements between the USSR and
the USA have been welcomed by India in the context of con-.
solidation of world peace. The Government of India hope
that the development of detente between the major powers
would not adversely affect in any way the interests of third coun-
tries. General Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev's visit to Bonn in
May 1973 and to Paris in June 1973, have also been welcomed
as a positive possible contribution towards the process of streng-
thening of European peace and security.
In his address to the Members of Parliament on 29 Novem-
ber 1973, General Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev stressed "the
long-standing historical traditions of peaceful good-neighbourly
relations between India and the Soviet Union". He declared:
"The Soviet Union attaches great importance to the strengthen-
ing of friendship and to the all-round development of its relations
with India ...... Our countries are also drawn together by the
profoundly peace-loving nature of their foreign policies. The con-
solidation of Soviet-Indian friendship is today acquiring primary
importance both from the standpoint of the national interests of
the two countries and from the standpoint of strengthening peace
and invigorating the international situation on the whole of our
planet".
In the same address, General Secretary Mr. L. I. Brezhnev
referred to the "growing interest in the idea of safeguarding of
security in Asia through collective efforts". He declared :
"This is why it seems opportune to hold a thorough and
comprehensive discussion on the idea of collective se-
curity in Asia which would help trace a common
approach, acceptable to all the States concerned, to the
problems of peace and security in the continent. In a
word, we are calling for an active, broad and construc-
tive discussion which would help to bring about a
pg63>
deeper understanding of the urgent talks. The oppor-
tunity has arrived and the present situation in Asia has
created adequate prerequisites. Asia can and must
become a continent of peace, friendship and co-operation.
This goal is worth the efforts and the struggle".
The position of the Government of India on this subject has
been made clear on a number of occasions. Speaking in the Lok
Sabha on 21 December 1973, the Minister of External Affairs,
Sardar Swaran Singh, stated :-
"The-emergence of Asia as an area of peace and tranquillity
as a result of relaxation of tension is a desirable objec-
tive. However, we have to keep in view the situation as
it prevails in Asia and the political complexity in the
Continent of Asia . . . .
"Our own thinking is that an adherence to such principles
as renunciation of the use of force, peaceful co-existence,
respect for sovereignty of all countries, non-interference
in internal affairs and broad development of economic
and other co-operation on the basis of equality and
mutual benefit will assist such a process . . . .
"It is Government of India's belief that an atmosphere of
friendship and peace can prevail not by means of
military blocs; nor by any system of grouping of coun-
tries directed against any other country or group of
countries, but through goodwill and co-operation. More
intensive co-operation in the economic field, in the first
instance, would help in strengthening mutuality of inte-
rests amongst countries of the region".
Czechoslovakia
The close ties of friendship and co-operation between India
and Czechoslovakia were further strengthened during the year
pg64>
President V. V. Giri paid an official visit to Czechoslovakia from
6 to 10 October 1973, at the invitation of President Ludvic
Svoboda of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. In the course of
his visit, the President had a very useful exchange of views on
bilateral and international issues with Czechoslovak leaders. The
warm reception accorded to the President in Czechoslovakia testi-
fied once more to the deep mutual sympathy and understanding
between the two countries.
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the
Czechoslovak Communist Party, Dr. Gustav Husak paid a visit
to India from 3 to 9 December 1973. The joint Indo-Czechoslovak
Declarations signed at the end of the visit, paid tribute to India's
peaceful foreign policy based on non-alignment and the principles
of peaceful co-existence. The Czechoslovak side also expressed its
appreciation of India's untiring efforts in seeking to achieve
durable peace on the Indian sub-continent. India reiterated her
appreciation of the constructive role played by Czechoslovakia
in promoting peaceful and co-operative relations amongst the States
of the European Continent.
During Dr. Husak's visit, the third Economic Co-operation
Agreement was signed between the two countries on 5 December
1973. Czechoslovakia has agreed to provide fresh credits of the
value of Rs. 800 million on more favourable terms than the
previous Czechoslovak credits. Under the Agreement, Czechoslo-
vakia has undertaken to continue her assistance in the
strengthening of India's industrial base, especially in the fields of
power generation, electrification of railways, engineering industries
and fertilizer production. The bilateral trade turn-over is also
planned to be increased to Rs. 1,500 million in 1974, as compared
to Rs. 800 million in 1973.
Among the other high-level exchanges of visits were the visit
by the Minister of External Affairs, Sardar Swaran Singh, to
Czechoslovakia from 29 May to 1 June 1973, at the invitation of
pg65>
the Czechoslovak Foreign Minister, Mr. Bohuslav Chnoupak. The
Minister of External Affairs had meetings and talks with the
loading political personalities in Czechoslovakia including Dr.
Gustav Husak, President Svoboda and Dr. Lubomir Strougal.
An Indo-Czechoslovak Agreement on Scientific, Technical and
Industrial Co-operation was signed during the visit.
Poland
The ties of co-operation and mutual understanding between
India and Poland were further strengthened during 1973-74. The
visit of the Polish Minister of Shipping Mr. Jarzy Szopa to India,
from 29 March to 6 April 1973, has led to further Indo-Polish
Co-operation in the sphere of Ship-building and Fisheries Develop-
ment. As a result of Mr. Szopa's discussions with the Indian
Minister for Planning and the Minister for Shipping and Transport,
an Indo-Polish Agreement on Co-operation on Marine Fisheries
was concluded between the two Governments on 6 April 1973.
The Polish Minister for Internal Trade, Mr. Edward Sznajder
visited India from 1 to 5 April 1973, to head the Polish Delegation
to the Meeting, of the Indo-Polish Committee on Trade Exchanges.
At the meeting, both sides noted with satisfaction the progress
made in the expansion of trade relations between the two coun-
tries and expressed their determination to implement the long-
term trade protocol for 1973-75 which was concluded in January
1973, during the visit of the Prime Minister of Poland to India.
The Indo-Polish trade turn-over has increased from Rs. 4 million
in 1953 to Rs. 747 million in 1972. The first meeting of the Indo-
Polish Joint Commission which was held in Warsaw from 2 to- 8
November 1973, marked an important mile-stone in the develop-
ment of economic co-operation between the two countries. The
Indian Delegation was headed by the Minister for Steel and Heavy
Industries, Shri T. A. Pai, while the Polish side was headed by
the Polish Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. J. Mitrega.
pg66>
The Polish Government and Press welcomed the Indo-
Pakistan Agreement concluded in Delhi on 28 August 1973, as a
concrete steps in the normalisation of relations on the Indian sub-
continent.
German Democratic Republic
With the establishment of diplomatic relations between India
and GDR at Embassy level in October 1972, the close and friendly
co-operation between the two countries has been growing con-
sistently in all fields. The GDR welcomed the Indo-Bangladesh
Joint Declaration of 17 April 1973 and the Indo-Pakistan Agree-
ment of 28 August 1973. She also extended consistent support to
India's efforts to achieve speedy normalisation in the Indian sub-
continent.
A delegation led by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers
of the GDR, Mr. Willi Stoph, visited New Delhi on 19 and 20
March 1973, on its return journey from the Democratic Republic
of Vietnam. Discussions were held on matters of mutual interest
between Mr. Willi Stoph and the Prime Minister.
The Minister of External Affairs Sardar Swaran Singh paid
an official visit to GDR from 25 to 29 May 1973. During his stay
he was received by the First Secretary Mr. Willi Stoph and also
called on the Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers Mr.
Horst Sindermann, besides having detailed talks with the GDR
Foreign Minister, Mr. Otto Winzer.
The Deputy Premier and the Chairman of the State Planning
Commission Mr. Gerhard Schuerer led a fourteen-member dele-
gation on an official visit to India from 7 to 17 October 1973, at
the invitation of the Minister of Planning Shri D. P. Dhar. A
Protocol for long-term co-operation envisaging trade expansion
and technological co-operation was signed during the visit.
pg67>
Rumania
The cordial relations already existing With Rumania were
further strengthened during the year. Rumania had welcomed the
Indo-Pakistan Agreement of 28 August 1973, as a positive step
towards normalisation of the situation in the Indian sub-continent.
A nine-member Indian Parliamentary Delegation led by the
Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Shri G. S. Dhillon, visited Rumania
from 24 to 30 May 1973.
The Minister of Planning, Shri D. P. Dhar paid a 4-day visit
to Rumania from 2 to 6 July 1973 and held discussions with the
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Rumania and the
Chairman of the Planning Commission Mr. Manean Manescu. It
was decided to increase co-operation between the Planning bodies
of the two countries. Agreement was also reached to speedily set
up an inter-government Joint Commission for Economic, Scientific
and Technical Co-operation.
An Indian Trade Delegation visited Rumania from 16 to 22
October and negotiated a new Trade Protocol. A decision was
arrived at to increase the volume of the trade between the two
countries.
President V. V. Giri paid a State visit to Rumania from 3 to
6 October 1973, on the invitation of President Ceausescu. He was
accorded an enthusiastic welcome by the people and Government
of Rumania.
Mr. Manean Manescu, Deputy Prime Minister of Rumania and
Chairman of the State Planning Commission, paid a visit to India
from 9 to 15 January 1974.
During the visit, letters were exchanged for the setting up of a
Joint Commission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Co-
operation between India and Rumania. An agreement for estab-
lishing a Study Group of Experts for promoting co-operation
pg68>
between the Planning Bodies of the two countries was also signed.
The Rumanian Government has expressed interest to co-operate
with India in the field of oil exploration and processing.
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia extended consistent support to India's efforts
aimed at achieving durable peace in the sub-continent. Yugoslavia
also welcomed the Indo-Bangladesh Joint Declaration of 17 April
1973 and the Indo-Pakistan Agreement of 28 August 1973.
At the Algiers Summit of non-aligned countries, Yugoslavia
and India maintained close contact with other participating coun-
tries on major items which came up during discussions.
President Tito's visit to India from 24 to 29 January 1974, to,
personally receive the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International
Understanding was an expression of the strong links which exist
between India and Yugoslavia. The Award itself was a token of
the great admiration in which President Tito is held in India and
of his outstanding contribution to the cause of the Non-
alignment Movement and to world peace and international co-
operation. President Tito and Madame Jovanda Broz were
honoured guests during the Republic Day celebrations.
The talks between the Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi,
and President Tito revealed a close identity of views on all
bilateral questions as well as the international problems discussed
In the bilateral field, India and Yugoslavia have agreed to further
expand and intensify the economic co-operation and to explore
the possibilities of setting up joint ventures in the two countries
as well as in third countries.
In the international field, India and Yugoslavia, as founder
members of the Non-aligned Movement, subscribe to similar
policies. Both sides called for a meeting of Non-aligned countries
at an appropriate level, for the concrete implementation of the
pg69>
decisions taken at the Non-aligned Summit in Algiers in Sep-
tember 1973. In the prevailing complex international situation
and the economic crisis which faces the world community, it was
considered all the more necessary for the Non-aligned Developing
countries to strengthen their economic co-operation and to help
each other in achieving economic emancipation.
Indo-Yugoslav relations continued to be cordial and friendly
and the following high level exchange of visits took place during
the year :
(i) The Yugoslav Prime Minister Mr. Dzemal Bijedic paid
an official visit to India from 5 to 9 March 1973.
(ii) Prime Minister Shrimati Indira Gandhi visited Yugoslavia
from 15 to 17 June 1973, at the invitation of President
Tito and Prime Minister, Mr. Dzemal Bijedic. She was
accorded a warm and friendly welcome by the Govern-
ment and people of Yugoslavia.
(iii) Mr. Veljko Milatovic, President of the Socialist Alliance
of Yugoslavia visited India in December 73.
(iv) Bilateral talks were held between the representatives of
the Foreign Offices of the two countries from 17 to 20
December 1973. The Indian delegation was led by
Foreign Secretary, Shri Kewal Singh and the Yugoslav
delegation by their Deputy Federal Secretary.
An Indian Trade and Economic Delegation led by Shri A. C.
George, Deputy Minister of Commerce visited Yugoslavia in
April 1973. Discussions were held during this visit with the aim
to ensure that there was no decrease in the volume of the trade
between the two countries as a result of the changeover to a
convertible currency payments system in bilateral trade.
pg70>
Bulgaria
There was a continuous strengthening of relations with
Bulgaria in all fields-political, economic and cultural. Bulgaria
showed full understanding and appreciation of India's position on
various international issues, particularly those pertaining to the
sub-continent. Accordingly, Bulgaria welcomed the Indo-Bangla-
desh Joint Declaration of 17 April 1973 and the Indo-Pakistan
Agreement of 28 August 1973.
India participated this year also in the 29th International
Trade Fair in Plovdiv. Orders were placed by Bulgarian firms for
a number of non-traditional items from India. Furthermore, as a
result of the visit of Minister Shri C. Subramaniam, to Bulgaria
in June 1973, a useful beginning has been made in industrial and
scientific co-operation between the two countries. In pursuance of
the understanding reached at that time, a delegation of 5 Indian
experts of the Directorate-General of Technical Development
visited Bulgaria from 5 to 14 September to examine possible new
fields of Indo-Bulgarian industrial and technical co-operation.
Hungary
Indo-Hungarian relations continued to be very friendly in
all fields. An Indian Parliamentary Delegation led by Shri G. S.
Dhillon, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and including Shri Om Mehta,
Minister for Works and Housing and Parliamentary Affairs visited
Hungary from 30 May to 5 June 1973. The Minister of Com-
merce Prof. D. P. Chattopadhyaya visited Hungary from 14 to
19 June 1973, to preside over a conference of the Indian Commer-
cial Representatives in East Europe. Prof. Chattopadhyaya availed
of that opportunity to discuss matters of mutual interest with his
Hungarian counterpart.
Prof. Nurul Hasan, Minister of Education, visited Budapest
from 8 to 12 October 1973.
A Hungarian Trade Delegation led by Dr. Bala Szalai,
Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade visited India from 8 to 14
pg71>
December 1973, and concluded a Trade Protocol for 1974, envi-
saging a total trade turn-over of Rs. 775 million. There has been
a steady progress in India's trade with Hungary.
On the cultural side there has been exchange of scholars and
delegations between the two countries. A new cultural agreement
providing for further expansion in cultural exchanges was signed
in October 1973 in Budapest.
Agreement was reached, through exchange of letters in
Budapest on 19 December 1973, for the setting up of the Indo-
Hungarian Joint Commission for Scientific and Technical Co-
operation.
pg72> |
The Americas |
Top |
CHAPTER VII
THE AMERICAS
The United States of America
The relations between India and the United States of America
showed a steady improvement. Apart from public reaffirmation
of the desire for good relations, both countries made conscious
efforts to improve them. In October 1973, the Minister of External
Affairs met the Secretary of State, Dr. Henry Kissinger in
Washington and held wide-ranging discussions on matters of
mutual interest. The Foreign Secretary, Shri Kewal Singh, also
visited Washington in November and exchanged views with U.S.
officials. In April 1973, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Mr.
Kenneth Rush and Assistant Secretary of State Mr. Joseph Sisco
visited New Delhi and met the Prime Minister, Minister of Exter-
nal Affairs and Finance Minister. Earlier in the year, the United
States Government appointed a distinguished American and an
eminent scholar Mr. Daniel P. Moynihan as their Ambassador
in New Delhi. The former Foreign Secretary, Shri T. N. Kaul,
took over as India's Ambassador in Washington in May 1973.
Throughout this period the two Governments also maintained a
regular dialogue on important issues. As the Minister of External
Affairs recently stated in Parliament, Indo-U.S. relations have now
pg73>
entered a phase where a constructive, co-operative and mature
relationship can be built up between the two countries.
A positive sign of the improvement of Indo-U.S. relations was
the decision of the two Governments to enter into discussions
to resolve the outstanding problem of United States-owned rupees
in India. These negotiations were successfully concluded and an
agreement initialled in New Delhi on Dec 13, 1973. The
Government of India expressed satisfaction on this development.
A formal agreement between India and the United States on the
question of PL-480 rupees was signed in New Delhi on 18 Feb-
ruary 1974.
In the economic field, there were some readjustments in Indo-
U.S. relations. After mutual consultations it was decided to
wind up the U.S. Technical assistance programme in India with
effect from 30 June 1973. In line with the Government's decision
not to avail of concessional food imports under P.L. 480, India
made cash payment for substantial quantities of foodgrains pur-
chased in the United States in 1972. It was recognised that the
past pattern of donor-recipient relationship must be replaced by
a more mature economic relation involving greater trade and
commercial exchanges. There should be easier accessibility for
Indian exports to the American market. At the same time, the
Government of India welcomed economic co-operation with the
United States on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit.
Cultural contacts between India and the United States which
have never been affected by political differences between the two
countries remained at a normal level. A large number of Indian
and American students, scholars, scientists, journalists and others
visited the United States and India respectively. Among the
several distinguished American visitors to India were Senators
William Saxbe, Charles Percy, former Senator John Sherman
Cooper and Governor John West of South Carolina. In January
1974, an academic summit of Indian and American scholars
jointly sponsored by the University Grants Commission and the
American Board of Foreign Scholarships was held in New Delhi
pg74>
to exchange ideas in the major fields of knowledge and to seek
new areas for possible collaboration. A "Pugwash Conference"
of Indian and American scientists and engineers took place in
Hyderabad from 9 to 12 January 1974, under the Chairmanship
of Prof. M. G. K. Menon, Secretary, Department of Electronics.
Although there is no conflict of interest between India and the
United States, the relations between the two countries had some
times been affected by differences over attitudes towards third
countries. There was, however, some indication of a change in
the U.S. approach towards the sub-continent. The United States
recognised that the problems of the region must be resolved
through peaceful bilateral discussions by the countries concerned
and that no outside power can provide the solution required. It
was also appreciated that there can be no arms parity between
India and Pakistan as the strategic and security problems of the
two countries were different and not comparable. The Govern-
ment of India have noted that Secretary of State Kissinger, in his
testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in
September 1973, recognised India's role as of special importance
in the developing world whose growth and stability was essential
for peace and stability in South Asia.
India has consistently emphasised that supply of U.S. arms to
Pakistan, whether directly or indirectly, will impede the process
of normalisation in the sub-continent and will endanger the
establishment of durable peace in this region. It is hoped that
keeping in view the improvement of the situation in the sub-
continent the U.S. Government will not take any steps which may
adversely affect this-process or endanger stability in the region.
Canada
Indo-Canadian relations were further strengthened with the visit
of the Prime Minister to Canada in June 1973. The Prime Minister
was given a Warm and cordial welcome by the Canadian Govern-
ment and people. The visit had some important results. The
pg75>
goodwill trip took her to several cities of Canada from east to
west. It served to renew contacts with Canadian leaders at diffe-
rent levels and of different shades of opinion. This aspect was
highlighted by such public events as the Prime Minister's address
to the joint session of the Canadian Parliament, speech before the
Empire Club of Canada at Toronto, meetings with leading intel-
lectuals in Ottawa and Montreal and discussions with Canadian
business leaders in Vancouver. The visit also provided an oppor-
tunity for the two countries to discuss their bilateral relations at
the highest level. It was decided that officials of the two sides
would meet in New Delhi to review relations in economic, cul-
tural, scientific, technical and commercial spheres.
In pursuance of the decision of the two Prime Ministers,
senior officials of the two governments had detailed and fruitful
consultations from 5 to 9 November 1973. The Canadian Delega-
tion was led by Mr. R. E. Collins, Assistant Under Secretary of
State, Department of External Affairs, and the Indian Delegation
was headed by Shri B. K. Sanyal, Additional Secretary (ED),
Ministry of External Affairs. The detailed talks covered such ques-
tions as Canadian development assistance to India, trade between
the two countries, joint ventures in India, Canada and third
countries, food, civil aviation and tourism, cultural relations and
co-operation in the fields of science, technology and environment.
The leader of the Canadian Delegation assured the Indian side
that Canada would continue to offer assistance to India in her
strides towards development of her domestic capabilities and
alleviation of poverty. Both sides underlined the importance of
increasing trade between the two countries and expressed the hope
that trade will continue to grow and will ultimately replace aid.
South America
A major event took place in Latin America where the demo-
cratically-elected socialist Government of President Salvador
Allende was overthrown by the Chilean armed forces on 11
September 1973. Speaking in the U.N. General Assembly on 2
pg76>
October 1973, the Minister of External Affairs expressed the views
of the Government of India in the following terms:
"We deeply mourn the death of Dr. Allende in such violent
and tragic circumstances. I do not intend commenting on
the developments in a sovereign State. In the wider
context. however, I must express profound regret and
concern over the setback that the democratic tradition
of the people of Chile has suffered as a result of his
overthrow, and over the violence, bloodshed and depri-
vation of human rights and infringement of diplomatic
obligations which have recently been reported from that
country. We earnestly hope that peace and harmony
will be restored soon so that the people of Chile can
resume their work of national reconstruction and recon-
ciliation without any outside intervention and without
further violence."
India's relations with countries in South America are develop-
ing satisfactorily. In pursuance of a policy to widen contacts with
this region, two more Missions, namely those in Peru and Cuba,
were upgraded to the level of resident Ambassadors.
High level contacts between India and Latin American countries
were maintained. In October 1973, the Speaker of the Lok
Sabha, Dr. G. S., Dhillon, represented the Government of India
at the installation of President Juan D. Peron of Argentina. He
also, visited several other capitals in Latin America and met
important leaders in the government and public life.
pg77>
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United Nations And International Conferences |
Top |
CHAPTER VIII
UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
A significant landmark in the series of recent International
Conferences was the Fourth Non-aligned Summit Conference in
Algiers in September 1973. At the 28th United Nations General
Assembly which followed the Summit Conference, an event of
great significance was the admission of the Federal Republic of
Germany and the German Democratic Republic as members. One
of the new items of interest on the agenda of the U.N. General
Assembly was the proposal for the reduction of the military
budgets of States Permanent Members of the Security Council
by 10 per cent. Among the important decisions adopted by the
Assembly were one to hold a special World Food Conference in
1974 at Rome and a special session of the General Assembly in
1975, to consider problems relating to development.
The explosive situation in West Asia erupted into open hostili-
ties in October and was a matter of grave pre-occupation and
concern in the Security Council. The 28th Session of the General
Assembly has recessed, instead of adjourning, thus permitting its
reconvening, if necessary, to consider the West Asia problem on
its agenda. As before, non-aligned countries co-operated closely
and consulted frequently on various important issues, both tradi-
tional and new, at the U.N. in general and in the Security Council
and the General Assembly in particular.
pg78>
The Fourth Summit Conference of Non-aligned countries was
held at Algiers from Sep 05, 1973 to 9 September 1973. This was in accor-
dance with a decision taken at the Conference of Foreign Minis-
ters of Non-aligned Countries in Georgetown (Guyana) in August
1972, to hold the Fourth Summit Conference just before the 28th
U.N. General Assembly. The Summit was preceded by a Foreign
Ministers' meeting from 2 to 4 September 1973, as well as meet-
ings of the Preparatory Committee in Kabul and Algiers. In this,
the biggest ever gathering of Heads of State or Government to-
date, there were 75 full participants, in addition to 24 'observers'
and 7 'guests'. Among the new members admitted were Bangla-
desh, Bhutan, Oman and Qatar from Asia and Malta from Europe.
Latin American representation was strengthened by full member-
ship for Argentina and Peru and observer status for Panama.
Three European countries-Austria, Finland and Sweden-were
among those who attended as guests.
The Indian delegation to the Summit was led by the Prime
Minister. Indian views, as in previous Non-aligned Conferences,
received careful consideration. The unanimous election of the
Minister of External Affairs of India, Sardar Swaran Singh, as,
Chairman of the Political Committee of the Conference was
received with satisfaction by all. This also enabled India to play
even more effectively its customary role in the resolution of the
many important issues before the Conference. Foreign Secretary.,
Shri Kewal Singh, was Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
The Fourth Summit Conference, as compared to such previous
conferences, was characterised by a deeper realisation among the
participants of the need for concerted action and of their own
ability to make a contribution to the world political and economic
scene. There was a greater feeling of confidence and the will to
implement what was desired rather than merely to discuss and,
consider issues. This was particularly so in respect of economic.
issues.
Among the significant features of the Conference was a clear
consensus on the evaluation of detente, and the validity of non-
alignment in the present international context. There was a
pg79>
recognition of the need for non-aligned countries to safeguard
their independence of action and their determination to ensure
that international decisions affecting them are not made without
their equal participation. There was also an emphasis on the
urgent need for non-aligned countries to consolidate their economic
independence and to work for collective self-reliance through
mutual co-operation, in accordance with the specific objectives
and lines of action which was spelt out in the Conference docu-
ments.
The main documents adopted by the Conference were a general
Political Declaration, an Economic Declaration and an Action
Programme for Economic Co-operation. In addition, a number of
resolutions on specific political and economic subjects were
adopted. It was also decided that the next Summit Conference of
Non-aligned Countries would be held in Colombo in 1976.
During her second and final year of membership of the Security
Council, India continued her active participation and made a
useful contribution to the resolution of several important issues
which were deliberated in the Council during the year.
When the complaint of Zambia against serious acts of aggres-
sion by Southern Rhodesia was considered by the Security Council,
the Indian representative drew attention to the presence of South
African forces in Southern Rhodesia and demanded their remo-
val. India co-sponsored Resolutions leading to the despatch of a
Special Mission to Zambia with a view to assessing the needs of
Zambia in maintaining alternative systems of road, rail, air and
sea communication for the normal flow of traffic.
At the Special Session of the Security Council held in Panama
City for "consideration of measures for the maintenance and
strengthening of international peace in Latin America in confor-
mity with the provisions and principles of the Charter" India
supported a resolution which was adopted, expressing concern at
the existence and use of coercive measures which affected the free
exercise by Latin American countries of permanent sovereignty
over their natural resources.
pg80>
In June 1973, in a comprehensive review of, the situation in
West Asia, the Security Council considered a report by the
Secretary-General, detailing the efforts made by the United
Nations to solve the Middle-East crisis. Speaking in the Security
Council on 14 June 1973, the Indian Permanent Representative
termed the report of the Secretary-General as excellent, clear and
astute and praised the efforts of Ambassador Jarring. He added,
however, that Israel's refusal to implement resolution 242(1967)
made the call for negotiations to the Arabs a call for surrender.
Later in the year, with the outbreak of war in West Asia, the
Security Council met 10 times between 8 and 27 October 1973, to
consider the situation. Four resolutions were adopted, in each
case by 14 votes in favour to none against and China not parti-
cipating in the vote. The non-aligned countries members of the
Security Council, including India, played a vital role in the
various decisions adopted by the Council on the question.
On 22 October 1973, the Security Council adopted Resolution
338, co-sponsored by the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R., calling for an
immediate cease-fire in the positions occupied by the parties
concerned at the time of the adoption of the Resolution. It also
called upon the parties concerned to start, immediately after the
cease-fire, the implementation of Security Council Resolution
242 (1967) in all its parts. It further decided that, immediately and
concurrently with the cease-fire, negotiations should start between
the parties concerned under proper auspices aimed at establishing
a just and durable peace in the Middle East.
On 23 October 1973, the Security Council adopted Resolution
339, also sponsored by the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R., reiterating its
previous Resolution, and requesting the Secretary-General to
immediately despatch U.N. observers to supervise the cease-fire.
The fighting continued, and on 25 October 1973, the Security
Council adopted Resolution 340, sponsored by non-aligned
countries members of the Council (Guinea, India, Indonesia,
Kenya, Panama, Peru, Sudan and Yugoslavia). This Resolution
pg81>
demanded an observance of immediate and complete cease-fire
and withdrawal to positions occupied on 22 October 1973. It also
decided to set up immediately under its authority a U.N. Emer-
gency Force, to be composed of personnel drawn from U.N.
Member States except the Permanent Members of the Security
Council.
The UNEF is to have a total strength of 7,000, composed of
contingents from countries selected in consultation with the
Security Council and the parties concerned, bearing in mind the
accepted principles of equitable geographical representation. It
has been established for an initial period of six months. Austria,
Finland, Ireland, Peru, Sweden, Ghana, Panama, Indonesia,
Nepal, Kenya and Senegal are to provide contingents. In addition,
Canada and Poland are providing personnel for logistic support.
The cost of the UNEF will be shared among the members of the
U.N., including India.
A Peace Conference on the Middle East was convened in
Geneva on 21 December 1973. Resolution 344 adopted by the
Security Council on 15 December 1973, noted that the Peace
Conference was to begin under the auspices of the United Nations,
and expressed its confidence that the Secretary-General would play
a full and effective role and preside over its proceedings, if the
parties so desire. It requested the Secretary-General to keep the
Council suitably informed of the developments at the Peace Con-
ference to enable it to review the problems on a continuing basis.
China did not participate in the vote on the resolution, and the
remaining Permanent Members abstained.
As in the Security Council, the non-aligned countries also held
continuing consultations among themselves during the 28th U.N.
General Assembly with a view to co-operation and co-ordination
on important agenda items. The decisions taken at Algiers pro-
vided direction and impetus to a number of decisions adopted by
the U.N. General Assembly.
Among the important items considered by the General Assembly
was the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace. At
pg82>
its last session in 1972, an ad hoc committee had been appointed
to study the implications of the proposal with special reference
to the practical measures that may be taken in furtherance of the
objective. The General Assembly had before it the report of the
15-member ad hoc committee, which includes India. The resolu-
tion adopted by the 28th U.N. General Assembly urged all States
and especially the major powers to extend their co-operation to
the ad hoc committee in the discharge of its functions. It also
requested the Secretary-General to prepare a factual statement
of the military presence of the Great Powers in the Indian Ocean
with special reference to their naval deployments conceived in
the context of Great Powers rivalry. As on earlier occasions, the
resolution was co-sponsored by a number of countries including
India. While it was adopted by a large number of affirmative
votes with none against, 4 of the permanent members of the Secu-
rity Council-France, the U.K., the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R.-
continued their abstention on the resolution.
A useful debate was held in the Political Committee of the
U.N. General Assembly on the implementation of the Declaration
on the Strengthening of International Security, culminating in a
resolution which was co-sponsored by a number of non-aligned
countries including India. The resolution reaffirmed, inter alia
that all States have the right to participate on the basis of equality
in the settlement of major international problems. It also appealed
to all militarily significant States to exert efforts in order to extend
the political detente so far achieved to military detente with a
view to making available additional resources for economic and
social development, particularly to the developing countries. The
General Assembly also decided to include the item on Inter-
national Security in the provisional agenda of its 29th Session.
The discussion in the Political Committee of the General
Assembly in regard to Korea was concluded by a statement from
the Chair. The statement noted with satisfaction the Joint Com-
munique issued by North and South Korea in July 1972 and
expressed the hope that North and South Korea would continue
the dialogue so as to expedite independent, peaceful re-unification.
pg83>
A decision for the dissolution of the United Nations Commission
for the Unification and, Rehabilitation of Korea was also an-
nounced.
The debate in the U.N. General Assembly on the "restoration
of the lawful rights of the Royal Government of National Union
of Cambodia in the United Nations" ended with a decision to
postpone discussion of the question. India abstained on this
procedural motion. Later in the session, India voted in favour of
a proposal not to accept the credentials of the Khmer delegation.
This proposal was however not approved by the Assembly.
The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic
Republic were admitted as members during the session. Bahamas
which gained independence during the year, also became a mem-
ber.
As before, India participated actively in the deliberations of
the U.N. General Assembly on items pertaining to colonialism
and apartheid, in accordance with its well-known stand in such
matters. India continued to be a member of the U.N. Special
Committee on Decolonization (Committee of 24), the Special
Committee on Apartheid (the Indian representative is the rap-
porteur of this Committee), and the Council for Namibia and
was actively associated with the various decisions taken on these
matters by the 28th U.N. General Assembly.
The General Assembly debated a new item during its 28th
session entitled: "Illegal occupation by Portuguese military forces
of certain sectors of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and acts of
aggression committed by them against the people of the Republic."
India, which had earlier accorded recognition to the new Republic,
co-sponsored and voted in favour of the resolution adopted by
the General Assembly on the item. The resolution strongly
condemned the policies of the Government of Portugal in per-
petuating its illegal occupation of certain sectors of the Republic,
and drew the attention of the Security Council to the critical
situation resulting. from the illegal presence of the Portuguese in
Guinea-Bissau.
pg84>
in a related but separate move the General Assembly, while
approving the credentials of the representatives of Portugal, made
it clear that "they represent Portugal as it exists within its frontiers
in Europe and that they do not represent the Portuguese dominated,
territories of Angola and Mozambique nor could represent
Guinea-Bissau, which is an independent State." As in previous
years, General Assembly also decided to reject the credentials of
the representative of South Africa. The President of the
Assembly said that this was tantamount to a vehement condemna-
tion of the policy of the Government of South Africa, but it did
not affect the rights and privileges of South Africa as a member
of the U.N.
India was elected to the membership of the Economic and
Social Council, which now stands enlarged from 27 to 54, with
effect from 1 January 1974. India's two-year term as a non-
permanent member of the Security Council came to a close on
31 December 1973.
The General Assembly Session in 1973 proved particularly
fruitful in regard to economic matters. In addition to its normal
agenda, the Economic Committee of the U.N. General Assembly
was also engaged in the first biennial review and appraisal of the
International Development Strategy. India played an important
role in the deliberations on this important item, and she chaired
the working party appointed for the purpose.
Besides discussion on traditional items in the economic field,
a significant development was the General Assembly's decision to
hold a World Food Conference in 1974. The Non-aligned Summit
had called for such a meeting and the United States had also-
made a similar proposal. Other decisions taken included the
holding of a special session of the General Assembly in 1975, to
be devoted to development problems. (This had been recommend-
ed by the Algiers Summit). The resolution on Economic Co-opera-
tion amongst Developing Countries adopted at the session,
constitutes an endorsement by the U.N. General Assembly of the
pg85>
Action Programme for Economic Co-operation adopted at the
Non-aligned Summit Conference in Algiers. Among other impor-
tant decisions were the one to establish an International Univer-
sity, and the setting up of a revolving fund for Natural Resources
Exploration. All these decisions were strongly supported by
India.
Earlier in the year, the 3rd Session of the U.N. Committee on
Natural Resources was held in New Delhi in February 1973,
and was hosted by the Government of India. The Session was
addressed by among others, the Minister of External Affairs,
Sardar Swaran Singh, and the U.N. Secretary-General,
Dr. Kurt Waldheim. The leader of the Indian delegation, the
then Minister of Irrigation & Power, Dr. K. L. Rao, was
elected Chairman of the Session. The meeting considered impor-
tant issues in the field of Natural Resources exploration and
exploitation such as projection in natural resources reserves,
supply and future demand, a U.N. Revolving Fund for Natural
Resources Exploration, the proposed U.N. Water Conference
in Argentina in 1977, the principle of permanent sovereignty
of countries over their natural resources, technical and economic
aspects of international river-basin development, new technolo-
gies in energy etc.
The United Nations Committee on Science and Technology
for development, a Standing Committee of the U.N. Econo-
mic and Social Council, held its first session in New York in
March 1973. The Government of India attach particular
importance to the work of this Committee. Important decisions
were taken by the Committee on a variety of subjects such as
a World Plan of Action for the Application of Science and
Technology to Development, protein malnutrition and the
application of computer technology.
India participated in the 1st Session of the Governing
Council of the U.N. Environment Programme held in Geneva
in June 1973. This Session, among other things, discussed and
pg86>
evolved a list of priority areas for action in the environment
field by the UNEP. Following the important role she had played
at the Stockholm Conference in 1972, India participated actively
at this session.
In pursuance of the resolution adopted by ECOSOC a
Group of 20 eminent persons was appointed by the Secretary-
General to study the role of multinational corporations and
their impact on development, specially on developing countries,
and to submit recommendations for appropriate international
action. Shri L. K. Jha of India has been elected Chairman of
the group which has held meetings in New York and Geneva
and is expected to finalise its work before the middle of 1974.
Shri C. P. Srivastava, Chairman and Managing Director of
the Shipping Corporation of India, was elected Secretary-
General of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organisation (a Specialised Agency of the U.N.). In the elections
held during the 54th Session of the U.N. Economic and Social
Council, India was elected to the U.N. Population Commission,
the Human Rights Commission and the International Narcotics
Control Board.
The Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD)
held two sessions in Geneva, the first from 20 February to 26
April 1973, and the second from 12 June to 30 August 1973.
During this period the CCD held 42 plenary meetings and 4
informal meetings.
Although several measures in the field of disarmament were
suggested by members, the CCD's attention was mainly focussed
on the questions of a comprehensive nuclear test ban and the
prohibition of chemical weapons.
On the question of a comprehensive nuclear test ban, the
positions of the two major nuclear testing powers remained
divergent and unchanged. The Soviet Union maintained that
pg87>
the aim should be the cessation of all nuclear weapon tests,
everywhere and by everyone, and that, for control over the
cessation of underground tests, national means of detection and
identification were sufficient. The United States, on the other
hand reaffirmed its view that national means of verification
should be supplemented by some on-site inspections in order to,
secure an adequately verified ban on underground tests. India
reiterated its position based on (i) support to the Partial Test
Ban Treaty, (ii) an immediate suspension of all nuclear weapon
tests and (iii) the need for adherence of all nuclear-weapon
States to a comprehensive test ban.
In regard to the question of prohibition of chemical weapons,
the Soviet Union and the other Socialist States emphasized that,
while proposing their draft convention on chemical weapons
(which is almost identical to the already concluded convention
on biological weapons) as a basis for negotiations, they were
prepared to consider any other concrete formulations of a future
agreement. The United States and the other Western Powers
did not consider the Soviet draft as a suitable basis for negotia-
tions, as they had all along taken the position that the problem
of chemical weapons was of a very different nature from that
of biological weapons. The United States stated that it was
continuing its search for workable methods of possible limita-
tions or restrictions on chemical weapons, but had been unable
so far to develop any concrete proposal or formula for negotia-
ting a treaty on chemical weapons. India reiterated its support
for the concept of a comprehensive prohibition of all chemical
weapons without exception, and, in common with the majority
of States, stressed that the system of verification of an agreement
on chemical weapons should be based on a combination of
national and international measures.
A new item this year in the U.N. General Assembly was the
Soviet proposal for the reduction of military budgets of States
Permanent Members of the Security Council by 10 per cent
pg88>
and the utilisation of part of the funds thus saved to provide
assistance to developing countries. The General Assembly
adopted two resolutions on this item One, sponsored by
Mexico, called upon the Secretary-General to prepare a report
on the subject, with the assistance of qualified experts, to
provide a basis for further consideration. Another resolution,
sponsored by the Soviet Union, recommended that during the
next financial year all States Permanent Members of the Security
Council should reduce their military budgets by 10 per cent
from the 1973 levels and allot 10 per cent of the funds thus
released for assistance to developing countries. China opposed
the proposal and the other three permanent members of the
security Council, namely the United States, the United Kingdom
and France abstained. India reaffirmed its view that a substantial
amount of funds released through measures of disarmament
should be made available as additional resources for purposes
of development assistance, without prejudice to the fulfilment
of accepted assistance targets as well as other existing or
already agreed contributions from multilateral and bilateral
programmes.
On the question of convening a world disarmament confer-
ence-following the impasse which had been reached in regard
to the functioning of the Special Committee appointed by the
President of the 27th General Assembly-the General Assembly
decided to establish an ad hoc Committee consisting of 40 non-
nuclear-weapon States (including India) to examine all the
views and suggestions expressed by Governments on the
convening of a world disarmament conference and related pro-
blems, including conditions for the realization of such a confer-
ence, and to present, on the basis of consensus, a report to the
General Assembly at its 29th session.
The General Assembly, in separate resolutions, asked the CCD
to continue its deliberations, as matters of "highest" and "high"
priority respectively, on the questions of a comprehensive nuclear
test ban and the prohibition of chemical weapons.
pg89>
The General Assembly also invited the Diplomatic Conference
on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humani-
tarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts---which is scheduled
to be held in Geneva in 1974-to consider the question of the
use of napalm and other incendiary weapons, as well as other
specific conventional weapons, which may be deemed to cause
unnecessary suffering or to have indiscriminate effects, and to
seek agreement on rules prohibiting or restricting the use of
such weapons.
The Ministry continued to assist the Department of Atomic
Energy and the Department of Space in respect of the inter-
national aspects of their activities. The Indian Ambassador in
Vienna continues to be a Governor on the Board of Governors
of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
An extraordinary session of the International Civil Aviation
Organisation, and a Conference of Plenipotentiaries, were held
in Rome from 20 August to 20 September 1973, to deal with
the question of air security against "hijacking" which has
attracted considerable attention of the international community
during the past few years. India participated in the meetings
of both these bodies. Over a hundred States who are parties to
the Chicago Conference, were represented at the extraordinary
session of the Assembly. At the outset the Assembly adopted a
resolution concerning unlawful seizure of a Lebanese civil aircraft
by Israeli military aircraft, strongly condemning Israel for violating
Lebanese sovereignty, calling upon it to desist from committing
acts of unlawful interference with International civil air trans-
port, and warning it that if it continued committing such acts, the
Assembly will take measures, against Israel to protect inter-
national civil aviation.
For its substantive work, the Assembly also had before it a
number of proposals for the amendment of the Chicago Civil
Aviation Convention of 1944, to deal with unlawful interference
and other offences against international civil aviation. After
pg90>
protracted discussions, the Assembly rejected all the proposals;
but it adopted a somewhat mild resolution on the subject of
air security. This resolution inter alia, reaffirmed its condemna-
tion of all unlawful acts of interference with civil aviation and
of any failure by the contracting States to fulfil its obligation
to return a hijacked aircraft or to extradite or prosecute a
hijacker.
The Plenipotentiary Conference was attended by representa-
tives of 102 countries. The proposals before the Conference were
divided into two groups which envisaged: (i) adoption of a
Convention, and (ii) adoption of protocols to The Hague and
the Montreal Conventions. None of these proposals could get
the requisite majority in the plenary of the Conference and
consequently it failed to adopt any protocol or Convention
concerning unlawful interference and other offences against
international civil aviation.
India continued to play an active part in the work of the United
Nations Committees and Conferences concerned with the pro-
gressive development of international law. Further substantive
work was carried out during the year by U.N. Commission on
International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and its working groups
on unification and harmonization of international trade law on
various topics including international sale of goods, international
payments and international shipping legislation. In addition,
the Commission at its Sixth Session considered the subject of
multinational corporations. The Secretariat was asked to prepare
a report on the basis of replies received from various Govern-
ments and international organizations inter alia on the question
whether any problems arose in international trade due to ope-
ration of multinational enterprises which were susceptible to
solution by means of uniform legal rules. It was also decided to
organize an international symposium in 1975, to coincide with
the Eighth Session of the Commission on the role of universities
and research centres in the teaching and dissemination of
international trade law.
pg91>
India was represented at the Second Session of the UNCITRAL
Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments held in
New York from 7 to 18 January 1974. The Indian delegation
brought to the attention of the Working Group some of the ele-
ments in respect of which the Indian law on the negotiable instru-
ments differed with the civil and common law systems. The
Working Group was also apprised of the provisions in the Indian
law relating to "protest for better security" which offer a compro-
mise solution on the question of the recourse open to the holder
when the acceptor of a bill has become insolvent. The Working
Group agreed to further examine this and some other Indian
suggestions.
In accordance with decision of the Asian-African Legal Con-
sultative Committee taken at its 14th session held in New Delhi,
in January 1973, an inter-sessional meeting of the Sub-Committee
on the Law of the Sea was held in Geneva from 28 to 30
June 1973. The Sub-Committee was composed of the entire
membership of the Committee. India participated in the work
of this Sub-Committee.
The Asian African Legal Consultative Committee held its 15th
Annual Session in Tokyo from 7 to 14 January 1974. India parti-
cipated in this session. The main subjects discussed were the Law
of the Sea, international shipping legislation, and commercial
arbitration. As to the Law of the Sea, the subjects discussed were
rights and interests of landlocked States, status of international
straits, and the question of archipelagos. India was Rapporteur
of the Working Group on this subject.
The question of peaceful uses of the seabed beyond, the
limits of national jurisdiction has been under consideration of
the U.N. General Assembly since 1967. The U.N. Seabed Com-
mittee, whose membership was enlarged to 91 in 1971, held its
last two sessions in March-April 1973 and July-August 1973, in
New York and Geneva respectively. The U.N. Seabed
Committee has completed its work on the seabed and its resour-
ces. Its work on the Law of the Sea questions e.g. territorial
pg92>
waters, fisheries, marine pollution, etc., has not, however, been
completed. At the Geneva session of the Committee in July.
August 1973, a set of draft articles on fisheries was introduced
at the initiative of India. The proposal was also cosponsored
by Canada, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal and Sri Lanka. Under
the proposal a coastal State is empowered to establish an exclu-
sive fishery zone beyond its territorial sea. The outer limit of
this zone has been left open for further negotiation and settle-
ment.
Pursuant to the decision taken at the 28th U.N. General
Assembly, the first session of the 3rd United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea was held in New York from 3 to 14
December 1973. This session was devoted to organisational
questions. It was also decided to hold the substantive session of the
Conference in Caracas (Venezuela) in June 1974, for a period
of ten weeks. At the organisational session in New York, India
was a member of the Drafting Committee for the Conference.
The following items were discussed at the. 12th session of
the Legal Sub-Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
held in New York between 25 March and 20 April 1973.
1. Draft treaty relating to the moon.
2. Draft convention on registration of objects launched
into space for the exploration or use of outerspace.
3. Matters relating to the definition and/or delimitation
of outerspace and outerspace activities.
4. The various implications of space communications;
report of the Working Group on Direct Broadcast
Satellites.
5. Matters relating to the activities carried out through
remote sensing satellite surveys of earth resources.
pg93
The Draft Moon Treaty and the Draft Registration Treaty
were discussed in detail as a matter of priority. India took an
active part in the drafting of the Moon Treaty and has sub-
mitted proposals on various issues including the question of the
legal regime the natural resources of the Moon. Many
of the provisions of these two treaties have been finalised though
there are still some issues to be resolved in their formulation.
The 16th session of the Committee on Peaceful Uses of
Outerspace was held in New York in 1973. There was no
agreement in the Committee and the General Assembly was
recommended to refer the outstanding issues to the 13th session
of the Legal Sub-Committee which will be held during 1974.
During 1973, India concluded 102 treaties and agreements, a
list of which is given in Appendix III.
A meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government was:
held in Ottawa from 2 to 10 August 1973. The Indian delegation
was led by the Minister of External Affairs, Representatives
from 32 countries participated including Bangladesh and the
Bahamas, the two most recent additions to the Commonwealth.
The main focus of attention at the Conference was on mapping
the future course of Commonwealth co-operation particularly in
the economic field. Britain's accession to the EEC was the most
significant development of the year for the developing members
of the Commonwealth. Initiating a discussion on the subject, the
Minister of External Affairs suggested certain measures to im-
prove the trading opportunities of the developing Commonwealth
countries. There was also general support for retention of exist-
ing Commonwealth preferences in countries other than Britain
as a means of promoting intra-Commonwealth trade as well as
for the retention of the existing preferences in the British market
until suitable arrangements could be worked out with the
EEC.
pg94> |
Technical And Economic Co-operation |
Top |
CHAPTER IX
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION
The Economic Division of this Ministry continued to project
India's technical and economic advance and promote her econo-
mic interests abroad, in co-ordination with the various economic-
Ministries of the Government of India and the Indian Missions
abroad.
There was an increasing demand on the part of the developing
countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, and even in Latin
America for Indian participation in the form of expertise, training
facilities and equipment in their developmental activities. These
developments added a new dimension to the functions of the
Economic Division.
Broadly speaking, the Division during this year was concerned
as usual with the following subjects:
I. Promotion of closer external economic and commercial
relations : bilateral agreements, co-ordination of action
and in particular the inter-governmental Joint Commis-
sions;
II. Working of the technical assistance programme (ITEC)
which is geared to the possibilities of utilising to the
pg95
maximum the state of India's technical advancement
within her somewhat restricted resources;
III. Support for economic co-operation at the regional and
international level.
Starting with the Indo-Czech Joint Committee set up in 1966,
India has now established high level Joint Commissions with
Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Poland, Sri Lanka,
Sudan and the USSR. A Joint Commission with Rumania was
set up in January 1974 and some others are contemplated. These
commissions serve a useful purpose by allowing isolated bilateral
economic agreements and aspects of economic relations with a
country to be reviewed by an overseer body which assesses
periodically the totality of economic relations with the country
concerned and indicate guidelines for future strengthening and
amplification of these relations. This also enables the accelera-
tion and co-ordination of activities in various economic, commer-
cial, industrial, scientific and technological spheres and ensures
that additional fields of co-operation are in keeping with the
changing needs of industrial and commercial development. Joint
Commissions generally meet annually, delegations being led at
ministerial level. Experts on the delegation constitute themselves
into Working Groups to consider concrete measures to develop
bilateral relations indifferent sectors.
The decisions of the first and second meetings of the Indo-
Afghan Joint Commission, held in March 1970 and April 1972,
respectively, were reviewed during a visit by a four-member
Afghan delegation led by Mr. Abdul Karim Amin, President
Finance, Ministry of Planning, Government of Afghanistan during
March 1973. A further review was carried out during the visit of
the Indian Minister of External Affairs to Kabul in October
1973.
The Indo-Bulgarian Joint Commission was set up on Nov 29, 1973
through an exchange of letters in Sofia between
the Indian Ambassador and the Bulgarian Deputy Minister for
pg96>
Foreign Relations. The first session of the Commission is expect-
ed to take place in Delhi towards the end of 1974. In January
1974, an eleven-member delegation of experts from Bulgaria
visited India at the invitation of the Ministry of External Affairs.
Areas of mutual beneficial collaboration are being identified
through exchange of such delegations.
The 4th meeting of the Indo-Czechoslovak Joint Committee was
held in Prague from 14 to 22 June 1973. The Indian delegation
was led by Professor D. P. Chattopadhyaya, Minister of Com-
merce, and the Czechoslovak delegation by Mr. A. Barcak,
Minister of Foreign Trade. Working Groups were set up which
made recommendations for future co-operation in the fields of
industry, trade exchange and science and technology. Further
progress was made during the visit of Dr. Gustav Husak,
Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak
Communist Party, to India in December 1973, on which occasion
a protocol for economic, technical and scientific co-operation
between the two countries was signed.
The Indo-Hungarian Joint Commission was set up on 19
December 1973, through an exchange of letters in Budapest
between the Indian Ambassador and the Hungarian Foreign
Minister. The venue and time for the first session will be decided
by mutual consultations.
The 4th meeting of the Indo-Iranian Joint Commission for
economic, trade and technical co-operation, set up in January
1969, was held in mid-January 1974, preceded by meetings of
committees on trade, technical co-operation, transportation, in-
dustries and petroleum. The Indian delegation was led by the
Minister of External Affairs and the Iran delegation by their
Minister of Economy. A second round of talks was held in
Tehran on 20 and 21, February 1974 during the visit of the,
Minister of External Affairs.
The Indo-Iraq Joint Commission for economic, trade and techni-
cal co-operation was set up by exchange of letters between the
pg97>
two Governments on 6 April 1973. The first meeting of the Corn-
mission is likely to be held in 1974.
The first meeting of the Indo-Polish Joint Commission, estab-
lished in January 1972, was held from 2 to 8 November 1973, in
Warsaw. The Indian delegation was led by Shri T.A. Pai, Minis-
ter of Heavy Industry, Steel and Mines and the Polish delegation
by Mr. Jan Mitrega, Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers
and Minister of Mining and Power. A protocol was signed by
the two sides setting out co-operation in the field of mining and
heavy industry, shipping, trade exchange and science and techno-
logy. Both sides agreed on. long term agreements which would
safeguard essential supplies to both countries. Co-operation in the
field of mining, where Indo-Polish collaboration is very close,
was reviewed and extended.
The Indo-Rumanian Joint Commission was set up on 14
January 1974, through an exchange of letters in New Delhi
between the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of
Rumania and the Indian Minister of External Affairs. The time
and venue for the first session will be decided upon by mutual
consultation.
Under the aegis of the Indo-Sri Lanka Joint Committee on
economic co-operation, established in June 1968, a Sub-Committee
at official level had been set up in November 1971. The Sub-
Committee held its third meeting in New Delhi in August 1973
and January 1974. A review of the economic, commercial,
technical and scientific co-operation between the two countries
was made and satisfaction was expressed over substantial imple-
mentation of the proposals in this regard.
The Indo-Soviet Joint Commission set up in September 1972,
held its first meeting in February 1973, when a protocol was signed.
Thereafter meetings were held periodically with Soviet officials
to review progress on areas of co-operation agreed upon in the
pg98>
protocol. During the visit of Mr. Leonid Brezhnev, Secretary-
General of the Communist party of the USSR, to India in Novem-
ber 1973, far-reaching economic agreements were signed between
India and the USSR.
India has established joint committees/groups for commercial
and economic co-operation with several member-States of the
European Economic Community, i.e. France, Belgium, Nether-
lands and the U.K. These are mostly in the nature of trade com-
mittees. Certain other member-States like the Federal Republic of
Germany, Belgium, Italy and Denmark have also agreed to set
up or are already operating commercial programmes with India.
India's economic relations with the countries of the EEC received
a further fillip from the visits of Dr. Erhard Eppler, Minister for
Economic Co-operation, Government of the Federal Republic of
Germany and Mr. Giscard d'Estaing, Finance Minister of the
Republic of France in November 1973.
The Commercial Co-operation Agreement recently signed with
the EEC, considered in the context of India's severe adverse
balance of trade with the member-States of the Economic Com-
munity, can be viewed as an instrument for the establishment
of viable trading relationship with the Community. The main
objective is to develop trade relations on the basis of comple-
mentarity of the endowment factors and mutual benefit. Another
complicating factor raising problems in a number of areas of
Indian trade has been the U.K.'s entry into the EEC on 1 Jan-
uary 1973. So far, Indian goods had been receiving preferential
and duty-free entry into the U.K. market. From 1 January 1974,
however, the import regime in the U.K. will change with the
introduction, progressively; of the Common Customs Tariff of
the Community. India is at the moment, seeking safeguard
measures to protect her export-products. The Indian Government
has initialled an Agreement on Jute with the Community under
which the CCT of the Community would be reduced by a 40%
level on 1 January 1974 and by a 60% level on 1 January 1975.
pg99>
At the same time, the EEC has found it possible to continue
duty-free entry of Jute into the U.K. market for 1974 also.
A visit by a delegation of industrialists to Malta was arranged
in December 1973, to explore possibilities of establishing Indo-
Maltese joint ventures. The delegation was sent at the suggestion
of the Government of Malta. The delegation has since returned
and would be submitting a report of their findings shortly.
Under the Programme of Indian Technical and Economic Co-
operation (ITEC) India has been providing technical and economic
assistance to the developing countries particularly in Asia
and Africa and also in Latin America. The ITEC is con-
ditioned by the fact that, although our resources are modest,
we have skilled manpower and fairly advanced training facilities
sufficient to undertake a sustained programme of technical and
economic co-operation. The concept of ITEC is to share our
technological progress and skills with other developing nations.
The Programme envisages the following forms of economic
and technical assistance:
1. Provision of training facilities in India to foreign na-
tionals;
2. Long and short-term deputation of experts abroad.
3. Gifts of capital goods; equipment, drugs, medicines,
etc;
4. Financial assistance for conducting feasibility studies
and techno-economic surveys; and
5. Undertaking specific projects in certain countries.
The programme, which was conceived and inaugurated in
September 1964, has made tremendous strides, as exemplified
pg100>
by the steady increase in the quantum of expenditure incurred
thereunder, as shown below:
Years Rs. (in lakhs)
1964-65 4.46
1965-66 7.45
1966-67 24.66
1967-68 30.00
1968-69 27.57
1969-70 38.40
1970-71 44.86
1971-72 64.87
1972-73 87.59
1973-74 (Estimated) 134.72
A provision of Rs. 3.63 crores has been made in next year's
budget for the Programme to cope with increasing demands for
assistance from the developing countries. This needs to be aug-
mented, from year to year. In order to avoid its limited resources
being thinly spread over a large number of countries, we have
attempted to render the ITEC more effective by resorting to them
principle of selectivity at all levels, in the choice of projects and
in the nature of development. The ITEC has been particularly
designed to ensure that its coverage in the neighbouring count-
ries is effective and that basic economic and commercial inter-
dependence is maintained at a steady level. At the same time, it
places emphasis on countries with which we have either develop-
ed significant relations or which have considerable development
potential. Thirty four countries are covered by the ITEC pro-
gramme out of which substantial co-operation has developed with
Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Fiji, Malaysia, Mauritius, Oman, People's
Democratic Republic of Yemen, Qatar, Somalia, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania and United Arab Emirates. It is of interest to note that
ITEC programme has been extended to some new countries
viz., Burma, Cuba, Ecuador, Malta, Mexico and Peru.
pg101>
The provision of training facilities in our diverse vocational
and technical training institutions and establishments, is one of
the cardinal aspects of the ITEC Programme. We have at pre-
sent about 280 trainees under ITEC during the current year,
from countries as far apart as Cuba to North Vietnam in diverse
fields such as medicine, nursing, handicrafts, teaching, home
science, pharmacy, vocational training, agriculture, civil avi-
ation, small scale industries, forestry, leather technology, sugar
and food technology, cinematography, journalism, architecture
and structural designing, wireless communication, irrigation,
power generation, etc., etc. There are besides several hundred
trainees on self financing basis whose places have been arranged
by this Ministry. In addition, we have trainees from countries
like Nigeria, Zambia, Libya etc. where the sending States have
themselves agreed to meet the costs involved.
Appendix IV gives details of proposals for acceptance of
trainees, some of which may be self-financed.
An equally important aspect of the ITEC Programme is the
deputation of Indian technicians and experts drawn from a
variety of disciplines to developing countries to assist in their
development programmes. Approximately 235 experts (see Ap-
pendix IV) have been deputed abroad so far during the current
year, covering the following fields:
Agriculture, engineering, irrigation and power, medicine, edu-
cation, financial administration, public administration, handloom
technology, handicrafts, weights and measures, co-operative de-
velopment, entomology, agronomy, transportation, small scale
industries, coconut cultivation, railways, fisheries, forestry, voca-
tional instruction, tourism, civil aviation and nautical engineer-
ing, architecture, tea management, cashewnut culture, steno-
graphy, geology, animal husbandry, horticulture, telecommunica-
tions, etc., etc.
Appendix IV gives details of proposals for deputation of
Indian experts presently under consideration.
pg102>
As years roll by, knowledge of the various categories of man-
power, experts and technicians available in India has come to
be fairly widespread among the developing countires. As such
many of them have evinced great interest in recruiting various
kinds of experts and personnel they require for executing their
diverse development programmes. Recruiting teams from
Ethiopia, Fiji, Libya. Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, Iran, Iraq and
Zambia have visited India during the year for recruiting teachers,
doctors, civil, electrical and mechanical engineers and surveyors.
accountancy instructors etc.
In addition there are a number of requests for recruitment of
personnel on direct contract basis, from various developing count-
ries under consideration. There are several hundreds of Indian
experts serving abroad recruited by foreign Governments. Com-
mencing from early 1973, all requests even for direct recruitment,
by foreign Governments, are channelized through the Ministry
of External Affairs. The selecting teams are assisted in the
presentation of panels of names for interview and in the selection
process. About 400 Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Surveyors, etc.,
have been selected by the Recruiting Teams for employment on
direct personal contract basis this year.
Under the ITEC Programme, the Government of India has also
gifted/donated capital goods, equipment and machinery besides
medical stores, books and publications, etc. Examples of such
donation gifts are given in Appendix IV.
A number of feasiblity studies were undertaken and techno-
economic surveys carried out in various countries during the
year. A feasibility-cum-cost study of the Baghdad-Hasaibah-
Aqasha railway line in Iraq was conducted and the report is ex-
pected to be ready soon, Besides, a delegation of officials from the
C.P.W.D. visited Iraq to study the possibilities of Indo-Iraqi
collaboration in the field of construction.
A feasibility study has been carried out in Mauritius, in August
1973, for setting up of an Industrial Estate and its report is
under consideration.
pg103>
Feasibility studies have been conducted in Zanzibar, in small
scale industries, modernization of dock and harbour facilities,
T.V. & Broadcasting, low cost housing and manufacture of
Mangalore tiles, and re-organisation of retail stores.
In Malaysia, in the State of Negri Sembilan, feasibility studies
have been conducted for the establishment of a Technical Train-
ing Institute and separately a techno-economic survey has been
carried out.
A Techno-economic survey of the Gulf States has been con-
ducted by teams of officials.
Teams of experts from the Engineering Projects (India) Ltd.,
conducted studies in connection with the setting up of rubber-
based industries in Sri Lanka.
A techno-economic survey of Sudan by the Engineering Pro-
jects (India) Ltd., was proposed to be conducted in December
1973, in the fields of cement, sugar, textile, fruit and vegetable
canning, caustic soda, sulphuric acid and for the establishment
of an industrial estate.
Small scale industries survey of Tanzania has been carried
out.
A two-man team was deputed to Qatar for conducting studies
in underground water resources.
A four-member Planning Advisory Delegation which visited
Kabul in November 1973, has advised the Government of
Afghanistan about the manner whereby existing arrangements
in the field of plan formulation, co-ordination, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation can be strengthened and develop-
ment strategy reoriented to meet national objectives.
Feasibility studies are proposed to be undertaken next year
for the establishment of a cotton spinning mill in Laos and for
setting up an Indian Telephone Industry unit in Mauritius.
pg104>
Apart from the above activities, 38 scholarships have been
provided for the current year, under the ITEC Programme for
Afro-Asian and Latin American countries in specific interna-
tional courses conducted by the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade,
National Building Organization, Indian Standards Institution,
Institute of Parliamentary Studies, Small Industries Extension
Training Institute, the Water Resources Training Centre, Univer-
sity of Roorkee, and the Institute of Secretariat Management and
Training. We have offered an equal number of scholarships in
these courses, for the next year as well.
The idea of more effective regional co-operation within the
Asian region has been gaining ground and various committees
and sub-committees of the ECAFE showed activity in the fields
of metals and engineering and statistics (meetings held in New
Delhi), economic development and planning, tourism, export
promotion, meteorological surveys, problems of land-locked
countries, water resources, rural housing, the Mekong Project,
programming techniques, transfer of technology, water transport,
the Asian Highway, etc. Some progress has also been made in
the trade negotiations group in discussing mutual tariff conces-
sions in specified commodities.
The 29th session of the ECAFE was held in Tokyo in April
1973. The new Executive Secretary of the ECAFE, Mr. J. B. P.
Maramis paid a visit to India in December 1973. A review of the
ECAFE structure is under way. India continues to take keen
interest in all projects of regional co-operation under the ECAFE.
India became an original signatory member of the Asian Rice
Trade Fund and subscribed to the Asian Clearing Union set up
in 1973.
pg105> |
External Publicity |
Top |
Jan 01, 1973
CHAPTER X
EXTERNAL PUBLICITY
The External Publicity Division worked to promote under-
standing, sympathy and support for India's foreign policy and
project a balanced and objective image of the country abroad.
This involved maintaining close contact with the Indian and
foreign press, informing Indian Missions of developments at
home, supplying films and other audio-visual material to the
Missions, and sending out to them photographs, articles, pam-
phlets, books and exhibition material.
During this year there was interest in the international media
on issues and developments in the South Asian sub-continent,
as also in the economic situation in India consequent on the
drought. Our external publicity emphasised India's earnestness
to resolve the problems left over from the December 1971 war,
and her contribution to the successful outcome of the Indo-
Pakistan talks in August 1973. Measures were also taken to
fight adverse and mischievous propaganda on developments in
India. Several of these measures on both these subjects were
successful in obtaining better understanding and publicity.
The year also saw the termination of the 25th Independence
Anniversary celebrations. Indian Missions worked in co-ordina-
pg106>
tion with local citizens, the press, academic bodies and Govern-
ments, and with the Indian communities abroad to arrange
celebrations in more than 120 centres and capitals all over the
world. In scores of capitals and other large and industrial, centres,
a photographic exhibition depicting India's progress over the
last 25 years, was put up. Several Missions supplemented the
photographs with a display of Indian books; art and handicrafts.
Twenty cultural troupes featuring prominent artistes visited 34
capitals including Kabul, Canberra, Dacca, Brussels, Thimpu,
Havana, Berlin, The Hague, Hong Kong, Budapest, Sofia, Tokyo,
Kuala Lumpur, Mexico City, Kathmandu, Manila, Singapore,
Madrid, Bangkok, Rangoon, Prague, Suva, Paris, Port Louis,
Warsaw, Bucharest, Port-of-Spain, Tunis, Moscow, Caracas,
Belgrade. Tripoli, Tehran and Valetta. Judging from press
reviews, they obviously created an impact wherever they went.
particularly in places where people had not been exposed to
Indian music and dance before. The Division also arranged for
an exhibition of the best modern Indian art to tour the United
States (Washington DC and San Francisco) and Canada (Toronto).
In addition, an exhibition of modern Indian art visited Brazil
and Venezuela. The National Museum arranged for an exhibition
of miniatures in Hong Kong and Tokyo. Sixty-eight newspapers
all over the world put out special supplements in honour of
India besides the coverage major newspapers gave the celebra-
tions, more than 161 of these with feature articles and editorials
on India. In addition, the Division invited 57 press, radio and
television delegations from abroad to cover the Indian scene to-
day. Coverage which resulted from these visits was, on the whole,
balanced.
Other special activities of the year included the following:
(1) The supply to the Missions concerned of 5 publicity films
on the visits of foreign dignitaries to India (the visits of the
Prime Ministers of Poland, Mongolia and Yugoslavia, the First
Vice-President of Tanzania and Madame Farideh Diba of Iran).
The film on. the visit of the King of Nepal is under production.
(2) Supply of special documentary and some feature films to the
pg107>
concerned Missions for advance publicity on the eve of State
visits of the President, Vice-President and Prime Minister of
India. A special documentary film "A Tradition of Goodwill"
with reference to Indo-Sri Lanka relations, went to the Indian
High Commission in Colombo for screening on the eve of the
Prime Minister's visit there. Another T. V. Film was produced
and sent to the High Commission in Ottawa in connection with
the Prime Minister's visit to Canada. For the Non-aligned
Summit at Algiers, a special documentary, "Non-alignment for
Peace and Prosperity" was produced and supplied for screening
during the Conference. Several other films were also supplied
for the purpose. (3) The tour of the "Nehru and New India"
Exhibition in South America. The exhibition was a great success
in Santiago, Bogota, Port of Spain and Georgetown, and resulted
in a considerable amount of favourable publicity and press
interest in India.
The Ministry's regular publicity work continued throughout
the year under review, under the following heads:
Press work--Indian and foreign pressmen were regularly
briefed when Parliament was not in session. The Head of the
XP Division is the ex-officio Spokesman of the Ministry. Even
when Parliament is in session, as before, the Official Spokesman
is available to journalists for background information, on request.
Eighty two journalists were invited to cover India's develop-
ment effort. This was over and above the 53 foreign pressmen
invited in connection with the 25th Independence Anniversary
celebrations. One hundred and twenty eight visiting members of
radio and TV teams from abroad were provided with logistic
facilities. One hundred and ten Indian journalists were also
provided facilities to visit foreign countries. Some of these visits
took place under the cultural exchange programmes between
India and other countries. Two hundred and thirty four foreign
journalists were also given facilities to visit India. A teleprinter
link was maintained with 64 Missions for quick transmission
of developments at home in all fields. The Missions received
pg108>
two transmissions a day. Other Missions received important
news items by press cables or by diplomatic bag. These newscasts
provided Indian Missions abroad with timely and indispensable
materials for their daily or periodic publicity bulletins. The
Government of India issued 374 press releases based on material
received from the Missions abroad and from the Territorial
Divisions of the Ministry. Journalists and other media represen-
tatives, both Indian and foreign, and the Transmission Unit of
this Division used this material. The World Press Review was
published daily. The Review was based on cables and despatches
received from our Missions and contained news, comments and
editorials from the foreign press of interest to India.
Audio-visual publicity--The Government of India approved 56
documentary films for external publicity. Seven hundred and
thirty three prints of films were supplied to the Missions. Four
hundred and fifty prints of 9 selected colour documentaries pro-
cessed in the U.K. are ready for despatch. The Government is
arranging the purchase of 10 prints each of 10 selected award-
winning feature films in different regional languages. The prints
will be sub-titled in different foreign languages and sent cut to
our Missions. The Ministry supplied four 16 mm films projectors
to the Missions in Doha, Somalia, Sofia and Amman, and a tape-
recorder, record player and public address system to the High
Commission in Lagos. Forty gramophone records of Indian Instru-
mental and vocal music were also supplied to various Missions
abroad.
Exhibitions and Cultural Work--Assistance was given to Mis-
sions in putting up exhibitions in Argentina, Canada, France,
Hong Kong, Laos, Lebanon, Mexico, Panama, Poland, Thailand,
Turkey, Syria, the U.K. and Zambia. For this purpose the Divi-
sion supplied 667 books, 243 photographs, 428 paintings, 76
posters. 8 postal stamps, 4 film strips and 12 dolls. Some of these
exhibitions were of a general nature and highlighted development
work in the country. Other exhibitions had specialised themes
like children's paintings, children's books, agriculture and so on,
and appropriate material was sent. The Missions abroad were
pg109>
also assisted in organising Children's day painting competitions.
Articles for presentation and prizes for the purpose were sent to
the Missions in Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Moscow, Panama,
Port Louis, San Francisco, Suva, Tokyo and Algiers.
Print Publicity--A regular supply of material to the Missions
was kept up through the Production Unit. The Ministry pub-
lished the fortnightlies "Indian & Foreign Review" in English
and "Courrier de l'Inde" in French, and the monthly "Foreign
Affairs Record", incorporating agreements, treaties and other
formal documents signed by India. Twenty one pamphlets were
produced on various aspects of India today for distribution
through Indian Missions. Articles and photographs were sup-
plied to the Missions abroad which together brought out 21
periodicals in local languages and a short biography of the
Prime Minister in French, Swahili, Arabic and Spanish. Some
of these articles were also reproduced in the local press. Fifteen
feature articles on various subjects for publication on Indepen-
dence Day, Republic Day and other occasions were commission-
ed. Individual requests from Missions abroad for articles and
photographs on subjects of specialised interest were met in addi-
tion to all other material sent out.
In addition, Missions were supplied 120 different Indian news-
papers and journals for distribution. The Division also sent out a
selection of Indian books for use in the Mission's libraries and
for local presentation.
The External Publicity Division worked in close co-ordination
with other concerned Ministries and Departments of the Govern-
ment of India. These included the Commercial Publicity Wing
of the Ministry of Commerce, the Department of Culture, the
Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Information and Broad-
casting and its various media units, i.e. All India Radio, special-
ly its External Services Division, the Press Information Bureau,
the Photo Division, the Films Division, the Directorate of Publi-
cations Division. and the Directorate of Advertising and Visual
Publicity.
pg110>
|
Cultural Relations |
Top |
CHAPTER XI
CULTURAL RELATIONS
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations took concrete steps
to strengthen India's cultural relations with other countries.
Among the large number of distinguished scholars, writers
and artists from foreign countries who visited India on the invi-
tation of ICCR or were looked after by the Council during
their visit were: Miss Lucrecia Kasilag, Director of Performing
Arts, Cultural Centre of the Philippines; Professors Abdul
Razzak and Jainul Abedin, Bangladesh; Mr. Ronnie de Mel,
M.P., Sri Lanka; a three-member delegation of Rabita al-Islami
from Saudi Arabia; Mrs. Mariyam Harris of the United King-
dom; a thirtysix-member French students delegation from
1' Association des Hautes Etudes Internationales, Paris; Professor
Juan R. Francisco, Professor of Indian Studies, University of the
Philippines, and Dr. Nagasura T. Madale, Institute of Asian
Studies, Mindanao State University, the Philippines; a four-
member writers delegation from the Soviet Union; and Mr.
Gennady Pechnikov, Director and Actor of Children's Theatre,
Moscow.
Indian scholars, writers and artists were sent abroad on good-
will-cum-lecture tours. These included Professors Sisir Kumar
pg111>
Ghosh of Santiniketan, to Japan and Thailand; Dr. Vishal Singh
of Jawaharlal Nehru University, to Indonesia and Malaysia; Shri
Sadashiv Sathe, sculptor, to Britain; Dr. Malati Jadhav of the
Christian Medical College, Vellore, to Sri Lanka; Dr. Maqbool
Ahmed of Aligarh Muslim University, to Afghanistan; Shri
Habib Tanvir M.P., to Iran and Turkey; Shri S. Balachandar,
Veena player, to Japan; Professor V. P. Dutt, Pro-Vice
Chancellor, University of Delhi, Professor S. C. Dube, Indian
Institute of Advance Studies, and Dr. A. M. Khusro, Institute of
Economic Growth to Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany, for
participation in a Seminar on India and Indo-German Relations;
Professor C. D. Narasimhaiah, University of Mysore, to Indo-
nesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan; and Shri Shanti
P. Chowdhury, Documentary film-maker, to Britain.
Delegations of performing artistes were sent to neighbouring
countries including Bhutan and Nepal. Cultural delegations were
also sent to Afghanistan and Mauritius to give performances.
Exhibitions of Indian Art and Handicrafts were sent abroad
for display. Among these were Shri Biren De's painting June
1973 for the Biennale in Sydney (Australia), an exhibition of
replicas of bronzes and reproductions of Indian paintings, masks,
puppets and folk paintings to Hungary and an exhibition of
contemporary Indian paintings to Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Belgium
and Poland.
Indian books and art objects were presented through the Indian
missions abroad to libraries and educational institutions in 46
countries.
The ICCR continued to bring out its journals as part of the
programme of publication of books and periodicals. These are
Rencontre avec l'Inde (French quarterly), Indian Horizons
(English quarterly), Peoples de la India (Spanish quarterly),
Thaqafat-ul-Hind (Arabic quarterly) and Cultural News from
India (English bi-monthly).
pg112>
In connection with the Essay Competitions organised by two
Indian Missions on subjects relating to India, ICCR sent Indian
books and handicrafts for presentation to the winners of the
competitions.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding
is administered by ICCR. The Awards for the year 1971 and
1972 have been made by the Jury to President Tito of
Yugoslavia and M. Andre Malraux of France respectively. At a
special ceremony held on Jan 25, 1974 at Vigyan Bhavan,
New Delhi, the President Shri V. V. Giri, presented the Award
to President Tito in the presence of a large and distinguished
gathering which included the Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira
Gandhi. The Citation was read by Vice-President Shri G. S.
Pathak who is the Chairman of the Jury for the Award. Sardar
Swaran Singh, Minister of External Affairs and President of the
Council spoke on the occasion and President Tito replied.
The welfare of foreign students in India continued to engage
the attention of ICCR. Over 2,400 foreign students were helped
in arrangements to visit places of historical and cultural
interest in India. A total of 195 foreign students from 28
countries attended the four ICCR Summer Camps organised
in Kashmir and in the South (Ooty, Mysore and Bangalore). A
study tour to Dehra Dun and Mussoorie for foreign students in
and around Delhi was arranged. Forty-nine students from 14
countries participated in a study tour of Rajasthan.
Prizes were awarded to four winners of the ICCR Essay
Competition on "Twentyfive years of Indian Independence".
"Home hospitality" was arranged in Madras for a eightyseven-
member Japanese youth good-will mission.
A revised and enlarged edition of the handbook Studying in
India was published and distributed to foreign students. About
1,000 students were met on first arrival in India and given
assistance in regard to accommodation, travel etc. Orientation
Courses were conducted in different parts of the country for
pg113>
newly arrived foreign sutdents as well as for Indian students
going abroad. The number of Foreign Students Advisers
appointed by ICCR in collaboration with Universities and other
institutes of higher learning totals 35.
Under the Orientation Programme for Indian and Foreign
scholars, three orientation courses were conducted by ICCR,
one for Indian scholars and technologists going abroad, another
for medical doctors proceeding on a professional tour, and the
third for I.F.S. probationers.
Presently ICCR has Chairs/Centres of Indian Studies in
Afghanistan, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Poland,
Rumania, Senegal, Thailand, Trinidad and Yugoslavia. More
Chairs are under consideration, ICCR Visiting Professors in
Singapore and Laos have completed their assignments.
ICCR is actively engaged in co-operation with the
Jawaharlal Nehru University and the National Council of
Educational Research and Training in the Scheme for Improve-
ment of Source Material, and the pilot project for producing
suitable reading material on India in different foreign languages
for school children and university students in other countries is
under way.
The programme for opening Indian Cultural Centres abroad,
designed to promote greater awareness and appreciation of our
cultural heritage and of our achievements in social, economic,
scientific and cultural fields since independence, was expanded.
Apart from developing and strengthening the Cultural Centres
already set up in Suva (Fiji), Georgetown (Guyana) and San
Francisco (U.S.A.) proposals are under consideration to open
more Centres in the near future.
ICCR played an effective role in the implementation of the
various decisions of the Central Cultural Committee regarding
cultural activities of foreign Missions/Organisations. Under the
framework instituted by the Government. of India, ICCR was
pg114>
associated with the running of Cultural Centres of foreign
diplomatic Missions in places where they have no diplomatic/
consular presence, and those of autonomous cultural organisations
depending on foreign governments for financial assistance and
support.
ICCR took over the management of the seven British
Council Libraries in Bangalore, Bhopal, Lucknow, Patna, Poona,
Ranchi and Trivandrum; the Thoreau Book Corner in Kanpur
and the Robert Frost Book Corner in Shillong of the USIS
and the House of Soviet Culture in Trivandrum. ICCR is also
co-operating with the Max Muller Bhavans, Alliance Francaise
and the Educational Resources Centre of the New York State
University.
In association with the Department of Culture, ICCR was
engaged in the organisation and presentation of exhibitions and
performing arts groups from abroad. In collaboration with the
Australian Government, ICCR sponsored two performances of
the Australian Ballet in New Delhi. An exhibition of Industrial
Design from the Federal Republic of Germany was arranged in
Delhi, Bombay and Madras.
An Academic Exchange Unit was established in the Council
which will provide information to Universities and institutes of
higher learning within India and abroad about terms of Indian
scholars overseas and visits of Foreign scholars to India.
The nomination scheme under which the Ministry has been
assisting, for the past several years, self-financing students from
developing countries in Africa and Asia to secure admissions in
Medical and Engineering colleges in India, was continued this
year. Under this scheme, seats are reserved by the Ministries of
Health and Education in Medical and Engineering Colleges all
over India and are placed at the disposal of the Ministry of
External Affairs. The categories of foreign students who are
covered under the nomination scheme include students of Indian
origin domiciled in foreign countries.
pg115>
During the year 1973, the Ministry arranged admissions of a
total of 284 foreign students as against 266 in 1972. 88 of these
were admitted to Medical Colleges and 196 to Engineering
Colleges. There were 37 students from Africa, 78 from West
Asia, 98 from South East Asia, 23 from Sri Lanka, 41 from
Nepal and 7 from other countries. In view of the South African
Government's decision not to recognise the Indian Medical
degrees after 31 December 1978, it has been decided not to
nominate any students from South Africa this year as they would
not be able to practice the profession on return to South Africa.
pg116> |
Protocol Matters |
Top |
CHAPTER XII
PROTOCOL MATTERS
The status of the Consulates of the German Democratic-
Republic in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras was raised to that
of Consulates-General with effect from Apr 10, 1973.
The nomenclature of the Australian Deputy High Commissions
at Bombay and Calcutta was changed to Consulates-General,
with effect from 13 May 1973.
On the arrival of Mr. Vincente Crespo Ordonez, as the first
resident Charge d'Affaires, the Government of Ecuador opened
their first resident Mission in New Delhi on 20 May 1973.
The Honorary Consulate of Peru in Bombay, which was
closed down in May 1970, was re-established in November 1973.
The Consulates-General of the Democratic People's Republic
of Korea and the Republic of Korea became Embassies of the
D.P.R.K. and the R.O.K. respectively with effect from 10
December 1973, in accordance with the decision reached by
the Government of India and the two Korean Governments to
establish diplomatic relations at Embassy level.
pg117> |
Passport, Visa And Consular Services |
Top |
CHAPTER XIII
PASSPORT, VISA AND CONSULAR SERVICES
Various suggestions from Passport Issuing Authorities, State
Governments, and prominent members of the public, for
improving the performance of the Passport Offices are continously
being kept in view, and the Rules are being modified wherever
necessary, so as to ensure progressively better service. A leaflet
containing Notes for the General Guidance of Applicants for
Passport was prepared and circulated to all District Authorities.
Steps are under way for the printing of passport applications in
Hindi along with English, for the convenience of the general
public.
As already slated in the previous year's Report, issue of
India-Bangladesh Passports commenced from Sep 01, 1972.
The total number of India-Bangladesh Passports issued during
the period under report was 40,249.
The number of passport applications carried over from the
previous year plus those received during the period covered by
this report was 2,77,139. Against this, 2,01,308 passports were
issued. Only 41 passport applications. were rejected. About 71,079
applications were awaiting disposal pending completion of certain
prescribed formalities or enquiries.
pg118>
3,104 official passports and 672 diplomatic-passports were
issued. The number of other services rendered on such passports
during the year were 1,769 and 562 respectively. Official and
diplomatic visas were issued to 2,847 foreigners.
In pursuance of the Indian Emigration Act, 1922, the
Protectors of Emigrants registered and offered assistance to
1,866 departing skilled workers including domestic servants.
Emigration of unskilled workers continued to be disallowed.
During the period under report, the Regional Passport Offices
in India received Rs. 78,67,152 as fees for rendering passport
services.
The Central Passport and Emigration Organisation, a
subordinate establishment of the Ministry of External Affairs,
comprising seven Regional Passport Offices at Bombay, Calcutta,
Delhi, Madras, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Chandigarh carried
out the work of granting passports to Indian citizens, and identity
certificates in appropriate cases. The offices at Madras, Bombay,
Calcutta and Delhi also attended to emigration work and officers
of appropriate rank in these offices function as Protectors of
Emigrants for carrying out the duties assigned to them under the
Indian Emigration Act, 1922. In addition, two emigration sub-
offices, each under the charge of a Protector of Emigrants, func-
tioned at Nagapattinam and Mandapam Camp in Tamil Nadu.
The total sanctioned strength of the Central Passport and
Emigration Organisation is as follows:
Regional Passport Officers-7, Assistant Passport Officers
-6, Public Relations Officers-9, Superintendents-18,
Non-gazetted office staff-307, and class TV staff-112.
In view of abnormal increase in the receipt of passport
applications in the Regional Passport and Emigration Offices at
Madras, Bombay, Ahmedabad and Calcutta, on-the-spot work
studies were conducted by the Internal Staff Inspection Unit
pg119>
of this Ministry and its reports and recommendations for
additional staff are being processed in consultation with the
authorities concerned. A decision is expected shortly on the
proposal to open a Regional Passport Office in Kerala State.
Government have decided to centralise the work relating to
recognition of travel agencies in India by forming a Central
Committee comprising representatives from the Ministry of
External Affairs, Department of Tourism of the Ministry of
Shipping. and Transport, and the Reserve Bank of India. This
will replace the present system of separate recognition of travel
agencies by different departments of the Government
The Consular Section co-ordinates consular functions of Indian
Missions abroad.
During the period, 74 cases of repatriation and 78 cases of
deportation were handled. Besides the past cases, seven fresh
cases of extradition are being processed. 147 references connected
with the registration as Indian citizens were processed in
consultation with the Ministry of Home Affairs. Besides dealing
with several cases relating to the deaths of Indian nationals
abroad, 41 cases of estates of deceased Indians are being looked
into. Transmission of legal documents and service of summons
on persons residing abroad have also been undertaken. Reciprocal
arrangements for examination of witnesses are being worked out
with the Federal Republic of Germany and Czechoslovakia.
About 7,000 judicial and commercial documents, required to be
produced abroad, have been authenticated. The Consular Section
also rendered assistance in resolving matrimonial disputes,
tracing the whereabouts of Indians and foreigners, and verifying
the authenticity of documents and certificates.
A Consular Convention was signed with the U.S.S.R. It
generally embodies the arrangements already existing between
the two countries and conforms to the international practice in
the matter.
pg120> |
Administration And Organisation |
Top |
CHAPTER XIV
ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANISATION
Sardar Swaran Singh was the Minister of External Affairs
and Shri Surendra Pal Singh, the Minister of State, throughout
the year.
There was no change at the level of Secretaries and Additional
Secretaries. Shri Kewal Singh continued as Foreign Secretary.
Shri V. C. Trivedi and Shri Avtar Singh continued as Secretary
(East) and Secretary (West) respectively. S/Shri B. K. Sanyal
and M. A. Rehman continued as Additional Secretaries.
The IFS Committee (Pillai Committee) envisaged expansion
of IFS cadre to about 550 over a period of 10 years. Against
this the present strength is 529. During 1973-74, 12 Officers were
on deputation to other Ministries/etc.-two in the Department of
Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, three in the Ministry of
Commerce, two in the Cabinet Secretariat, one in the Ministry
of Education, one in the Planning Commission, one with the
Indian Council for Cultural Relations, one on the Senior Ins-
tructing Staff of the National Defence College and one among
the Officer Trainees in the Jawaharlal Nehru University. It was
not possible to depute more officers to work in other Ministries/
pg121>
Departments of the Government of India due to the shortages
in the Cadre.
The Ministry is now responsible for the administration of 117
Missions (including 4 special Missions in Bhutan, New York
and Geneva, as well as Special Officer Sikkim) with a total staff
strength of 561 Officers and 2612 staff including local staff. A
list of Indian Missions/Posts abroad opened- in 1973-74 is given
in Appendix VI.
Resident Ambassadors were posted to Muscat, Abu Dhabi,
Bahrain, Sanaa, Lima and Caracas. Embassies have replaced
Consulates General at Seoul and Pyongyang. The Vice-Consulate
of India, Geneva, was upgraded to the level of Consulate, Deputy
High Commission of India, Sydney was re-designated as Consu-
late-General of India, Sydney. The I.C.S.C. in Vietnam adjourn-
ed sine die. It has been decided to open another Assistant High
Commission in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
The normal expenditure of the Ministry during 1973-74, is
estimated to be of the order of Rs. 7544.82 lakhs, details of
which are given below:-
(Rs. in lakhs)
Headquarters 283.12
Missions/Posts abroad. 1326.90
Other Items
Contribution to the United Nations & Commonwealth Secretariat 210.68
Central Passport A Emigration Organisations 45.51
other Miscellaneous Items 1275.41
Subsidies and Aid
Subsidy to Sikkim 622.25
Subsidy to Bhutan 1337.50
Aid to Nepal 822.73
Aid to other developing countries in Asia and Africa.. 120.00
Aid to Bangladesh 1247.00
pg122
Other Items
External Affairs Hostel 2.20
ICM Directorate (Nepal) 11.75
Grants-in-aid, contribution etc. 239.97
TOTAL 7544.82
Details of sub-head-wise expenditure on Headquarters, Mis-
sions/Posts abroad and on External Publicity are given in
Appendix V.
The expenditure of Rs. 13.27 crores on our Missions/Posts
abroad is small compared to the total expenditure of about
Rs. 279.44 crores incurred on Administration Services from the
Central Revenues. It works out to 0.54 per cent of the Govern-
ment's total disbursements from Revenue.
Our Missions have a minimum staff and run at low cost
compared to Missions of most other countries. The staffing and
expenditure patterns are kept under constant review to ensure
utmost economy consistent with functional effectiveness. Eco-
nomy measures instituted I earlier years in pursuance of the
Prime Minister's directives to economise to the maximum extent
possible in non-plan expenditure continued to be operative
during the year. However, decisions to expand India's represen-
tation have stretched the resources of the present experienced
staff. The position has been more difficult because unlike those
of some other foreign services, the Ministry's establishment does
not include a suitable provision to provide flexibility to meet
unexpected needs.
During the year, the Foreign Service Inspectors carried out
inspection of our Missions in 11 stations viz. Kathmandu,
Gangtok, Thimpu, Paris, London, New York, Washington, San
Francisco, Ottawa, Mexico and Bangkok and made a number
of recommendations regarding staffing patterns, rationalisation
pg123>
of work, foreign allowance etc. with accent on economy
consistent with efficiency. Foreign Service Inspectors recom-
mended a reduction of 124 posts in these stations, and the
anticipated saving will be Rs. 40 lakhs approximately.
At present, Government own chanceries in 13 countries, resi-
dences of Heads of Missions in 26 countries, and staff residences
in 11 countries. Since property values and rentals at most
overseas stations have been rising sharply, a programme was
established early in the financial year to purchase or construct
houses for officers and staff and chanceries at some posts but due
to financial constraints, this did not materialize to the extent
envisaged. Construction of offices and residences for our Repre-
sentative and other members of Indian Missions in Thimpu is in
progress. Construction of a few flats for our officers in Tokyo has
also been approved. Besides, Government have agreed in princi-
ple to purchase the Chancery building in The Hague and a resi-
dence for our Permanent Representative in New York. Govern-
ment have also approved the purchase of site for offices and
residences in Lusaka and Bangkok.
The Ministry had direct Teleprinter/Telex links with 43 Indian
Missions/Posts abroad and similar links were established during
the year with 8 more Missions/Post; abroad viz. Dar-es-Salaam,
Ankara, Panama, Rome, Stockholm, Suva, Sydney and The
Hague.
Routine work measurement studies of three Territorial Divi-
sions, viz. Africa, Americas and Southern Divisions, were carried
out in May 1973. On-the-spot work study of four of the seven
Regional Passport Offices was also carried out by the Internal
Work Study Unit during March-April 1973.
The Welfare Unit in the Ministry looks after the general welfare
of all the officials serving at headquarters and in Missions abroad;
but it has not been possible so far to tackle satisfactorily major
difficulties such as children's education, accommodation etc., of
the officials posted in India.
pg124>
Efforts to increase the progressive use of Hindi in the official
work of the Ministry as well as in Indian Missions abroad and
Regional Passport Offices were continued. Passport application
forms printed in Hindi and English are being made available for
the public by all the Regional Passport Offices and other authori-
ties concerned. The Official Language Implementation Committee
of the Ministry kept watch over the implementation of the
instructions of the Ministry of Home Affairs on the use of Hindi
and suggested various measures in this respect. Committees have
also been set up in the Regional Passport Offices to. ensure the
progressive use of Hindi. Necessary arrangements are being made
to impart training in Hindi noting and drafting to the staff in the
Hindi work-shop which will be set up shortly in the Ministry. A
short-term training programme in Hindi for IFS(A) officers is
also under consideration.
During the year under review some more treaties and agree-
ments were signed in Hindi. When the Soviet Delegation visited
New Delhi in November 1973, all Agreements and the Consular
Convention were prepared and signed in Hindi and English
simultaneously. A printed booklet in diglot form containing the
terminology used in the field of international treaties and agree-
ments was brought out and distributed to all Ministries/Depart-
ments of the Government of India. Arrangements are also being
made for the vetting of treaties and agreements drafted in Hindi
by other Ministries and Departments.
In pursuance of the decision of the Kendriya Hindi Samiti, a
sub-committee of the Samiti was set up under the Chairmanship
of the Foreign Minister and Vice-Chairmanship of the Minister
of State for External Affairs to advise the Ministry on matters
relating to the use of Hindi and its progress.
The work of propagation of Hindi abroad continued to make
progress during the year under the frame-work of the 'Scheme for
propagation of Hindi abroad' through our Missions in the coun-
tries included in the Scheme. Hindi books worth rupees one lakh
pg125>
approximately were sent to the Missions in these countries for
setting up Hindi libraries there. Our Missions in Mauritius and
Fiji have been doing very well in this direction with the help of
Hindi Officers, and are providing necessary guidance and assis-
tance to the local Hindi voluntary organisations in their pro-
grammes for bringing out Hindi newspapers, preparing curriculam
for Hindi teaching and conducting examinations on the completion
of the courses and in organising other literary and cultural
activities like Kavi Sammelans and staging Hindi dramas etc.
pg126>
Jan 01, 1973 |
Appendix I International Conferences, Congresses, Seminars |
Top |
APPENDIX I
International Conferences, Congresses, Seminars etc., in which
India participated in 1973-74
A.ABROAD
Serial Conferences etc. participated Nature of Foreign ex-
No. participa- change com-
tion ponent
1 2 3 4
1 Colloquium on Advanced Methodologies for Official
Agriculture Project and Policy, Washington.
Jan 08, 1973 -9 February 1973.
2 21st Session Under ECAFE Transport " Rs. 1987.00
Management Commission, Bangkok. 9-16
January 1973.
3 8th Session of the International Bureau of " Rs. 2071.79
Education, Geneva. 16-19 Jan. 1973.
4 9th Meeting of the Standing Technical Sub- " Rs. 640. 00
Committee for South East Asia and Pacific
Region, Bangkok. 17-19 January 1973.
5 Meeting of UNCITRAL Working Group on " Rs. 2038.20
International sale of Goods, New York.
22 January-2 Februry 1973.
6 Meeting of the Advisory Group of the Inter- " Rs. 5008.50
natinal Sugar Organisation, London.
22-26 January 1973.
7 25th Session of the UN Commission on "
Narcotic Drugs, Geneva. 22 January -9
February 1973.
8 Meeting of the Technical Advisory Commit- "
tee to the Consultative Group on Interna-
tional Agricultural Research, Rome.
30 January-2 February, 1973.
9 Annual Programme Review Meeting and "
Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees at
IRRI, Los Banos (Philippines). 31 January
-2 February 1973.
10 Commonwealth Youth Ministers Conference, " Rs. 9780.46
Lusaka. Jan.-Feb. 1973.
11 Meeting of UNCITRAL Working Group on "
International Shipping Legislation, New Rs. 8361.40
York. 5-16 February 1973.
APPENDIX I -- contd.
1 2 3 4
12 1st Meeting of ISO/TC23/SC7-Equipment for Official Rs. 1082.90
Harvesting and Conservation Sub-Commit-
tee of Agricultural Tractors and Machinery,
Rome. 6-7 February 1973.
13 189th Session of the Governing Body of " Rs. 6808.00
ILO Geneva. 8 February-2 March 1973.
14 FAO Technical Conference on Fishery "
Development, Vancouver. 10-23 February
1978.
15 23rd Session of the UN Commission for " Rs. 10548.00
Social Development, New York. 12
February-2 March 73.
16 International Convention on Trade in certain " Rs. 8422.14
Species of wild life, Washington.
16 February-2 March 1973.
17 UNESCO Experts meeting to study working " Expenditure
documents on the items of General Con- by UNESCO
ference dealing with Instruments for
Analysis of Culture. 20-24 February 1973.
18 6th Session of FAO Inter-Governmental " Rs. 3482.25
Group on Jute Kenaf and Allied Fibres,
Rome. 21-23 February 1973.
19 29th Session of UN Commission on Human " Rs. 30100.00
Rights, Geneva. 26 February-6 April
1973.
20 Annual Conference of Pacific Area Travel " Rs. 8610.00
Association, Tokyo. February 1973.
21 Meeting of the UN Sea-bed Committee, " Rs. 20220.00
New York. 5 March-6 April 1973.
22 UNIDO/IRRI Regional Study and Expert "
Group Meeting on the Design and Manufac-
ture of Wet land Rice Mechanisation
Machinery in the developing countries of
Asia and Far East, Philippines.
12-17 March 1973.
23 4th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Con- " Rs. 907.17
ference Rotorua (New Zealand). 12-16
March 1973.
24 First Session of the UN Committee on Science " Rs. 12590.00
and Technology for development, New York.
12-30 March, 1973.
25 FAO Expert Consultation on Animal "
Genetic Resources, Nanzilly (France).
19-24 March 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
26 12th Session of the Legal Sub-Committee Official Nil
of the Committee of Peaceful uses of Outer-
space at New York. 26 March to 12 April
1973.
27 Commonwealth Sugar Agreement Ministerial "
Level consultations, London. 28-29 March
1973.
28 South Asia Regional Travel Commission, " Rs. 1165.00
Colombo. March 1978.
29 3rd Meeting of IPFC/Working Party on "
Economics of Agriculture, Bangkok. 2-5
April 1973.
30 Conference on waves and instabilities in " US$ 618.00
Plasma, Austria. 2-7 April 1973.
31 6th Session of UNCITRAL, Geneva. 2-18 " Rs. 9119.75
April 1973.
32 International Council of Combustion Engineers " Rs. 2982.00
Washington. 5-9 April, 1973.
33 Annual Meeting of CIMMYT, Mexico. 8-12 "
April 73.
34 3rd Session of FAP Sub-Committee on " Rs. 2882.25
Fisheries Education and Training, Rome.
9-17 April 1973.
35 Expert Consultation and Development of a "
Co-operative Planning for Better Family
Living Programme, Paris. 9-14 April
1973.
36 International Conference for the Support "
of victims of colonialism and apartheid in
South Africa, Oslo. 9-14 April 1973.
37 62ad Session of the Mekong Committee, " Rs. 1570.00
Tokyo, 11-24 April 1973.
38 Seminar on Regional Approaches to Agri- "
cultural Development Planning, Philip-
pines. 15-21 April 1973.
39 Seminar on Agriculture Problems in South "
East Asia, Malacca. 17-25 April 1973.
40 Annual Conference of IRRI, Philippines. "
23-27 April 1973.
41 1973 Session of the United Nations Childrens' " Rs. 801.05
Fund Executive Board, Now York.
26 April-11 May 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
42 Commonwealth Specialist Conference on Official Rs. 2697.20
Teacher Education, Nairobi. 26 April-
11 May 1973.
43 World Administrative Telegraph and Tele- " Rs. 6971.40
phone Conference, Geneva. April 1973.
44 28th Session of Administrative Council " Rs. 1500.00
of the International Telecommunication
Union, Geneva. April 1973.
45 10th Session of the UN Scientific and "
Technical Sub-Committee of the Committee
on the Peaceful uses of Outerspace, New
York. 7-18 May 1973.
46 First Session of the UN Sugar Conference, "
Geneva. 7-30 May 1973.
47 UIC/ORE International Colloquium, " Rs. 1570.00
Utrecht. 7-11 May 1973.
48 Preparatory Meeting of the non-aligned "
countries Meeting, Kabul. l3-l5 May l973.
49 3rd International Congress on Experiments I "
Mechanics, Los Angeles. 13-18 May 1973.
50 International Television Conference, Mount- " $524.00
reaux. 18-24 May 1973.
51 8th Session of the Co-ordinating Council for " Rs. 2375.00
the International Hydrological Decade
UNESCO, Paris. 20-30 May 1973.
52 First Session of the International Geological "
Correlation Programme, Paris. 20-25
May 1973.
53 XLI General Session of OIE, Paris. 21-26 " Rs. 248.10
May 1973.
54 Session of the Codex Committee of the "
Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro-
gramme, Washington. 21-25 May 1973.
55 COSPAR Conference, Konstanz (W. " $ 757.00
Germany). 22 May-6 June 1973.
56 XVI plenary meeting of COSPAR Federal " US $ 1668
Republic of Germany. 25 May-6 June 1973. DM 192
57 Final Workshop Meeting on changes in "
Rice farming in Selected Areas of Asia,
Manila. 28 May-1 June 1973.
58 Symposium on the Design of Water Re- " Rs. 2860.0
sources Project of Inadequate Data,
Madrid. 4-9 June 1973.
59 21st Session of the Protein Advisory Groups, "
New York. 4-8 June 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
60 FAO/IAEA Panel Meeting on Isotopes Official
Tracer Aided Studies, Poland. 4-8 June
1973.
61 Annual Meeting of Board of Trustees of IRRI, "
Philippines. 7-9 June 1973.
62 lnternational Conference on Marketing, " Rs. 3970.69
Greenbrier (USA). 8-13 June 1973.
63 60th Session of FAO Council, Rome. " Rs. 7068.47
64 24th Executive Council Meeting of the ICID, " Rs. 3071.40
Prague. 11-15 June 1973.
65 Intersputnik Conference, Bulgaria. 12-18 " $ 377
June 1973.
66 11th Congress of ICLD, Madrid. 11-15 " Rs. 6973.86
June 1978.
67 First Session of the Governing Council of the " Rs. 75000.00
UN Environment Programme, Geneva.
12-22 June 1973.
68 Second Quarterly Meeting of Coconut Pro- "
duction and Productivity, Bangkok. 18-23
June 1973.
69 Symposium on magnetospheric motions, " US $ 191
USA. 18-22 June 1973.
70 The 19th American Astronautical Society "
meeting in the capacity of co-Vice Chair-
man. Dallas, USA- 19-21 June 1973.
71 4th "Pacem in Maribus" Convocation, Malts. " Rs. 1496.00
23-26 June 1973.
72 Seminar on 'lnstructional Training Techni- " Met by
ques for Broadcasting', Kuala Lumpur. UNESCO
25 June-2 July 1973.
73 Asian African legal Consultative Committee's " Rs. 3200.00
Sub-Committee, Geneva. 28-30 June
1973.
74 95th Executive Committee Meeting of " Rs. 10433.00
IUOTO, Warsaw. June 1973.
75 International Congress "The Sun in the " Nil
service of Mankind", Paris. 2-6 July 1973.
76 UN Committee of Sea-bed, Geneva. 2 July- " Rs. 130121.00
24 August 1973.
77 4th Meeting on Co-operation among Indust- " Rs. 6544.15
rial Development Financing Institutions,
West Berlin. 4-11 July 1973.
78 55th Session of the UN Economic and Social " Rs. 33760 00
Council, Geneva. 4 July-10 August 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
79 1st Meeting of the Advisory Group of the Official
International Soyabean Research, USA.
9-10 July 1973.
80 FAO ad-hoc Consultation on the Interna- " Rs. 1928. 00
tional Plant Protection Convention,
Rome. 9-13 July 1973.
81 First Meeting of the Planning and Editing " Nil
Committee of the Asian Area Common
Reading Materials Development Programme,
Tokyo. 9-14 July 1973.
82 Meeting of the FAO Technical Advisory "
Committee on Fisheries, Rome. 10-19
July 73.
83 5th Session of CCP Inter-Governmental "
Group on Banana and its Sub-Group
of Exporters, Bremen. 10-20 July 1973.
84 10th Session of Joint ECE/Codex Alimentious "
Group of Experts on Standardisation of
Fruit Juices, Geneva. 16-20 July 1973.
85 Working Group on Statistics of the Distri- " Expenditure
bution of Income, Consumption & Accu- by IBRD.
mulation, Bangkok. 16-21 July 1973.
86 5th UN Congress on Prevention of Crime and "
Treatment of Offenders. 16-21 July
1973.
87 UN Seminar on "The Family in a changing " Rs. 750.00
Society" Problems & Responsibilities of its
Members, London. 18-31 July 1973.
88 International Symposium on the Hydrology " Rs. 2343.00
of Lakes, Finland. 23-27 July 1973.
89 Meeting of the FAO Technical Consultative "
Group on Agriculture Research, Washington.
24 July-4 August 1973.
90 Inaugural Session of the Working Group on "
Stratigraphic Correlation between Sedi-
mentary Basins of the ECAFE Region,
Bangkok. 24-30 July 1973.
91 The PATA Board of Directors Meeting, " Rs. 5193.00
Noumea (New Caledonia). July 1973.
92 FAO/DANIDA Seminar on Milk Manage-
ment, Denmark. 4-26 August. 1973.
93 Plasma Physics Workshop session Italy. "
13-31 August 1973
94 5th Regional Conference of Development " Rs. 2291.75
Banks of Asia. 14-17 August 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
95 13th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Official $ 998
Denver. 17-30 August 1973.
96 13th International Conference on " Rs. 16400.60
Agriculture Economics, Brazil. 19-30
August 1973.
97 Seminar on Communication Revolution " US $ 688
sponsored by Australian National Commit-
tee for UNESCO, Melbourne. 19-27
August 1973.
98 39th Session of I. S. I. Vienna. 20-30 " Rs.4925.00
August 1973.
99 XIII International Congress on Genetics "
USA 20-24 August 1973.
100 Third International Gondwana Symposium, "
Canberra. 20-25 August 1973.
101 International Conference on Nuclear Physics " US$ 449
Germany 27 August-1 September 1973 DM 200
102 Seminar on Prevention of Narcotic Offences " By Govt. of
Tokyo. 2 September-4 October 1973. Japan.
103 15th Congress of the International Associa - " Rs. 3037.00
tion for Hydraulic Research, Istanbul. 3-9
September 1973.
104 ECAFE Seminar on Water Resources Manage- " Rs. 3840.00
ment, Bangkok. 3-21 September 1973.
105 Session on the Sare, Effective and Efficient "
utilization of Insecticides, Bangkok. 3-12
September 1973.
106 10th International Symposium on Space " 69400 yen
Technology and Science, Tokyo. 3-8
September 73.
107 Summit Conference of Non-aligned countries " Rs. 111982.00
Algiers. 3-10 September 1973.
108 IAGA Assembly meetings (2participants), " us $ 660
Japan. 9-21 September 1973.
109 Meeting of Panel of Coconut, Manila. 10-15 "
September 1973.
110 Regional Seminar of Experts on Population " Nil
Dynamics and Educational Planning, Bang-
kok. 10-18 Sept. 1973.
111 2nd Session of the UN Sugar Conference, "
Geneva. 10 September-13 October 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
112 Meeting of the Working Group on Papavev Official By U. N.
Bractentum of the UN Fund for Drug
Abuse Control, Tehran. 13-17 September,
1973.
113 UIMC-24th Congress, London. 17-22 " Rs. 2588.00
September, 1973.
114 34th Session of the International Conference " Rs. 13897.13
on Education and 9th Session of the Council
of IBE, Geneva. 18-28 September 1973.
115 5th International Congress on Soil Zoolo. "
gy, Prague, and 2nd International
Cololquium on Collembola, Jevany. 19-26
September, 1973.
116 9th Session of Asia Pacific Forestry Commis- " Rs. 3556.10
sion, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia &
Hong Kong. 20-28 September, 1973.
117 1st World Congress on Water Resources, " Rs. 11550.00
Chicago. 23-28 September, 1973.
118 Meeting of FAO ad-hoc Panel on "
Vertebrate Peat Control and Ricel Gall
Ridge, Bangkok. 26-27 September, 1973.
119 Meeting of AGRIS, Rome. 26-28 September "
1973.
120 Meeting of the Institute of Development "
Studies, Sussex. 27-30 September,
1973.
121 International Meeting of Experts on UNESCO " Nil
Associated Schools Project, Quebec. 29 Sept.
-7 Oct. 1973.
122 International Symposium on Space Tech- " US $ 1591.00
nology & Science, Tokyo. September, Yen 7000
1973.
123 Inter-Country Workshop on Instant Health "
Kathmandu. September /October, 1973.
124 Plenipotentiary Conference of the Inter- " Rs. 19623.00
national Telecommunication Union,
Spain. September, 1973.
125 Symposium on Farm Water Management, "
Utah (USA) 1-8 October, 1973.
126 Second Consultative Group Meeting on "
Regional Tectonic Map of Asia and Far
East, Kuala Lumpur. 1-3 October,
1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
127 37th Study Seminar of the Institute of Official By Government
Development Studies at the University of U.K.
of Sussex, U. K. 1 October-2 November
1973.
128 International Criminal Police Organisation "
(Interpol) Vienna. 2-9 October, 1973.
129 Second inter-regional Seminar on Statis- " Met by UNDP
tical Organisation, Ottawa. 3-12
October 1973.
130 6th Session of FAO Statistics Committee "
of Experts, Rome. 3-11 October 1973.
131 9th Regional Conference on Geology and "
Mineral Resources Development, Kuala
Lumpur. 4-15 October 1973.
132 International Astronautical Federation " $ 160
Congress held in the U. S. S. R.
6-13 October 1973.
133 Meetings of the ad hoc Committee of the UN "
Commission on Narcotic Drugs for the Far
East Region. 7 October-7 November, 1973.
134 48th Session of FAO's Committee on Com- "
modity Problems, Rome. 8-19 October
1973.
135 Workshop on "Measurement of Real Pro- " Met by U.N.
gress at the local level" organised by UN
Research Institute for Social Develop-
ment. 13-19 October 1973.
136 7th Session of the FAO Advisory Commit- "
tee of Experts on Marine Fisheries,
Italy. 15-24 October, 1973.
137 Meeting of the International Federation "
of Institutes of Advanced Studies, Paris.
16-20 October 1973.
138 Meeting of the Selection Committee cons- " Rs. 3853.00
tituted by UNDP Headquarters at Geneva,
21-26 October 1973.
139 FAO ad hoe Government Consultation " Rs. 3052.44
on Fertilizers Rome. 22-24 October
1973.
140 UN/UNESCO African Regional Seminar "
on Satellite Broadcasting Systems for
Education and Development, Addis Ababa.
22-31 October 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
141 Third Extraordinary Session of the General Official Nil
Conference of the UNESCO, Paris.
23-27 October 1973.
142 International Symposium on Animal "
Research, Japan. 23-28 October 1973.
143 Conference on Machine Processing of Re- " $1125.00
motely Sensed Data at West Lafayette,
Indiana, USA, and Conference on Mana-
gement of utilization of Remote Sensing
Data, South Dakota, USA. 29 October
1 November and 22-30 November 1973.
144 23rd General Assembly meeting of IUOTO, " Rs. 7438.00
Caracas. October 1973.
145 PATA Board of Directors' Meeting, San "
Francisco. October 1973.
146 Inter-Regional Clinical and Public Health "
Aspects of Human Reproduction, Tehran.
3-6 November 1973.
147 17th Session FAO Conference and 61st and " Rs. 54247.80
62nd Session FAO Council, Rome. 4
November-1 December 1973.
148 Meeting of the Managing Committee of " Rs. 2456.00
the World System of Scientific Informa-
tion (UNISIST) of UNESCO, Paris.
5-9 November 1973.
149 UNESCO's Asian Programme of Educational " Nil
Innovation for Development Meeting, Bang-
kok. 5-19 November 1973.
150 17th Session of the International Lead and "
Zinc Study Group, Geneva. 7-13
November 1973.
151 3rd World Symposium of Heads of Police "
Colleges, Paris. 11-17 November 1973.
152 Meeting of the FAO Technical Advisory "
Committee, Rome. 12-13 November
1973.
153 Meeting of the Govt. experts to review the "
application of the agreements on the importa-
tion of educational, scientific and cultural
materials, Geneva. 26 November-3 December
1973.
154 67th Session of the I.W.C., London. "
November 1973.
155 Expert Group Meeting on Flood Damage "
Prevention, Now York. 3-6 December
1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
156 2nd International Film Festival, Tehran. Officail
December 1973.
157 25th Session of the Commission on the " Re. 24,800.00
Status of Women, New York. 14 January
to 1 February 1974.
158 UN Symposium on Population and Human " Rs. 20,800.00
Rights, Amsterdam. 21 to 29 January
1974.
159 30th Session of the Commission on " Rs, 37,000.00
Human Rights, Now York. 4 February
to 8 March 1974.
160 International Forum on the Role of "
Women in Population and Development,
New York. 25 February to 1 March, 1974.
161 International Conference on Launch " US $ 559.92
bases, Korou (French Guyana).
162 International] Ball Bearing Symposium, " US $ 620.00
MIT Cambridge (USA).
163 7th Space Simulation Conference, Los " US $ 520-00
Angeles.
164 International Conference on Structural. " $ 100.00
Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Berlin.
165 XV Plenery Meeting of COSPAR inclu- " (pound) 278.00
ding specialised Symposia, West Germany.
166 First Meeting of the Board of Governors of " Rs. 3126.84
INTELSAT, Washington.
167 World Administrative Telegraph and " Rs. 4525.23
Telephone Conference, Berne.
168 Meeting of the Standing Committee of the " Rs. 834.73
C.T.C., Singapore.
169 Meeting of the Working Party and Group " Rs. 3255.00
of Deputies (Long Term Planning),
Montreal.
170 Meeting of Inter Sputnik Council, Moscow. " Rs. 1586.00
171 3rd Meeting of the Board of Governors of " Rs. 3912.00
INTELSAT, Washington.
172 4th Meeting of the Board of Governors of " Rs. 3400.00
INTELSAT, Washington.
173 5th Meeting of the Board of Governors of " Rs. 1076.10
INTELSAT, Canary Island.
174 6th Meeting of the Board of Governors of " Rs. 4100.00
INTELSAT, Washington, and the First
Meeting of the National Co-ordinators of
Asian Telecommunications Network,
Tehran.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
175 Consultation of Lay Reporting of Prenatal Official
and Maternal morbidity data and its
analysis held by WHO at Geneva.
176 Seminar on Demographic Research in "
relation to Population Growth targets and
2nd General Assembly for International
Co-ordination of National Research in
Damography (CICRED).
177 General Conference of the International "
Union for Scientific Study of Population
(IUSSP).
B. IN INDIA
1 14th Annual Session of the Asian-African " Nil
Legal Consultative Committee, New
Delhi 10-17 January 1973.
2 International Seminar on Hydraulics of "
Aluvial Streams, New Delhi. 15-19
January 1973.
3 Inter-Regional Seminar on Petroleum "
Refining in Developing countries, New.
Delhi. 22-31 January 1973.
4 Meeting of Finance and Rates Experts of "
C. T. Council, Bombay. January 1973.
5 U. N. Inter-Regional Seminar on Current "
Issues of Water Resources Administration,
New Delhi. 22 January-27 February 1973.
6 International Colloquium on showing of "
Railway Knowledge, New Delhi. 5-6
February 1973.
7 Third Session of the U. N. Committee on " Rs.37500.00
Natural Resources, New Delhi. 6-17
February 1973.
8 International Symposium on Recent " Nil
Researches and Applications of Geoche-
mistry, Patna. 20-26 February 1973.
9 2nd Congress of SBRAO at IARI New "
Delhi. 22-28 February 1973.
10 Seminar on Physical Planning and Area "
Development, New Delhi. March 1973,
11 Joint FAO/IAEA Seminar on the appli- "
cation of Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture
at IARI, New Delhi. 2-20 April 1973.
APPENDIX I-contd.
1 2 3 4
12 Seminar on 10th Anniversary of World Official
Food Programme, Now Delhi. 2 May 1973.
13 2nd FAO/SIDA Training Centre on Maize, "
Sorghum and Millet for Africa and the
Near East, Delhi. 18 June-14 December
1973.
14 Meeting of the Group of Experts of C. T. "
Council, Bombay. June 1973.
15 2nd Meeting of International Commission "
on Science Policy and Summer School,
Now Delhi. 18-28 July 1973.
16 Commonwealth Telecommunications Coun- "
cil Meeting, Bangalore. July 1973.
17 Participation by the Foreign team of "
experts in the field of communication
techniques in the agriculture extension
workshop, Udaipur. 20 August-20
September 1973.
18 12th All India Wheat Worker Workshop at "
IARI, Now Delhi. August 1973.
19 FAO/Agricultural Banking Seminar, Hydera. "
bad. 10 September-13 October 1973.
20 The South Central Asia Regional Staff "
Conference on UNICEF, Now Delhi. 1-6
October 1973.
21 5th South East Asia Post Graduate Nemo. "
tology Course, Aligarh. Commencing from
3 October 1973.
22 FAO/NORAD Regional Seminar/Workshop "
on utilization of Small Plegic fish, Erna-
kulam. 8-12 October 1973.
23 International UNESCO Post Graduate "
Course on Teaching of Agricultural
Engineering Ludhiana. 22 October-8
November 1973.
24 Seminar at the 32nd Plenary Meeting of "
the International Cotton Advisory Com-
mittee, New Delhi. October/November
1973.
25 FAO-9th Session of the Plant Protection "
Committee for the South East Asia and
Pacific Regions, New Delhi. 2-9 November
1973.
26 FAO/NORAD Training Course in Accous- "
tic Methods for Fish Detection and
Abundance Estimation, Cochin. 15-23
November 1973.
APPENDIX I-concld.
1 2 3 4
27 Fourth Asian Conference on Work of Blind Official
held under the auspices of the Asian
Committee of the World Council for the
Welfare of the Blind, Bombay. 2-8
December 1973.
28 7th Asia Electronics Conference and 3rd "
General Assembly of Asia Electronics
Union, New Delhi. 5-11 December
1973.
29 Forestry and Forest Product Conference, "
Dehradun 6-11 December 1973.
30 Symposium at IARI on the method of broad- "
ing short term wheat varieties under Indo-
USSR Protocol. 10 December 1973.
31 Regional Seminar for the Executive Secre- "
taries of National Book Development
Councils in Asia, New Delhi. 10-15
Dec. 1973.
32 12th Session of Conference of Asian Statis- "
ticians, New Delhi. 10-22 December
1973.
33 Discussion on various issues having bearing "
on Agricultural Banking in relation to
Co-operative and Commercial Banks
organised by FAO, Ministry of
Agriculture, Reserve Bank of India &
State Bank of India.
34 International Jury for Mohammad Raza "
Palhavi and Nadezhda K. Krupskaya
Literacy Prizes.
Jan 08, 1973
| Appendix II International Organisations |
Jan 01, 1973
APPENDIX II
International Organisations of which India became a Member/
ceased to be a Member
Serial Name of the International Organisation of Ceased to be a
NO. which India became a Member Member
1 UN Population Commission of the UN
Economic and Social Council.
2 National Railways Safety Council, USA.
3 International Union of Official Travel Orga-
nisation (IUOTO).
4 South Asia Regional Travel Commission
(SARTC).
Jan 01, 1973 | Appendix III Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed |
APPENDIX III
Treaties/Conventions/Agreements concluded or renewed by
India with other countries in 1973*
(*This List is not exhaustive)
S. Title of Convention/Treaty/ Date of Date of Date on Rema
rks
No. Agreement signa- Ratifi- which
ture cation/ entered
Accept- into
ance/ force
Confir-
mation
1 2 3 4 5
6
MULTILATERAL
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
1 Protocol for the Accession of the 1-2-73 1-2-73 1-2-73
People's Republic of Bangladesh
to the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade.
International Atomic Energy Agency
(I.A.E.A.)
2 Amendment of Article VI of the, 7-3-73 1-6-73
Statute of the International
Atomic Energy Agency as
adopted by the General Confer-
ence of the International Atomic
Energy Agency on Sep 28, 1970
at its one hundred and
forty second plenary meeting.
International Development Asso-
ciation (I.D.A.)
Credit No. 356 IN
3 Development Credit Agreement 9-2-73
industrial Development Bank of
India Project) between India
and International Development
Association (I.D.A.).
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
Credit No. 356 IN
4 Project Agreement (Industrial 9-2-73
Development Bank of India
Project) between International
Development Association and
Industrial Development Bank
of India.
Credit No. 357 IN
5 Development Credit Agreement 9-2-73
(Nangal Fertilizer Expansion
Project) between India and
International Development Asso-
ciation.
Credit No. 357 IN
6 Project Agreement (Nangal 9-2-73
Fertilizer Expansion Project)
between International Develop-
ment Association and Fertilizer
Corporation of India.
Credit No. 378 IN
7 Development Credit Agreement 9-5-73
Mysore Agricultural Wholesale
Markets Project) between India
and International Development
Association.
Credit No. 378 IN
8 Project Agreement (Mysore 9-5-73
Agricultural Wholesale Markets
Project) between International
Development Association and
Agricultural Refinance Corpo-
ration.
Credit No. 378 IN
9 Mysore Agreement (Mysore 9-5-73
Agricultural Wholesale Markets
Project) between International
Development Association and
State of Mysore.
Credit No. 391 IN
10 Development Credit Agreement 8-6-73
(Madhya Pradesh Agricultural
Credit Project) between India
and International Development
Association (I.D.A.).
L/S1MofE.A.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
Credit No. 391 IN
11 Project Agreement (Madhya Pra- 8-6-73
desh Agricultural Credit Pro-
ject) between International
Development Association and
Agricultural Refinance Corpo-
ration and Madhya Pradesh
State Co-operative Land Deve-
lopment Bank Limited.
Credit No. 391 IN
12 Madhya Pradesh Agreement 8-6-73
(Madhya Pradesh Agricultural
Credit Project) between the
State of Madhya Pradesh and
International Development
Association.
Credit No. 392 IN
13 Development Credit Agreement 8-6-73
(Uttar Pradesh Agricultural
Credit Project) between India
and International Development
Association.
Credit No. 392 IN
14 Project Agreement (Uttar Pra- 8-6-73
desh Agricultural Credit Pro-
ject) between International Deve-
lopment Association and Agri-
cultural Refinance Corporation
and Uttar Pradesh State Co-
operative Land Development
Bank Limited.
Credit No. 392 IN
15 Uttar Pradesh Agreement (Uttar 8-6-73
Pradesh Agricultural Credit Pro
Project) between the State of
Uttar Pradesh and International
Development Association.
Credit No. 402 IN
16 Development Credit Agreement 25-6-73
(Eighth Industrial Imports Pro
ject) between India and Inter-
national Development Associa-
tion.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
International Labour Organization
(I.L.O.)
17 Instrument for the Amendment 26-5-73
of the Constitution of the Inter.
national Labour Organisation
1972.
United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees
Project No. RF/LS/IND.1/73
18 Agreement under the Programme 15-3-73
of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees for
Assistance to Land settlements/
repairs in Chandragiri/Mahen-
dragarh.
Project No. 71/LS/IND 5
19 Supplementary Agreement under 15-6-73
the Programme of the United
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees for Assistance towards
Local settlement.
Project No. 73/LS/IND. 4(a)
20 Agreement under the Programme 10-8-73
of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees for
Vocational Training.
Project No. 73/LS/IND. 4(c)
21 Agreement under the Programme 10-8-73
of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees for
Vocational Training.
Project No. 73/LS/IND. 4(b)
22 Agreement under the Programme 19-9-73
of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees for
Vocational Training.
Project No. 69/LS/IND. 3-7 0-731
LS/IND 6
23 Supplementary Agreement under 19-9-73
the Programme of the United
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees for Consolidation of the
Manipat Land Settlement,
Madhya Pradesh, India.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Project No. 73/LS/IND. 5(c)
24 Agreement under the Programme 27-9-73
of the United Nations High Com-
missioner for Refugees for Assis-
tance towards Local settlement.
BANGLADESH
25 Credit Agreement between the 29-1-73 29-1-73
Government of India and the
Government of the People's
Republic of Bangladesh for
Rupees twelve million three
hundred and ten thousand.
26 Agreement between the Govern- 7-4-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of the People's Republic
of Bangladesh regarding the
supply of telecommunication
equipment.
27 Agreed Minutes of the meeting 25-5-73
held in Dacca on 22nd, 23rd and
24th May 1973, between the
Planning Commissions of India
and Bangladesh.
28 Trade Agreement between the 5-7-73 28-9-73
Government of India and the
Government of the People's
Republic of Bangladesh.
29 Protocol with reference to Article 5-7-73 28-9-73
IV of the Trade Agreement (5th
July, 1973) between India and
Bangladesh.
30 Agreement between the Republic of 27-8-73 27-8-73
India and the People's Republic
of Bangladesh on Co-operation in
the fields of the Peaceful Uses of
Atomic Energy.
BULGARIA
31 Exchange of Letters between the 29-11-73 29-11-73
Government of India and the
Government of the People's
Republic of Bulgaria regarding
establishment of Joint Commis-
sion for Economic, Scientific and
Technical Co-operation.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
CANADA
32 Agreement between the Govern- 31-1-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of Canada regarding Re.
scheduling of Loan Instalments
in respect of Rajasthan Atomic
Power Project, Stage 1.
33 Exchange of Letters between the 2-2-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for pro-
viding a further loan of C$3.0
Million (II Tranche) for ONGC/
Oil India Ltd.
34 Agreement between the Govern- 28-2-73
moat of India and the Govern-
ment of Canada regarding Re-
scheduling of Loam Instalments
in respect of the Loan for Diesel
Locos.
35 Exchange of Letters regarding 28-2-73
amendment of the agreement
signed on 21st February 1967,
concerning a development loan
in the amount of eleven, million
eight hundred and fifty thousand
Canadian dollars.
36 Loan Agreement between the 16-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for C$
7.5 Million for Polybutadience
Synthetic Rubber Project of
Indian Petrochemicals Corpora-
tion Limited (I.P.C.L.).
37 Exchange of Letters between the 31-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for
amending the existing credit
agreement which was signed on
16th July 1971.
38 Exchange of Letters between the 31-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for
extending the terminal drawal
date from 31st March 1973,
to 31st December 1973, for
Canadian Development Loan of
C $ 6 Million for purchase of
Loco Components.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5 6
39 Exchange of Letters between the 21-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada regard-
ing amendment for inclusion of
certain items for procurement
of telecommunication equip-
ment by P&T Board (Under the
Agreement dated 30th Septem-
ber 1969, between India and
Canada for development loan in
the amount of C $ 40 Million
40 Exchange of Letters between the 25-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada regard-
ing amendment to the agree-
ment signed on 16th July 1971.
41 Canadian Development Loan 18-7-73
Agreement for C $ 50. 0 Million
for Industrial Commodities and
Fertilizers.
42 Exchange of Letters for grant 6-8-73 6-8-73
assistance of C $ 15 Million for
import of rapeseed. or rapeseed
products front Canada.
43 Canadian Development Loan 9-8-73
Agreement for three million nine
hundred and seventy two thou-
sand Canadian dollars for the
procurement of turbine genera-
tor equipment required for
augmentation Of Power Houses
Number 3 and Number 4 of the
KUNDAH Hydel Project in
Tamil Nadu.
44 Memorandum of understanding 9-8-73 9-8-73
between India and Canada con-
cerning the Supply of the Turbine
Generator Equipment required
for the augmentation of Power
Houses Numbers 3 and 4 of the
KUNDAH Hydel Project in
Tamil Nadu.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
45 Exchange, of Letters between the 4-10-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for C $ 6
Million to finance the purchase
of equipment etc., from Canada
for Oil and Gas exploration
by the ONGC/Oil India Ltd.
46 Exchange of Letters between the 30-10-73
Government of India and the
Government of Canada for pro-
viding freight financing for
'Potash' against Canadian Com-
modities/Fertilizers Loan Agree-
merit for C $ 50 Million of 18th
July 1,973.
47 Agreement between the Govern- 27-11-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of Canada for develop-
ment Loan of C $ 10 Million for
import of Potash from Canada.
DENMARK
48 Agreement between the Govern- 28-6-73 28-6-73
meat of Denmark and the
Government of India for the
setting up of an ABATTOIR at
CFTRI* Mysore.
49 Exchange of Letters between the 30-8-73 30-8-73
Government of India and the
Government of Denmark regard-
ing extension of the February
1963 Agreement for a further
period of five years i.e. until 18th
February 1978.
*Central Food Technological Research Institute.
APPENDIX III contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
FRANCE
59 Indo-French Financial Protocol- 7-2-73
1973-74 (Relative to French
credits for financing the Develop-
ment Plan in India).
51 Indo-French, Special Financial 7-2-73
Protocol 1973-74 (Relative to
the French Credits for financing
the goods and services for the
Indian Atomic Energy and Space
Departments).
52 Agreement between the Govern- 18-9-73 18-9-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of France regarding debt
relief for 1973-74.
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF
GERMANY
53 Exchange of Letters between the 19-1-73 19-1-73
Government of India and the
Government of Federal Republic
of Germany regarding the exten-
sion of the Agreement for Joint
Agricultural Development Pro-
jects in Mandi and Kangra Dis-
tricts of Himachal Pradesh.
54 Additional Agreement between 28-3-73
the Government of India and
the KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDER-AUFBAU for a
Credit of DU 98 Million for Debt
Relief Prolongation-1972-73.
55 Exchange of Letters between the 3-5-73 3-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal
Republic of Germany for the
supply of 6,000 tons of fertilizer
and 5,000 pairs of pruning
shears for Mandi Project.
56 Exchange of Letters between the 3-5-73 3-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal
Republic of Germany for the
supply of 4,000 tons of fertilizer
for Kangra Project.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
57 Exchange of Letters between the 3-5-73 3-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal
Republic of Germany for the
supply of 3,120 tons of fertilizer
to Almora Project.
58 Exchange of Letters between the 3-5-73 3-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal Re-
public of Germany for the sup-
ply of 3,000 tons of fertilizer for
Mandi Project.
59 Exchange of Letters between the 3-5-73 3-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal Re-
public of Germany for the
supply of 3,200 tons of fertilizer
for Kangra Project.
60 Loan Agreement between 24-7-73
KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDER-AUFBAU and the
Government of India for DM
12,000,000 (Caustic Soda Pro-
ject T.C.C.).
61 Arbitration Agreement with 24-7-73
reference to Article X, paragraph
(6) of the above mentioned
Loan Agreement dated 24th
July 1973.
62 Project Agreement between 24-7-73
KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDER-AUFBAU and the
Travancore-Cochin Chemicals
Ltd. (India).
63 Arbitration Agreement with re- 24-7-73
ference to Article VI, paragraph
(5) of the above mentioned Pro-
ject Agreement dated 24th July
1973.
64 Agreement between the Govern- 28-8-73 28-8-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of the Federal Republic of
Germany concerning Financial
Assistance in 1973-74.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5 6
65 Exchange of Letters between the 18-9-73 18-9-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal Re-
public of Germany regarding
extension of the agreement
concerning Indo-German Agri-
cultural Development Project,
Almora (U.P.).
66 Additional Agreement between 19-10-73
KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDER-AUFBAU and the
Government of India for DM
98,000,000 for Debt Relief
(Prolongation-1973-74).
67 Arbitration Agreement with 19-10-73
reference to Article IX, para-
graph (6) of the above men-
tioned agreement dated 19th
October 1973.
68 Exchange of Letters between the 11-12-73 11-12-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Federal Re-
public of Germany regarding
extension of the agreement con-
cerning Indo-German Agricul-
tural Development Project,
Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu).
69 Loan Agreement between the 21-12-73
Government of India and
KREDITANSTALT FUR
WIEDER-AUFBAU for DM
one hundred million (Commodi-
ties XV).
70 Arbitration Agreement with re- 21-12-73
ference to the provision of Article
X, paragraph (6) of the above
noted Loan Agreement.
GREECE
71 Trade Agreement between the 31-1-73 31-1-73
Government of India and the
Government of Greece.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
IRAN
72 Exchange of Notes between the 28-5-73
Government of India and the
Imperial Government of Iran
for the avoidance of double
taxation of income of enterprises
operating aircraft.
Notes of Imperial Government
of Iran-29-3-1973 and Govern-
ment of India-1-4-1973.
IRAQ
73 Agreement between the Govern- 6-4-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment, of Iraq bearing title "Co-
operation Agreement" between
74 Agreement on Economic and 6-4-73 26-7-73 26-7-73
Technical Co-operation bet-
ween the Government of India
and the Government of the Re-
public of Iraq.
75 Cultural Agreement between the 19-4-73 13-9-73 13-9-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Republic of
Iraq.
JAPAN
76 Exchange of Notes between the 26-1-73
Government of India and the
Government of Japan regarding
foreign exchange requirements.
XII Yen Credit (1972-73)
77 Loan Agreement between the 2-2-73
Export-Import Bank of Japan
and the President of India.
78 Rescheduling Agreement between 2-2-73 2-2-73
the Export-Import, Bank of
Japan and the President of
India.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
NEPAL
79 Agreement between the Govern- 2-2-73 2-2-73
ment of India and His Majesty's
Government of Nepal regarding
the supply of Iodised Salt to
Nepal.
80 Agreement between the Govern- 23-2-73
ment of India and His Majesty's
Government of Nepal for a tem-
porary stand-by Credit of Rs. 10
crores.
81 Agreement between the Govern- 5-3-73 5-3-73
ment of India and His Majesty's
Government of Nepal regarding
the Projects taken up under the
Additional Assistance Prog-
ramme.
82 Exchange of Letters between the 5-3-73 5-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of Nepal regarding
the Projects taken up under the
Additional Assistance Prog-
ramme.
NETHERLANDS
83 Credit Agreement between the 22-8-73
Government of India and De
Nederlandse Investerings Bank
Voor Ontwikkelingslanden
68,000,000 Netherlands guil-
ders.
84 Addendum to the Loan Agree- 22-8-73
ment between the President
of India and De Nederlandse
Investerings Bank Voor Ont-
wikkelingslanden dated 22nd
Augusts 1973, for a maximum
amount forty-five million
Netherlands guilders as project
Loan in addition to the eighteenth
Loan for 68,000,000 Nether-
lands guilders.
85 Exchange of Letters between the 3-10-73 3-10-73
Government of India and the
Government of Netherlands for
setting up of Joint Indo-Nether-
lands Committee for Economic
Co-operation.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
PAKISTAN
86 Agreement between India and 28-8-73
Pakistan, concluded with the
concurrence of the Government
of Bangladesh.
PHILIPPINES
87 Cultural Agreement between 6-9-69 20-12-73 20-12-73
India and the Philippines.
SWEDEN
88 Exchange of Letters between the 7-3-73 7-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of Sweden regar-
ding Debt Relief.
89 Agreement between the Govern- 18-6-73 18-6-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of Sweden regarding Deve-
lopment Co-operation.
TURKEY
90 Trade Agreement between the 19-9-73 19-9-73
Government of India and the
Government of the Republic of
Turkey.
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS (USSR)
91 Protocol between the Minister 27-12-73
of Heavy Industry and Steel &
Mines of India (Shri T. A. Pai)
and Minister of Coal Industry
of the U.S.S.R.(Shri B. F. Brat-
chenko) for further expansion
of scientific and technical co-
operation in the field of Coal
Industry.
APPENDIX III-contd.
1 2 3 4 5
6
UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
92 Exchange of Letters between the 7-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of the United
Kingdom regarding amendment
to the United Kingdom/India
Maintenance Loan, 1972.
93 Exchange of letters between the 28-3-73
Government of India and the
Government of the United
Kingdom regarding the second
amendment to the United
Kingdom/India Maintenance
Loan, 1972.
94 Exchange of Notes between the 24-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland regarding
United Kingdom/India Capital
Investment Loan, 1973 for four-
teen million pounds sterling
95 Exchange of Letters between the 24-5-73
Government of India and the
Government of United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland regarding United
Kingdom/India Capital Invest-
ment Loan, 1973 for fourteen
million pounds sterling.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(U.S.A.)
96 Agreement between the Govern- 30-1-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of USA regarding Amend-
ment No. 1 to PL 480 Loan
Agreement No. 386-G-182 dated
March 8, 1968.
97 Agreement between the Govern- 30-1-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of USA regarding amend-
ment No. 1 to PL 480 Loan
Agreement No. 386-G-197 dated
March 10, 1969.
APPENDIX III-concld.
1 2 3 4 5
6
98 Agreement between the Govern- 30-1-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of USA regarding Amend-
ment No. 1 to PL 480 Loan
Agreement No. 386-G-205 dated
January 14, 1970.
99 Agreement between the Govern. 30-3-73 30-3-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of the United States of
America regarding the Consoli-
dation and Rescheduling of
certain debts owed to the United
States Government and its
Agencies.
100 Agreement between the Govern- 30-3-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of the United States of
America regarding the Consoli-
dation and rescheduling of pay-
ment under PL 480 Title I Agri-
cultural Commodity Agreement.
101 Agreement between the Govern- 30-3-73
ment of India and the Govern-
ment of U.S.A. relating to debt
relief on AID Loans.
REPUBLIC OF ZAIRE
102 Protocol on Economic, Commer- 23-1-73
cial, Technical, Scientific, Cul-
tural, Aviation and Maritime
Co-operation between the Govern-
ment of India and the National
Executive Council of the Re-
public of Zaire.
pg157>
Sep 28, 1970 | Appendix IV ITEC Programme |
APPENDIX IV
ITEC Programme
(A) Proposal for Training under Consideration
1. Afghanistan 12 trainees are proposed to be accepted in
Mining and Industry, and others in Health.
2. Cyprus Three trainees in weights and measures are
expected to come.
3. Ethiopia 6 trainees are likely to come for training in
Forestry, Handloom technology etc.
4. ECA 8-10 trainees are expected to come from
ECA for training in research and develop-
ment in Science and Technology with
particular reference to industrialization.
The candidates are expected to be men
holding top-managerial positions in their
home countries.
5. Fiji 3 trainees in rural development are expect-
ed.
6. Laos One nominee for training in forestry is ex-
pected. Besides, two officers are expected
to visit India for a month to study the
administration of forests.
7. Libya 31 trainees in vocational courses are ex-
pected to come.
8. Madagascar Trainees in meteorology, coking coal, etc
are expected.
9. Mauritius A number of trainees in small scale indus-
tries, community development and allied
fields are expected.
10. Maldives 17 trainees are expected to come for training
in primary school education and higher
education and telecommunications.
11. Nigeria As a result of the visit of a delegation led
by the Chairman of the Nigerian Oil Cor-
poration, requests were received for facili-
ties in India for the training of their en-
gineering geologists and technicians in
the field of Oil exploration, refining and
fertilizer industry, and arrangement for a
special training course at the Institute of
Petroleum Exploration, Dehra Dun. In the,
field of Steel, the Nigerians have requested
training facilities for their technicians and
pg158>
APPENDIX IV-contd.
the Steel Authority of India Ltd., have
agreed to train 24 Nigerian technicians in
batches of six each. A batch of 22 trainees
are undergoing training in Oil exploration
at Dehra Dun. Three more trainees in
Hydrographic Survey at the Hoogly River
Development Board, Calcutta, are expect-.
ed.
12. Papua-New Guniea 5 trainees in electrical engineering are ex-
pected to come.
13. Senegal One trainee for training at the Film and
T.V. Institute, Poona is expected to
come.
14. Sudan 15 trainees are expected to come in Phar-
macy, medicine, dentistry, radiography,
law, animal husbandry, mica.
15. Sri Lanka Trainees in various fields including card-
board, handmade paper, sugar, glucose,
mica, etc. are expected.
16. Tanzania 38 trainees are proposed to be accepted for
training in the fields of Pharmacy, Enginee-
ring, Accountancy and Commerce and
Small Scale Industries.
17. Western-Samoa An Officer from the Government of Western
Samoa is expected to visit for 60 days to
study small scale industries. Besides four
trainees in small scale industries are ex-
pected to come.
18. Zanzibar 13 trainees in small scale industries are ex.
pected to come.
19. Zambia 2 trainees in Personnel Management/Tea-
chers Training in India, are expected to
come.
(B) Deputation of Indian Experts under consideration
1. Afghanistan 48 experts in the fields of health, irrigation
and power, industry, education, public
works, mining etc., are expected to be
deputed.
2. Barbados A proposal to send an lnsurance Supervisor
is under consideration.
3. Democratic Republic of A proposal to depute 5 experts in different
Vietnam fields of Agriculture arid Animal Hus-
bandry is tinder consideration.
4. Ecuador A two-member team is proposed to be de-
puted to advise that Government on food
technology.
5. Ethiopia A proposal to depute a Gynaecologist and
a nurse/midwife is under consideration.
pg159>
APPENDIX IV-contd.
6. Fiji An engineer for conducting studies in the
possibilities of development of hydroelec.
tric resources in Fi j is under consideration.
7. Indonesia Two additional teachers are likely to be de.
puted.
8. Iraq A delegation of 21 Railway experts is pro.
posed to be deputed shortly.
9. Mauritius 20 experts are proposed to be deputed in
agriculture, engineering architecture, edu-
cation, fisheries, tea management, etc.
10. Maldives One teacher is proposed to be deputed.
11. People's Demotratic Republic One Bus Transport Economist is proposed
of Yemen to be deputed. Besides 3 experts are pro-
posed to be deputed to explore possibili-
ties of technical and economic co-opera-
tion.
12. Peru An expert in leather technology is proposed
to be deputed.
13. Sri Lanka Two experts in animal husbandry, four
for installation of microwave link between
India and Sri Lanka and another for collect-
ing the necessary data in connection with
the Kotamalee Project, are proposed to be
deputed.
14. Somalia A proposal to depute one Legal Adviser on
land tenure matters, is under consideration.
15. Sudan A proposal to depute two experts-one
Economic Adviser and one Pharmacologist
is under consideration.
16. Tanzania 8 experts in fields of coconut cultivation,
paper technology and agriculture are pro-
posed to be deputed.
17. Tonga It is proposed to depute a Mechanical En-
gineer to work for the Ministry of Works.
18 Zambia Two experts in Imports and Exports and
Planning are proposed to be deputed.
(C) Donations/Gifts under ITEC Programme
1. Afghanistan Technical literature on irrigation, agricul-
ture, electric generation, etc. costing Re.
26,000 has been made.
2. Burma Chemicals and books costing Rs. 50,000
have been gifted.
3. Cambodia An additional grant of Rs.5,86,000 has been
made to the multi-national Prek Thnot
irrigation project.
pg160>
APPENDIX IV-contd.
4. Fiji A gift of scientific and laboratory equipment
worth Rs. 50,000 has been made to the
South Pacific University. A gift of grass
carp fish for breeding purposes is to be
made shortly.
5. Guinea Hospital equipment costing Rs. 1 lakh has
been made.
6. Iraq 100 Kgs. of oil seeds have been donated by
the Punjab Agricultural University. An-
other gift of agricultural implements cost-
ing Rs. 25,000 has been made during the
year.
7. Laos Donation of vegetable seeds worth Rs. 16,500
has been made.
8. Malaysia Equipment costing Rs. 3.25 lakhs for the
proposed Technical Training Centre in the
State of Negri Sembilan is being gifted.
9. Mauritius A consignment of 25,000 fish fry costing
Rs. 2600 was presented for experimental
purposes. A grant of Rs. 44 lakhs has
already been agreed to be made towards
our contribution to the Mahatma Gandhi
Institute which covers deputation of
experts and cost of equipment and mater-
ial. Another gift of 100 goats costing Rs. 1
lakh has been made.
10. Oman Laboratory equipment and chemicals cost-
ing Rs. 1 lakh has been made for use in
their Agricultural Research Institute.
11. Peru Electrical equipment costing Rs. 3.73 lakhs
is being gifted for a transmission network.
12. Somalia 62 sewing machines and 50 knitting machi-
nes costing about Its. 85,000 are being
gifted.
13. Sudan It is proposed to donate books/publication
on Indian Law and a provision of Rs. 10,000
has been made.
14. Tanzania A common facility centre as part of the In -
dustrial Estate is proposed to be donated
at a cost of Rs. 10.5 lakhs.
15. Y.A.R. A gift of 100 irrigation pump sets costing
Rs. 8 lakhs is contemplated during the
current year.
16. Zambia A donation of drugs and pharmaceuticals
costing Rs. 3.64 lakhs has been made.
pg161>
APPENDIX IV-concld.
(D) Deputation of Indian Experts under ITEC Programme
Name of the country During 1973-74
(Up to Oct. 1973)
AFGHANISTAN 87
CYPRUS 1
E.C.A. 1
ETHIOPIA 4
FIJI (including Tonga) 8
INDONESIA 2
IRAN 2
IRAQ 21
KENYA 1
LAOS 2
MALAYSIA 7
MALDIVES 2
MAURITIUS 31
MALTA 1
MOROCCO 31
OMAN 4
SOUTH YEMEN 13
SENEGAL 2
SOMALIA 16
SRI LANKA 7
TANZANIA 17
UPPER VOLTA 2
ZAMBIA 1
235
pg162>
Jan 01, 1973 | Appendix V Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts Abroad |
APPENDIX V
Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts Abroad during
1973-74
The expenditure during 1973-74 on Headquarters of this
Ministry is of. the order of Rs. 283.12 lakhs, a sum of Rs. 133.95
lakhs is towards Establishment charges, a sum of Rs. 104.88 lakhs
for publicity, cables, diplomatic bags services etc., a sum of
Rs. 36.53 lakhs for travelling expenses and the balance of Rs. 7.76
lakhs for Interim Relief.
The expenditure on Missions/Posts including Special Missions
in Thimpu and Gangtok is Rs. 1326.90 lakhs out of which a
sum of Rs. 727.57 lakhs is spent on Establishment charges
including Foreign and other Compensatory allowances, a sum of
Rs. 66.36 lakhs on passages for transfers and local tours,
Rs. 39.96 lakhs for publicity contingencies and Rs. 491.01 lakhs
on official and residential accommodation, P&T charges and
other office contingencies. The average expenditure per Mission
comes to Rs. 11.34 lakhs.
The expenditure mentioned above (viz., Rs. 1610.02 lakhs as
per details below) on Headquarters and Missions/Posts abroad
includes expenditure on External Publicity programme/activities.
The break-up of this expenditure is as under:-
| (Rs. in lakhs)
(a) HEADQUARTERS
(i) Salaries (Officers 25, Staff 119) 8.68
(ii) Travelling Expenses 2.06
(iii) Publicity Contingencies Charges 37.00
47.74
pg163>
APPENDIX V-concld.
(b) Missions/Posts Abroad
(i) salaries (officers 50, Staff 304) 44.64
(ii) Foreign Allowance, Compensatory allowance 24.88
(iii) Passages and Travelling Expenses 5.27
(iv) Publicity Contingencies 39.96
(v) Other Charges including renting of residential acco-
mmodation and other Office contingencies.. 16.85
131.60
TOTAL EXTERNAL PUBLICITY 179.34
The expenditure on External Publicity as detailed above comes
to 8.98% of the expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts
abroad.
(Rs. in lak
hs)
Establish- Travelling Other To
tal
ment Expenses Charges
Charges
I. SECRETARIAT
(a) Headquarters 133.03 34.47 67.88 235
.38
(b) External Publicity Division 8.68 2.06 37.00 47
.74
141.71 36.53 104.88 283
.12
II. OVERSEAS ESTABLISHMENT
(a) Missions/Posts abroad 658.05 61.09 476.16 1195
.30
(b) Publicity Wing 69.52 5.27 56.81 131
.60
727.57 66.36 532.97 1326
.90
GRAND TOTAL 869.28 102.89 637.85 1610
.02
pg164>
Jan 01, 1973 |
APPENDIX V
Expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts Abroad during
1973-74
The expenditure during 1973-74 on Headquarters of this
Ministry is of. the order of Rs. 283.12 lakhs, a sum of Rs. 133.95
lakhs is towards Establishment charges, a sum of Rs. 104.88 lakhs
for publicity, cables, diplomatic bags services etc., a sum of
Rs. 36.53 lakhs for travelling expenses and the balance of Rs. 7.76
lakhs for Interim Relief.
The expenditure on Missions/Posts including Special Missions
in Thimpu and Gangtok is Rs. 1326.90 lakhs out of which a
sum of Rs. 727.57 lakhs is spent on Establishment charges
including Foreign and other Compensatory allowances, a sum of
Rs. 66.36 lakhs on passages for transfers and local tours,
Rs. 39.96 lakhs for publicity contingencies and Rs. 491.01 lakhs
on official and residential accommodation, P&T charges and
other office contingencies. The average expenditure per Mission
comes to Rs. 11.34 lakhs.
The expenditure mentioned above (viz., Rs. 1610.02 lakhs as
per details below) on Headquarters and Missions/Posts abroad
includes expenditure on External Publicity programme/activities.
The break-up of this expenditure is as under:-
| (Rs. in lakhs)
(a) HEADQUARTERS
(i) Salaries (Officers 25, Staff 119) 8.68
(ii) Travelling Expenses 2.06
(iii) Publicity Contingencies Charges 37.00
47.74
pg163>
APPENDIX V-concld.
(b) Missions/Posts Abroad
(i) salaries (officers 50, Staff 304) 44.64
(ii) Foreign Allowance, Compensatory allowance 24.88
(iii) Passages and Travelling Expenses 5.27
(iv) Publicity Contingencies 39.96
(v) Other Charges including renting of residential acco-
mmodation and other Office contingencies.. 16.85
131.60
TOTAL EXTERNAL PUBLICITY 179.34
The expenditure on External Publicity as detailed above comes
to 8.98% of the expenditure on Headquarters and Missions/Posts
abroad.
(Rs. in lak
hs)
Establish- Travelling Other To
tal
ment Expenses Charges
Charges
I. SECRETARIAT
(a) Headquarters 133.03 34.47 67.88 235
.38
(b) External Publicity Division 8.68 2.06 37.00 47
.74
141.71 36.53 104.88 283
.12
II. OVERSEAS ESTABLISHMENT
(a) Missions/Posts abroad 658.05 61.09 476.16 1195
.30
(b) Publicity Wing 69.52 5.27 56.81 131
.60
727.57 66.36 532.97 1326
.90
GRAND TOTAL 869.28 102.89 637.85 1610
.02
pg164>
Jan 01, 1973 | Appendix VI List of Indian Missions/Posts |
Jan 01, 1973
APPENDIX VI
List of Indian Missions/Posts opened in the year 1973-74
S. Country Location Remarks
No.
1 Bangladesh Rajshahi Assistant High
Commi
LS/1MofEA-3,500-12-3-1974-GIPS
Errata
Para Line Correction to be made
1 10 Add s after State
1-2 Insert after Bengalees,
POWs & Agreement
1 6 Read Prime Minister for Prime Minster
1 4 Delete 1 in Majestly
4 3 Read 83 crores for 64.3 crores
2 3 Read over-flights for over-light
1 22 Read over-flights for over-lights
2 3 Add full stop after Bali
2 3 Read INS for INC after Bali
4 1 Read year for years
3 3 Read Australia for Austarlia
1 9 Read forestry for foretry
2 3 Read Minister of Planning for
Miniser of Planning.
3 4 Read Manea for Manean.
6 1 -do-
3 7 Read Non-aligned for Non-alignment
8 Read Sweden for Sudan
Commission for Commi
3 4 Read "third and fourth meetings"
for "third meetings"
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